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Jute. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Jute, Corchorus olitorius. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Jute (Corchorus)

Family: Heathers (Malvaceae)

Origin: The genus Jute includes several species of herbaceous plants originating from Asia and Africa.

Area: Jute is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and South America. It can be grown in a variety of climates, including arid and fertile soils.

Chemical composition: Jute contains up to 20% fibers, which are used to produce strong and durable fabrics. In addition, it is rich in pectins, carotenoids, vitamins and minerals.

Economic value: Jute is of high economic importance due to its fibers, which are used to produce a wide range of products such as bags, ropes, carpets, mats, bags and others. In addition, the plant is also used as a food additive, and the leaves and shoots of the plant can be used in cooking.

Legends, myths, symbolism: Jute can be used as a symbol of strength and endurance, as its fibers are used to make durable materials such as ropes and cords. It can also symbolize resilience and resilience, as the plant can survive in a variety of climates. In addition, jute can be used as a symbol of environmental responsibility and sustainability, as it is an environmentally friendly and sustainable material that can be recycled and reused. In some cultures, jute can also be used as a symbol of prosperity and abundance, as it can be used to make a variety of products that can be sold or traded for other goods. In general, jute can be used as a symbol of strength, hardiness, resilience, environmental responsibility, sustainability, prosperity, and abundance.

Jute, Corchorus olitorius. Description, illustrations of the plant

Long-fruited jute, Corchorus olitorius L. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry

An annual herbaceous tropical plant of the linden family (Tiliaceae).

Flowers small, yellow. The fruit is an elongated ribbed box with a large (up to 200 or more) number of seeds.

Seeds are small, trihedral, dark green or dark brown. They contain glycosides, have a significant oil content, but due to toxicity they are still not used in the national economy, they are a waste of production. Jute contains glycosides - olithorizide and corchoroside.

Two types of jute are of industrial importance: long-fruited jute (C. olitorius) and large-fruited jute (C. capsularis). Both types of jute are cultivated in India, where 95% of the world area of ​​this crop is concentrated. Long-fruited jute has a stem 1-3,5 m high with oval-lanceolate, serrated leaves along the edge.

Range and habitats. Homeland is India. Cultivated in southern countries for industrial purposes as a fibrous plant. Jute fiber is used to make ropes, tarpaulins and other products. About 30 types of jute are known, growing in Asia, America, Africa.

Chemical composition. Seeds contain glycosides, have a significant oil content, but due to toxicity, they are still not used in the national economy, they are a waste of production.

Application in medicine. Two types of jute are of industrial importance: long-fruited jute (C. olitorius) and large-fruited jute (C. capsularis). Both types of jute are cultivated in India, where 95% of the world area of ​​this crop is concentrated. Long-fruited jute has a stem 1-3,5 m high with oval-lanceolate, serrated leaves along the edge. Flowers small, yellow. The fruit is an elongated ribbed capsule with a large (up to 200 or more) number of seeds. The seeds are small, trihedral, dark green or dark brown.

Other uses. Plant fibers are widely used in the textile industry.

Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.

Long-fruited jute, Corchorus olitorius L. Classification, synonyms, botanical description, nutritional value, cultivation

Annual plant.

Stem 1-3 m in height, notched along the entire length or only at the top; leaves 5-12 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, narrowly oval or lanceolate, pointed at the end, with a serrated edge. At the base of the plate there are two long, tail-like elongated teeth.

The flowers are yellow, about 10 mm in diameter, arranged 1-3 in the axils of the leaves. Perianth five-membered; stamens 50-100; style with cup-shaped stigma, densely covered with papillae.

The fruit is a capsule, narrow-cylindrical, 5-10 cm long and 0,4-0,8 cm in diameter, longitudinally ribbed, with a pointed apex, opening with 3-6 valves.

It comes from India and is widely cultivated as a fibrous plant.

In Egypt and Syria, it is also grown as a vegetable called Melokyen. The leaves are used as food for spinach.

Author: Ipatiev A.N.

