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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Blood-red hawthorn (blood-red hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn, glod). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Blood-red hawthorn (blood-red hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn, glod), Crataegus sanguinea. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Crataegus Family: Rosaceae (pink) Origin: Blood red hawthorn (Crataegus sanguinea) originates from Europe where it occurs naturally. Area: Blood-red hawthorn is common in many European countries. Chemical composition: Blood red hawthorn fruits contain many useful substances, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, acids, pectin and vitamins. In addition, the plant contains ascorbic acid (vitamin C), potassium, magnesium and iron. Economic value: Blood red hawthorn is used in medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. It has found use as a sedative and to improve sleep. Blood-red hawthorn fruits are also used to make compotes, jams and other desserts. As an ornamental plant, blood red hawthorn is grown in gardens and parks for its beautiful flowers and vibrant fruit. Legends, myths, symbolism: One legend says that the blood-red hawthorn arose from drops of blood shed by the hunter god who killed a deer at this place. From the drops of blood arose a tree with red berries that resemble drops of blood. Another legend is related to the fact that the blood-red hawthorn has healing properties. According to legend, when the Mongol invaders attacked the Siberian city, the locals used hawthorn berries as a medicine for wounded soldiers. As the wounds healed, the color of the berries became more and more blood red. Since then, the blood-red hawthorn has become a symbol of salvation and healing. Another legend is related to the fact that the blood-red hawthorn has magical properties and protects from evil spirits and damage. According to legend, if you hang a hawthorn branch at the entrance to the house, it will help ward off evil and protect against diseases.
Blood-red hawthorn (blood-red hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn, glod), Crataegus sanguinea. Description, illustrations of the plant Hawthorn. Legends, myths, history
The scientific name of the hawthorn indicates a strong wood (Greek krataois - strong). In ancient Greece, the hawthorn was dedicated to Chloe, Hekate, Flora and Hymen, the patron god of marriages. The Greeks believed that Hymen was invisibly present at every wedding, lighting the way for the newlyweds with a torch. The wreath of hawthorn in his hands symbolizes hope for their well-being. The ancient Slavs had a legend about a girl whose blond hair was often adorned with a wreath of hawthorn. Her white face is bathed in the dawn, and her severe eyes are brighter than the green of an unripe hawthorn. And she valued fidelity, purity and reciprocity above all virtues. She had a betrothed; and from day to day matchmakers were waiting in the house. The villagers often met a girl in a hawthorn wreath: in spring - with white flowers, and in autumn - with red berries. Unfortunately, the growing beauty was admired not only by the villagers, but also by the grandson of Genghis Khan, the future Batukhan. For several days he tried to talk to her, lured her into a rich yurt, but to no avail: the girl was engaged to a blue-eyed Russian. Batu could not resist. Vorovsky tracked down the Russian woman and rushed to her. The girl was not afraid. She pressed her back against the hawthorn and snatched a dagger from under the shushpan. And when Batu nevertheless approached her, she stabbed herself in the chest with a dagger and fell on a hawthorn bush. In her honor, young girls in Rus' began to be called hawks, and young women - boyars. In the Middle Ages, many superstitions were associated with hawthorn in European countries. For example, in medieval England, villagers were horrified if they were to spend the night in a room decorated with hawthorn flowers; it was believed that this would lead to the death of one of the household members. In our time, the British are happy to use hawthorn as a reliable material for creating hedges. The Germans used hawthorn wood for mourning fires, as they believed that this would help the souls of the dead go to heaven. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Hawthorn. Legends and tales