Jute, Corchorus. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Jute fiber has a high hygroscopicity and does not have tow, so it is used for containers suitable for sugar, flour, etc. The fiber is the basis for furniture fabrics, velvet, ropes, paper are made from it. In a mixture with cotton, linen fabrics are produced from it.

Technical oil is obtained from the seeds, as well as glycosides - agents for the treatment of heart diseases. Young shoots of long-fruited jute are used for food.

The yield of jute fiber in the world is 1,8 t/ha. Gross harvest - 4,1 million tons.

Crop areas under jute are located mainly between 32 °C. sh. and 30°S sh., in the tropical zone of Asia (2,16 million hectares in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Taiwan). In addition, large areas are occupied by jute in North and Central America and Africa.

Jute (Corchorus L), family Linden (Tiliaceae) ranks second among spinning plants after cotton. Two species of this genus are of industrial importance: large-fruited (Corchorus capsularis L.) and long-fruited (Corchorus ditorius L.) jute.

Both types of jute are annual herbaceous plants and do not interbreed. Vegetation period 120-160 days. Large-fruited jute is the most widespread, and in Asia - long-fruited. Plants differ significantly morphologically.

In round-fruited jute, the root system is taproot, underdeveloped, up to 0,8 m. The stem is erect, from 1 to 3 cm thick, light green or purple in color, up to 2,5 m or more high. Leaves are lanceolate, hairless, with serrated edges. Leaf length 2-10 cm. Petiole 2-8 cm long with 2 stipules. Flowers bisexual, small, pale yellowish, solitary. The flower has 25-30 stamens.

The fruit is a 5-8-leaf box, spherical or obverse-conical without partitions, 1-2 cm in size. The surface of the box is ribbed-wrinkled. Its color in the immature state is green or burgundy, when ripe it is brown-brown. Seeds are small, dark brown, angular. The weight of 1000 seeds is 2,5-3,0 g. There are up to 30-50 seeds in a box. The fiber content in the stem of round-fruited jute is 20,2-24,6%. The fiber is white.

Long-fruited jute has a highly developed taproot. Stem up to 3 m high (diameter at the base from 0,6 to 1,5 cm), branches. The leaves are ovate, pointed, serrated, from 2,5 to 10 cm. Petiole 2-7 cm, slightly pubescent. Flowers are bisexual, yellow, on short stalks, solitary or 2-3 flowers in the leaf axil. Corolla bell - 12-14 cm, depth up to 10-12 mm. Petals 5, stamens up to 75-80 pieces, ovary 5-celled, style short.

The fruit is an elongated, pointed, cylindrical, ribbed box 6 to 10 cm long, up to 0,4-0,58 cm in diameter. When ripe, the box opens with 5-7 wings. In a box up to 150-200 seeds of a 3-sided shape, malachite green or brown. Weight of 1000 seeds - 1,5-1,6 g.

The fiber content in the stem is 20,1-22,7%. The color of the fiber is reddish or yellowish. The fiber is thin, soft and more durable.

Jute is a short day plant with very high heat requirements. The optimum temperature from sowing to ripening of jute seeds is 25-30 °C. The plant is photophilous.

Both types of jute are grown in conditions where the annual rainfall is at least 1000 mm or with regular irrigation. However, round-fruited jute is very moisture-loving and, in its adult state, can withstand flooding for several days, while long-fruited jute does not tolerate flooding.

Growing technology. Jute seeds germinate on the 4-6th day at a temperature of 18 ° C or more. 2 dark green cotyledons appear on the surface of the soil. The first true leaf is formed 7-10 days after the emergence of the cotyledons to the surface.

The growth of above-ground organs in the first 1,5 months is very slow (0,3-0,4 cm per day). By the onset of budding, the daily growth of the stem increases to 3-4 cm. The buds appear on the 70-75th day after germination and are formed within 10-13 days. The maximum growth of the jute stem (5-6 cm per day) occurs in the period from the beginning of budding to flowering.