According to Russian legend, there lived in a village a girl with a complexion similar to the snowfall drenched in the dawn, and with strict green eyes, similar to the fruits of a ripening hawthorn; fidelity, purity and reciprocity she valued above all virtues. In the mornings, the girl loved to pick flowers and herbs, skillfully made bouquets of them, an important component in which were flowers, leaves and hawthorn berries. And why shouldn't the hawthorn reign in the bouquet, when its flowers are like children's credulity, and red berries warn of how dangerous it is to encroach on this credulity. The villagers often met a girl in a white-petal hawthorn wreath and rejoiced at how well the flowers dotted with dots of yellowish pistils combined with the freckles of her spiritual face. In autumn, they saw a girl in a crown of red berries, which seemed to emphasize the anxiety of youth and at the same time was similar to innocent tears. And once they were completely surprised when they saw her in the spring entwined with a wreath of hawthorn flowers, which was overshadowed by a canvas of bright red berries, harvested by the girl for future use since autumn. Unfortunately, not only the villagers admired the growing beauty, but also the grandson of Genghis Khan, the future Batu Khan. For several days he unsuccessfully tried to enter into a conversation with the girl, lured her into a rich yurt, but the young woman refused all persuasion: three months ago she was engaged to a blue-eyed Rusich and was expecting matchmakers from day to day. Batu could not resist. Vorovsky tracked down the girl and followed on his heels. The girl was not afraid. She pressed her back against the hawthorn and snatched a dagger from under the shushpan. And when Batu did not stop. And before that, she hit herself painfully in the chest and rolled down to the foot of the plant. No one remembers now what the name of the young Russian woman was, but they know that in her honor young girls were called in Rus' hawthorns, young ladies, and young women boyars. And since that sad day, flowers, greenery, crimson and hawthorn berries have been traced in the colors and ornaments of the Slavs for a long time in the headdresses and women's clothes of the Slavs. The words "hawthorn", "boyar", "hawthorn" are very close in their sound. No wonder Vladimir Ivanovich Dal in the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" in the proverb "A hawthorn is good, but not in front of a boyar's house" puts them side by side. According to the ancient Celtic tradition, the hawthorn was the tree of the deity of winter and darkness; Olven's father, who, because of his long and heavy eyelashes, could not see until he, like the Slavic Wii, was lifted with a pitchfork. The ancient Celts considered the plant a tree of forced chastity and demanded love abstinence from young people until the full bloom of the hawthorn, that is, until the month of May ... In May, the flowering hawthorn became a symbol of love and love ritual festivities. In ancient Greece, branches of hawthorn were burned on the altars of Hymen, the deity of a happy marriage, and the bride was showered and decorated with flowers. in the left and a wreath of hawthorn in the right hand. The ancient Greek physician Dioscorides left many recipes for using the medicinal properties of hawthorn, and mainly in the treatment of the heart, for which hawthorn is sometimes called "Dioscorides' panacea." There are many ornamental plants among more than one thousand two hundred species of hawthorn. The terry form of prickly hawthorn is very popular. During the flowering period, this tree is covered with numerous bright red flowers, and if it is in open space, it becomes visible for many hundreds of meters. The soft hawthorn, relocated in 1830 to Europe from North America, is not inferior to it in beauty. Another North American species is also common - the cockspur hawthorn. The plant received this peculiar name because of the long curved thorns covering the shoots. Our ancestors used it to make hedges that were more reliable than any fence. Author: Krasikov S.
Hawthorn blood red. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
As a wild plant, it is not often found. Shrub or tree up to 4 m high, occasionally 10-12 m, with spreading crown, strong wood. Young branches are purple-brown, shiny, occasionally covered with thick spines up to 4 cm long. Leaves from 2 to 6 cm, lobed, not densely pubescent on both sides, dark green in summer, orange-red by autumn. Blossoms in May - June, 3-4 days, quickly fades. Flowers with white or slightly pink petals, collected in corymbose inflorescences, 4-5 cm in diameter, tart, bitter taste, unpleasant odor. Fruits - spherical berries with a diameter of 8-10 cm, blood-red or orange, pink, yellow, even black, fleshy, with mealy pulp, 3-4 seeds, hanging in tassels on long legs, edible, sour in taste, ripen in September - October. Begins to bear fruit at 10-15 years of age. The plant is drought and frost-resistant, shade-tolerant, unpretentious to the soil, lives 300-400 years. Hawthorn fruits contain vitamins C, K, E, carotene, organic acids, tannins, pectin, dyes, sorbitol, essential and fatty oils, saponins, carbohydrates, choline, sitosterols, leaves - essential oil, organic acids, phytoncides, flowers - essential oil, saponins, organic acids, flavonoids, etc. For economic purposes, wood and hawthorn roots are used. The wood is used to make a wide variety of items of great strength, turning products, tool handles, etc. A harmless, persistent yellow dye can be obtained from the roots. Foresters, gardeners grow hawthorn as a prickly decorative fence. Gardeners use the plant as a dwarf rootstock on which cultivated pears are grafted. Ripe fruits of blood-red hawthorn are used in nutrition - they satisfy hunger, give strength, increase the body's endurance to physical exertion. Jam, jam, jelly, compotes, marmalade, etc. are cooked from fresh fruits, and from dried fruits they prepare a surrogate for coffee, tea, flour for baking bread. Hawthorn gravy. Boil ripe fruits in water until softened, put in a colander or sieve. When the water drains, mash the berries, add sugar or honey, mix thoroughly. Serve with pancakes, casseroles, cereals, pancakes. 500 g of hawthorn fruit, 25 g of sugar, 400 ml of water, honey to taste. Hawthorn with sugar. Blanch the fruits for 2-3 minutes, wipe through a sieve or colander, add sugar, heat to a temperature of 70-80 ° C. Put the mass into sterilized jars, cover with lids and sterilize: half-liter jars - 20, liter - 30 minutes, then tightly seal them up. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 300-500 g of sugar. Hawthorn juice. Rinse the berries, pour a small amount of water and cook over low heat for about 2 hours. Then rub them through a sieve, add sugar, water to the juice, heat to a boil and cool. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 50 g of sugar, 1 liter of water. Hawthorn drink with kvass. Boil ripe berries in water until softened, drain in a colander. When the water drains, mash the berries, mix with kvass concentrate, add boiled water, honey, ice cubes. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 100 g of kvass concentrate, 800 ml of water, honey to taste. Hawthorn drink with oatmeal broth. Keep the hawthorn fruits in a warm oven until softened, then rub them through a sieve, add a decoction of oatmeal, sugar and mix. For oatmeal broth, pour oatmeal with water for 12 hours, then bring to a boil, strain through cheesecloth or a thick sieve. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 300 g of oatmeal flakes, 3 liters of water, 100 g of sugar. Hawthorn compote. Ripe hawthorn fruits without seeds pour 30% sugar syrup for 8-10 hours. Then drain the syrup, bring to a boil. Arrange the fruits in sterilized jars, pour boiling syrup, cover with lids and pasteurize at a temperature of 75 ° C: half-liter jars - 15, liter - 20 minutes. Seal jars tightly. Hawthorn jam. Boil the fruits in a small amount of water until softened, rub through a sieve, add water, sugar, mix and cook over low heat until jam is thick. Pour the mass into sterilized jars, cover with lids. Store in a dark cool place. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 500 g of sugar, 250 ml of water. Hawthorn stuffing for pies. In hawthorn puree, add crushed apples, sugar and cook over low heat for 5-10 minutes. Nuts can be added to the hawthorn filling. 500 g hawthorn puree, 200-300 g apples, 50 g sugar, 50-100 g nuts. Pastila from hawthorn. Prepare puree from hawthorn fruits, mix with sugar, spread the mass in a layer of 1-1,5 cm on wooden trays and dry in a warm oven or a heated stove. Pastila can be prepared without sugar. 1 kg hawthorn puree, 200 g sugar. Candied hawthorn. Mature hawthorn fruits roll in powdered sugar or sand, put in a glass dish. Tapping the bottom of the jar on a soft bedding, compact the fruits, add more, cover with sugar with a layer of more than 5 cm, cover with gauze. After 2-2,5 months, the hawthorn will be ready. Hawthorn jam with malt. Boil hawthorn fruits in water until softened, put in a colander, wipe, add sugar, malt, water and cook over low heat until the jam thickens, stirring occasionally. At the end of cooking, add citric acid. 1 kg of hawthorn puree, 500 g of malt, 500 g of sugar, / g of citric acid, 1 liter of water. Jam from hawthorn with apples. Stew hawthorn fruits in a small amount of water over low heat or in the oven for 50 minutes, rub through a sieve, mix with applesauce, sugar and cook until the consistency of jam. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 1 kg of apples, 500 g of sugar, 1 liter of water. Candy from hawthorn. Thoroughly mix hawthorn fruit puree with starch and sugar, spread on a wooden board with a layer of 1-2 cm, cut into pieces of various shapes. Sprinkle each piece with powdered sugar, air dry, put in glass jars, cover with parchment paper or plastic lids. 1 kg of hawthorn puree, 400 g of sugar, 100 g of starch, 50 g of powdered sugar. Jelly from hawthorn. Boil hawthorn fruits in water, squeeze, add sugar and cook over low heat until two-thirds of the original volume remains. Pour the hot mass into sterilized jars, cover with lids and pasteurize at a temperature of 85 ° C: half-liter jars - 15, liter - 20 minutes. Seal jars tightly. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 1 kg of sugar. Hawthorn puree. Rinse ripe hawthorn fruits with cold water, boil in water until softened and rub through a sieve. Pour the hot mass into sterilized jars. Store in a dark, cool place. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 200-400 ml of water. Hawthorn jam. Pour hawthorn fruits with sugar syrup and cook over low heat until tender. At the end of cooking, you can add citric acid. 1 kg of hawthorn fruit, 1 kg of sugar, 1 g of citric acid.