With the beginning of flowering, additional fruit-bearing branches are formed in the upper part of the stem. Jute flowers bloom at 10-12 hours and close after 4-5 hours. The next day, the flowers fade, and the development of the ovary begins, which lasts 16-20 days.

Jute is best cultivated on soils of medium texture, non-saline; its cultivation should be avoided both on heavy clay and sandy soils. It is not recommended to cultivate jute on soils with groundwater depth up to 70 cm.

Providing jute with nutrients should be carried out taking into account the content of available forms of nutrients in the root zone of the soil. To create 1-1,5 tons of fiber, 110-260 kg of nitrogen, 110-120 kg of phosphorus and 160-200 kg of potassium are required. Jute is especially resistant to potassium deficiency. Fertilizers are partially applied under plowing, and the rest - in the first half of the growing season.

When creating varieties of jute, the main attention is paid to their early maturity, high productivity and fiber quality. The introduction of early ripening forms into the culture allows growing up to 2-3 crops of jute stalks per year or 1 crop of jute and 1 crop of another crop (rice, potatoes, wheat, legumes). The best predecessors for jute are legumes, including clover and alfalfa.

Soil preparation for sowing jute is done carefully, since its seeds are very small and require shallow incorporation. In the tropical zone, several shallow plowings are carried out to a depth of up to 15 cm. On well-cultivated soils, deeper plowing is possible - up to 30 cm. Before plowing, organic fertilizers (up to 10 t / ha) are applied together with mineral fertilizers or only mineral fertilizers.

Sowing is carried out 1,5-2 months before the onset of heavy rains, so that during the period of moderate precipitation a deep root system is formed and the plants reach a height of 50-80 cm. When cultivating jute under irrigation, the main indicator of the onset of sowing time is temperature conditions.

It is desirable to shift the sowing date for a period with a shorter daylight hours. Round-fruited jute in the main areas of its cultivation (India and others) is sown in March - April, long-fruited - in April - May. When jute is cultivated in more northern regions, sowing is carried out at a soil temperature of 16-18 ° C.

When sowing, the seeds are mixed with sand and sown in a broadcast manner with harrows. Jute crops are more economical and productive with the help of manual and tractor seeders. At the same time, a more uniform distribution of seeds is achieved, their better and more uniform incorporation (by 1-3 cm), seed consumption is reduced (by 50% or more), and the cost of fiber production is reduced. The distance between rows with row sowing is from 30 to 50 cm, between plants - 7-12 cm.

It is possible to carry out sowing according to a 2-line scheme - 60x12.-5 cm. Seeding rates - from 5 to 13 kg/ha.

The most responsible period for jute care is the first half of the growing season, when the plants grow very slowly. At this time, from 3 to 6 loosening and weeding are carried out. Particular attention is paid to manual or chemical weeding of crops.

When irrigating jute, the number of irrigations varies from 3 to 6 at an irrigation rate of up to 800 m3/ha. In dry zones, the number of irrigations is increased to 8 and the rate to 800-1000 m3/ha, which leads to an increase in fiber collection. Irrigation is carried out along the furrows. The highest irrigation rates are up to 1000 m3/ha during the period of maximum jute growth.

Technical ripeness of jute occurs after the first box is formed. Seed maturation of the first box occurs 40-45 days after its formation. Jute harvesting for fiber is carried out in the phase of technical ripeness, when the first box is formed in 50% of plants. By the time of harvesting, there should be at least 1-300 thousand thin, non-branching plants per 400 ha, which have the most valuable fiber with the maximum length of elementary fibers.

Jute in most areas of cultivation is reaped with a sickle. Harvesting jute for seeds begins when 1-2 bolls are browned in 75% of plants. It is carried out in 3-5 days, otherwise there may be significant loss of seeds due to cracking of the boxes.

The stems cut into seeds are spread for 3-4 days, dried, tied into sheaves and then set in musts. Then the stems are dried for 2-3 days, after which they are wetted in running water for 30 days. The end of this process is judged by the ease of separation of the bark from the stem. After harvesting, the bast is manually separated from the stem and dried.