In folk medicine, flowers, leaves, fruits, bark of young hawthorn branches are used. Preparations from them lower blood pressure, improve heart function, normalize its rhythm, coronary and cerebral circulation, sleep, have a therapeutic effect in case of rush of blood to the head, atherosclerosis. Infusion of hawthorn flowers. Steep 50 g of flowers in 600 ml of boiling water for 30 minutes, then strain. Drink 200 ml 3 times a day for hypertension, dizziness, palpitations. Infusion of hawthorn fruit. Infuse 25 g of fruits in 200 ml of boiling water for 4 hours in a thermos, then strain. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day before meals for insomnia, general weakness, hypertension. Infusion of hawthorn flowers and other herbs. Grind 25 g of hawthorn flowers and cudweed grass, mix thoroughly. Infuse 25 g of the mixture in 200 ml of boiling water for 2 hours. Strain and drink 50 ml 2-3 times a day before meals for hypertension, inflammation of the kidneys, bladder, pain in the heart. Tea with hawthorn. Flowers and fruits of hawthorn, fruits and leaves of black currant, rose hips, fruits and leaves of wild strawberries are taken in equal quantities, chopped, mixed thoroughly. Brew like tea. Drink 150-200 ml 3 times a day for dizziness, hypertension, atherosclerosis, insomnia, heart neurosis, increased thyroid function. Hawthorn is part of the drug "Cardiovalen", in cardiac and renal fees. Contraindications: severe disorders of cardiac activity, kidneys. It is possible to harvest hawthorn only with the permission of foresters, gardeners, local pharmacies, and procurement organizations. The flowers are harvested at the beginning of flowering, when they have not yet all blossomed, after the dew has dried. They are laid out on bedding in a thin layer and dried in the shade or in a well-ventilated room, in a draft, periodically turning over. Dried inflorescences or flowers are yellowish-white, calyxes are greenish, with a slight peculiar smell, bitter taste. Hawthorn fruits are harvested ripe in September - October, dried in the air or in an oven, dryers, ovens at a temperature not exceeding 50 ° C. Dried fruits are wrinkled, hard, dark red or brownish-orange, sometimes with a whitish sugar coating, weak smell, bitter or slightly sour-sweet taste. The plant propagates by seeds, root offspring, cuttings. It takes root well, does not require care. Store raw materials in plywood boxes lined with thick paper inside. The shelf life of flowers is up to 2 years, fruits - up to 8 years. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A.
Blood-red hawthorn (blood-red hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn, glod), Crataegus sanguinea. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The Latin name of the genus Crataegus comes from two Greek words "cratos" - strength, strength and "gigos" - to lead and, apparently, reflects the hardness of the wood and the presence of thorns that serve as a means of protection, or the plant's ability to live long - the age of the hawthorn may reach 300 years. Tall shrub, rarely a small tree, 1-4 (up to 6) m high, with a trunk up to 10 cm in diameter, covered with dark brown or brown-gray bark. Branches blood red or dark, shiny; young shoots are sparsely hairy, then glabrous. Spines straight, hard, thick, 1,5-4(5) cm long, about 2 mm thick, dark red, few or completely absent on young shoots. Lentils on branches and shoots are whitish, round. The core is white. The core rays are barely visible. It grows slowly, but lives up to 200-300 years. Kidneys ovoid, obtuse, 4-6 mm long; lateral oblong-ovate, pointed, completely glabrous. The scales of the kidneys are dark red, shiny, with a wide light brown border. The leaf scar is slightly curved, with three traces, which are points elongated along the scars. Stipules crescent-shaped or oblique-heart-shaped, large-glandular-toothed, remaining on the shoots for a long time. The leaves are alternate, ovate, obovate or broadly rhombic, with a sharp apex and a wedge-shaped, entire base, shallow three-seven-shallow-lobed or large-toothed, with three to five serrate lobes; on short shoots - 3-6 cm long, 2,5-5 cm wide; on long ones - sometimes more deeply lobed, occasionally almost separate at the base, up to 10 cm long, on both sides, less often only from below, sparsely hairy, dark green above, much lighter below. Petioles 0,5-2 cm long. Stipules crescent-shaped or oblique-heart-shaped, coarsely glandular-toothed. Inflorescences are corymbose, dense, many-flowered, 3-4 cm long, 4-5 cm wide, glabrous or with slightly hairy pedicels, with falling filiform bracts. Flowers with double perianth, bisexual, 12-15 mm in diameter. Sepals oblong-triangular, entire or with one or two teeth, recurved after flowering. Corollas separate-petaled, yellowish-white. There are twenty stamens, with purple anthers and with two to five, most often with three to four columns. The pistil consists of three to five carpels fused with a concave receptacle. Blooms profusely in early summer for 10-12 days. The pollen is bright yellow. Fruits are almost spherical or short ellipsoidal, 8-10 mm in diameter, blood-red, very rarely orange-yellow, mature transparent, with remaining calyx, with powdery flesh. Fruit type - apple. Stones 2-5 in number (according to the number of pistils), 5-7 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, sinuously ribbed on the dorsal side, depressed laterally, unevenly sinuously wrinkled, keeled on the ventral side. In 1 kg there are 2 thousand fruits, or 45,5 thousand seeds; weight of 1 thousand seeds 17-26 g. Fruits in September-October. It spreads with the help of birds (ornithochory). Euro-Siberian type of range, its length from west to east exceeds 5000 km. Russia: the east of the European part, Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia, Transbaikalia; as well as Kazakhstan, Central Asia, China and Mongolia. Grows in sparse dry forests, forest edges and clearings. More abundant in the forest-steppe zone, along river floodplains. The chemical composition of dried raw materials is very complex and rich, and has not yet been fully studied. The leaves of the plant contain crategolic, acantholic, neotegolic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ursolic acids, hyperoside, quercetin, vitexin rhamnoside, vitexin and essential oil (up to 0,16%). Hawthorn flowers contain flavonoids (quercetin, quercitrin), carotenoids, tannins, essential oil, acetylcholine, choline and trimethylamine, oleanolic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, hyperoside, quercetin. Amygdalin, hyperoside and fatty oil were found in the seeds; in the cortex - glycoside esculin (krategin). Hawthorn fruits contain flavonoids (quercetin, hyperin, vitexin), tannins, organic acids (citric, stearic, palmitic, oleanolic, ursolic, crategus, coffee, chlorogenic), carotenoids, tannins, fatty oils, pectins, triterpene and flavone glycosides , nitrogen-containing compounds (choline, acetylcholine), sugars, vitamins K, E, ascorbic acid. The fruits are used to make jelly and jam, as well as a surrogate for tea and coffee. Added to the dough to give a pleasant fruity smell.
Hawthorn. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
Hawthorn grows along the edges of deciduous forests of the temperate zone of Russia, many species are known in Central Asia, the foothills. In Russia, 39 species of hawthorn grow wildly, and in Ukraine - 28 species. Depending on the type, the fruits are red, yellow, pink, orange, black. In late autumn, when the leaves on the branches turn yellow and fall off, the hawthorn bushes on the forest edge stand out brightly with red spots, not inferior in attractiveness to mountain ash. Hawthorn fruits are rich in sugars, starch, pectin and therefore seem somewhat dry in taste. There are also organic acids in fruits - citric, tartaric, crategus, amygdalin. Ripe hawthorn fruits are rubbed, seeds are selected, and therapeutic, nourishing and tonic masks are prepared from the resulting puree, which remove wrinkles, skin fatigue, roughness, acne and porosity. A small amount of cream, sour cream or egg yolk and honey must be added to the crushed hawthorn fruits. Hawthorn fruits are harvested for future use, drying them first in a ventilated room and drying them in an oven or a Russian oven. The fruits contain sugars (up to 10-15%), malic acid, tannic, coloring, pectin and other organic substances that stimulate the blood circulation of the skin, soften and tone the work of blood vessels, and give elasticity to the fibers. In the Caucasus and in the steppe part of the Crimea, jelly is boiled from hawthorn fruits, canned with sugar. In the Caucasus, the fruits are dried and ground into sweet flour, from which pancakes are baked, fillings for pies are prepared, added to wheat flour, making homemade cookies. Dry flowers and fruits are used to make medicinal tea, decoctions that help with cardiovascular diseases, calm the nervous system. In field-protective forest plantations and forest belts, artificial forests, there are various imported species of hawthorn, which gradually run wild. Forestry workers, mastering the inconvenience, are trying to create more wild fruit and berry plants in the created forest plantations, which will not only protect the fields from destructive dry winds, but also serve as a food base for birds. Author: Reva M.L.