In the presence of scutching machines, watering is carried out 6-7 days before harvesting. After harvesting, the stems are passed through a machine, and then the bast is dried and transferred to a factory for further processing.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Jute. Legends, the birthplace of the plant, the history of distribution

It seems that it could be simpler than a bag in which bulk cargo is transported? But the bag also has its secrets.

For many years, burlap bags roamed Russia. They were made from a soft layer of linden bark - the same bast from which the peasants wove both bast shoes and washcloths.

The matting bags are good, but there is too much bast on them - you can transfer all the linden. Willy-nilly, I had to give up matting.

Many bags are made from hemp. Such bags are very durable - it seems that they will not be demolished. But here's the problem: they are not suitable for all products. They will pour granulated sugar into them, put them in the basement. And it's damp there. After a few days, the sand is unrecognizable: the grains of sand stuck together from moisture, turned into lumps.

The same thing will happen in a damp cellar or in the hold of a ship with salt, flour, and cement. Well, just a punishment with these bags: moisture freely penetrates through the burlap inside and spoils the food.

Long suffered with bags. They suffered big losses. Saved jute.

The birthplace of this tall, slender plant is India. If a horseman drives into a jute field, neither a horse nor a person will be seen - the ripe plants are so high.

The inhabitants of India are happy to eat jute leaves, and its fruits treat diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

But the main value of jute is the long and strong fibers contained in the stem. The burlap weaved from them perfectly absorbs moisture, but does not let it inside. Therefore, products stored in jute bags are not afraid of dampness.

Author: Osipov N.F.

Jute, Corchorus olitorius. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• To treat a cold: insist 1 tablespoon of dry jute leaves in a glass of boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Then drink the resulting infusion 2-3 times a day to reduce the symptoms of a cold.
• For the treatment of stomach diseases: grind a few jute leaves and insist them in a glass of water for 2-3 hours. Then drink the resulting infusion to improve digestion and reduce the symptoms of stomach diseases.
• For the treatment of skin diseases: crush a few jute leaves and apply on the affected areas of the skin to reduce inflammation and itching.
• To reduce muscle pain: insist 1 tablespoon of dry jute leaves in a glass of boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Then use this infusion to massage sore muscles to relieve pain.

Cosmetology:

• To moisturize the skin: crush a few jute leaves and mix them with honey. Apply the resulting mixture on the skin and leave for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with water to moisturize the skin.
• To reduce skin inflammation: crush a few jute leaves and mix them with tea tree oil. Apply the resulting mixture to the skin to reduce inflammation and irritation.
• To soothe the skin: insist 1-2 tablespoons of dry jute leaves in a glass of boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Then use this infusion for washing or as a tonic to soothe the skin.
• To improve skin texture: mix jute flour with honey and milk to make a paste. Apply the resulting paste to the skin and massage in circular motions to improve the texture and color of the skin.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Jute, Corchorus olitorius. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Jute (lat. Corchorus olitorius) is a herbaceous plant known for its fibers, which are used to make durable textile materials.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing jute:

Cultivation:

• Jute loves warm, humid and sunny places, so it is recommended to choose areas with good lighting and fertile soil for growing.
• Jute seeds are sown into the ground after the end of frost, to a depth of about 1,5 cm.
• Jute needs regular watering, especially during dry summers.
• 3-4 months after sowing, jute begins to bloom and form seed pods.

Workpiece:

• The stem of the plant is used to obtain jute fibers. It is harvested when it is mature, usually 4-5 months after sowing.
• The stalks of jute are cut above the ground, then left in the field for a few days to dry out and separate more easily from the leaves.
• The stems are then usually treated with special equipment to separate the fibers from the stem.
• The resulting fibers are washed and dried and then used for the production of textile materials.

Storage:

• Dry jute fibers are stored in a dry and cool place, protected from dust and sunlight.
• It is recommended that jute be stored in tightly sealed containers or bags to avoid contamination and moisture.

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