Blood red hawthorn, Crataegus sanguinea Pall. Description, habitats, nutritional value, culinary use
Hawthorn is a shrub or tree up to 5-6 m high from the Rosaceae family. The bark on shoots and branches is purple-brown. The leaves are three- or seven-lobed, toothed, dark green in summer and orange-red in autumn. The flowers are white with purple anther spots, collected in inflorescences. Fruits are berry-shaped, spherical or slightly oval, blood-red, with 2-4 seeds up to 10 mm in diameter, ripen in September. On thin shoots there are thorns-thorns 3-4 cm long. The hawthorn grows along the forest edges, among the bushes. It is bred as an ornamental plant and honey plant, less often as a fruit plant. Hawthorn fruits contain flavonoids (up to 3%), organic acids (citric and tartaric), carotene (2-11 and even up to 30 mg%), vitamin C (from 25 to 375 mg%), choline, essential oil, fructose, dyes, sorbitol, fats, sitosterols and tannins. The yield of fruits from one plant ranges from 1 to 51 kg. A good harvest is 5-10 kg of fruit per plant. When growing hawthorn, plantations usually host about 600 plants. In this case, the yield can be very significant and ranges from 0,04 to 36,8 tons per hectare. When introduced into culture, preference is given to the seed method: plants adapt better to environmental conditions, are viable; the cost of planting material is much lower. Hawthorn can be used for landscaping streets, gardens, parks and squares. Flowers and fruits of hawthorn have long been used in medicine and nutrition, the bark is used to obtain dyes. Of particular interest are fruits for medical and dietary nutrition, for expanding the range of products (additives to bread, fillings for pies, jam base, marshmallows, mashed potatoes). At home, various drinks, jelly, jams, marshmallows are prepared from hawthorn fruits. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Blood red hawthorn, Crataegus sanguinea. reference Information
Family Rosaceae, class Dicotyledonous, department Angiosperms. Hawthorn - an inhabitant of forest edges, thickets of shrubs, can also settle along the banks of forest rivers. The whole plant, with the exception of young shoots, is covered with large spines. The leaves are three-lobed (rarely five-lobed), arranged alternately. White regular flowers are collected in an inflorescence-shield. The flowers have a structure typical of rosaceae: a five-petaled corolla, below - a five-parted calyx. The flower has one pistil with 2-3 columns, and there are many stamens. The fruit is a small red apple. The life expectancy of a hawthorn is 200-300 years. Hawthorn may look like a shrub or a small tree up to 4 m. The shoots are covered with purple-brown bark, which, combined with the dark green of the leaves, makes the whole plant very beautiful. Previously, hawthorn bark and leaves were used to dye fabrics in red-brown tones. Despite the fact that the yellowish-white hawthorn flowers do not have a very pleasant, specific smell, they are visited by insects. Hawthorn is a good honey plant. The plant blooms at the end of May, blooms throughout June, and the fruits ripen in September and do not crumble for a long time. They serve as good food for wintering birds in the middle latitudes. Up to 80% of the weight of the fruit is juicy pulp. Hawthorn is a medicinal plant, drugs are prescribed for cardiovascular diseases. The fruits are used to make compotes, jellies, jelly, marmalades. Hawthorn has strong and durable wood. Authors: Kozlova T.A., Sivoglazov V.I.
Hawthorn. Interesting plant facts
Attractive-looking hawthorn. Glossy carved leaves dress the tree thickly and elegantly. The fruits sit on branches in bunches of ten to twenty berries, gleaming with bright red skin. But it is worth stretching out a hand behind them, as you stumble upon a thorn. The spines of the hawthorn are long, like sewing needles, and just as sharp. They are almost invisible between the leaves. Hawthorn berries only look good. They taste mealy, like overripe apples. But hawthorn hedges are excellent. Hawthorn tolerates a haircut well, it turns out a smooth prickly wall. Hawthorns are of different types. There are a lot of them, more than a hundred. In the Far East, for example, hawthorn grows, whose flowers smell like herring. In Central Asia, there is a hawthorn, whose trunk is thicker than that of a pine. The fruits are large, like a walnut, tasty and smell like strawberries. Author: Smirnov A.
Hawthorn. The value of the plant, the procurement of raw materials, the use in traditional medicine and cooking
The hawthorn is mentioned in the Russian riddle; "The tree is curly, and the claws of the wolf." Who surrounds the garden with hawthorn may not acquire a fence. Neither livestock, nor hares, nor mischievous boys will penetrate such a garden. Moreover, green protection will serve regularly for more than one human life. With wolf claws, the tree is long-lived, trunks of 400 years old come across. Outwardly, they look unsightly, like an old apple tree, although they are the same age as an oak that has reached gigantic proportions. But what are the benefits of hawthorn? Songbirds settle in its curly thorny branches every spring. Only here they will not be touched by a predator, whether it be a sharp-eyed hawk or an insidious cat. The merciless stings of the thorns will discourage any intruder from diving and climbing into the crown. So the songbirds with their broods chirp carelessly here. But where there are many small birds, insects do not spoil plantings and crops. You don’t have to spray the garden with chemicals there, and in the gardens you don’t get enough juicy vegetables. The feathered guard reliably observes the interests of the owner. And is hawthorn good for that alone? Of course no. Boyarka flowers - as the clawed shrub is also called - soothe nerves, cure cardiovascular disorders. The healing power of hawthorn is so great that its flowers are included in the indispensable pharmacopoeial collection, appointed to replenish pharmaceutical raw materials. Curly tree apples are edible, they are plucked for the duration of jelly and jam, and dried and ground, they have long been considered a help to bread. Hawthorn flour gives the dough a pleasant fruity flavor. "Khlebnitsa" - the peasants respectfully called the boyar woman. It will help with crop shortages, and when there is plenty of everything, it will feast on it. The bark is also useful - it was used for dyeing fabrics in a cheerful red color. Boyarka wood is strong, viscous, iridescent - suitable for all kinds of carpentry crafts. They sharpen toys and artistic dishes from it. About 50 species of hawthorns are known. And they grow everywhere except the Far North. Green watchmen of gardens and nurseries is their general purpose. But with wolf claws the bushes still tame the dry winds in the windbreaks; tenaciously hold the necks of ravines, preventing soil erosion; regularly adorn the edges and glades, green river banks and mountain slopes. In the city, the hawthorn "made friends" with the lattices of squares and palace fences, in parks and squares, he seemed to stand guard around the lawns. With the help of a haircut, the hawthorn always looks neat and attractive. The most interesting type of hawthorn is crimson hawthorn, with blood-red fruits. By the color of the fruit, it is often called so - blood-red hawthorn. It is found not only along the edges of light deciduous forests, but also near rivers overgrown with dense shrub vegetation, and on mountain slopes, often thoroughly burnt and only in some places decorated with whirlwinds of thorny bushes. There are especially many blood-red shrubs in gardens and parks, where it has been tamed since ancient times as an addition to fruit trees and berries, as well as a very resistant plant. By itself, this hawthorn is foldable, but not tall, it grows into a shrub or a small tree, 3-5 meters in height, in a wild state it happens a lot east of the Volga, in Siberia, as well as in Central Asian cities and towns. Cultivated forms are ubiquitous. Feels great and bears fruit well in the middle tier of the forest, but does not shy away from open places, such as edges, right-of-way and mountain slopes, stitched with stubborn thicket. The crimson hawthorn blooms late, because it wakes up almost later than other shrubs. Already spring is running out, but he is still standing naked, nondescript. But finally, the branches dressed up in white flowers, cheered up, and round shields of inflorescences obscured the bare crown reinforcement. As flowering grows, the leaves also grow, each plate is a rhombus, uneven at the edges. In small fragrant flowers and growing leaves, the boyarka competes in beauty with blooming mountain ash and even with lilac, fragrant at the same time. Hawthorn flowers are harvested completely open, in buds they do not dry well and turn brown. Properly dried flower collection consists of yellowish-white corollas and a greenish calyx. Pedicels are allowed no longer than a fingernail. The collection has a slight odor and a bitter taste. Store dried color in a box lined with paper. In summer, the hawthorn gradually picks up fruits. Blush they will pour only in September, and until that time they are indistinguishable from foliage in color. The berries turn red, the leaves turn red. In October, the shrub sheds its rhombuses, and the branches appear entirely plastered with luxurious tassels. In each brush - a handful of small apples. They are also round, like large peas, and oblong, like bean seeds. It is unlikely that anyone will dare to eat these fruits fresh - they are not sweet and mealy. But stocking them for future use is useful for the home. Boyarka fruits are rich in acids - malic and citric, they contain sugars, tannins, essential oils and vitamins. No wonder this product has been harvested since ancient times: it is suitable for the production of fruit teas and a coffee surrogate. Pressed bricks of "raspberry" berry tea give a good infusion of the drink, have a pleasant taste, are nutritious and healthy. And here is how homemade hawthorn blanks are made. For jam, the selected and washed fruits are placed in a saucepan, then half a glass of water is added there and put on fire. Cook until berries soften. The broth is poured into a separate bowl, and the fruits are rubbed through a colander. When rubbing the fruit, the seeds and skin of the boyarka will be separated from the pulp and removed, and the mashed mass is mixed with sugar and the previously drained broth (granulated sugar is taken in equal weight ratios to the berry mass). After that, the mixture is boiled again, bringing it to the density of sour cream. The taste of jam will improve if you add a little citric acid to it during cooking. An original among household supplies will be a jar of hawthorn mashed with sugar. To do this, the mashed fruit pulp is mixed with sugar (half a kilogram of sand per kilogram of puree), and then laid out in hot jars for pasteurization. Before capping, filled jars are kept in boiling water for 20-25 minutes. Capping is carried out by a manual seaming machine. Glass lids with rubber seals are adjusted prior to pasteurization. And yet, the main part of the crimson hawthorn crop is not used for food, but for pharmaceutical purposes. From these fruits, pharmacists receive healing infusions and extracts that relieve ailments from hypotension and heart disease. Hawthorn is cut off before frost, in early October. The fruits are plucked in the hands, after which the stalks are removed. At the same time, unripe berries are also discarded. The collection is dried in ovens or in the open air. With frequent stirring, the fruits do not stick together into lumps, and the raw materials are of higher quality. The hawthorn dries out by weight four times. The finished medicinal product consists of wrinkled dark red fruits containing no more than 14 percent moisture. Only a well-dried collection can be stored without bad consequences. And the shelf life of the medicinal product is determined - up to eight years. In addition to the crimson boyarka with blood-red fruits and shiny brown bark, common hawthorn is also common in plantations, with thin straight spines up to two and a half centimeters in length (crimson is twice as long): Its leaves are divided into lobes (from 3 to 5), flowers white or pinkish, fruits are round. Wild hawthorn grows in Transcarpathia, is bred throughout the south of Ukraine. It is propagated, like other hawthorns, either by seeds or shoots from a stump, but it can be root offspring and layering. Fruits are acquired from the age of ten. And lives as much as an oak. Undemanding to soils, but responsive to fresh and fertile ones. He loves illuminated areas, however, this is a common feature of all hawthorns. In the Caucasus and in the Crimea, the eastern hawthorn will be found in the wild. It gives flattened large fruits-pyshechki. Painted in red-orange color, the taste of "dumplings" is sweet, with a pleasant sourness. Bushes are formed powerful, sometimes they look like small trees. The Pontian hawthorn is even more powerful, its trunks reach a height of 10 meters. It does not have thorns, but it pours the sweetest and, perhaps, the largest apples. They are greenish-yellow in color and juicy in texture. The original type of hawthorn is a cockspur. Its spikes are so large that you rarely see them in nature. Imagine: on the branches they reach 12, and on the trunks and all 20 centimeters! Not spikes, but long awls. The cock spur menacingly guards its property. And it is enclosed in hawthorn in oblong whole leaves and, of course, in fruits. By the way, its fruits are greenish, sometimes dull red, covered with a bluish bloom on top. It would be possible to tell more about some hawthorns, each of them has something interesting. Take, for example, the single-petal hawthorn. Its distinctive feature - two-color leaves - immediately catches the eye: the top of the leaf is dark olive and shiny, the bottom is light green and whitish from a wax coating. The thorns of the single-pistil hawthorn are small, fruits with one stone, inedible. Discussing the edible properties each time, we want to warn readers that there are species with poisonous fruits among hawthorns. Such is the dubious hawthorn, whose berries are dangerous to humans. Modern pharmacy is increasingly focusing on the preparation of medicines from plants. Among the famous suppliers of healing substances that alleviate people's ailments, for many years there have been clawed shrubs - crimson hawthorn and prickly hawthorn. It is their flowers and fruits that give the extract, which is part of cardivalen, a drug well known to heart patients. Author: Strizhev A.N.
Hawthorn blood red. Basic information about the plant, use in medicine
Tree-like shrub of the rose family. Cultivated as an ornamental plant. Blood-red hawthorn fruits contain sugars (up to 10%), organic acids (malic, crategus, citric, tartaric, etc.), tannins, phytosterols, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, carotene (0,5 mg%), choline , vitamin C (up to 30 mg%), fatty oils. The fruits are candied, used to make jam, jelly, coffee and tea surrogates. Flour from dried fruits is sometimes added to the dough - bread with a fruity flavor is obtained. Flowers contain flavonoids (hyperoside, quercetin, vitexin), essential oil, organic acids. For medicinal purposes, a tincture of flowers, a liquid extract of fruits (part of the complex cardiac preparation cardiovalen and others) are used to enhance contraction of the heart muscle, normalize the rhythm of cardiac activity, and increase blood circulation. Treatment with hawthorn helps to lower blood cholesterol levels, relieves discomfort in the heart area, reduces the excitability of the central nervous system, increases blood circulation in the coronary vessels of the heart and brain vessels, eliminates tachycardia and arrhythmia, lowers blood pressure somewhat, improves sleep. Tincture of hawthorn flowers with spasms of blood vessels is much more effective than tincture of fruits. Plant preparations are used for functional disorders of cardiac activity, cardiac weakness, angioedema, in the initial form of hypertension, insomnia, with increased thyroid function. Similarly, prickly hawthorn, Ukrainian hawthorn, single-petal hawthorn, five-petal hawthorn, curved hawthorn, or bent-sepal hawthorn are used. In folk medicine, prickly hawthorn was mainly used. Its use for medicinal purposes has been known since the time of Dioscorides. In the past, flowers and fruits of prickly hawthorn were used for insomnia, dizziness, shortness of breath, heart disease, rheumatism, edema, atherosclerosis, migraine, mental disorders in menopause, epilepsy; bark of young branches - as an anti-febrile and astringent. Hawthorn is used in homeopathy. There is information about the desensitizing effect of prickly hawthorn. It gives good results in allergic diseases. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Blood-red hawthorn (blood-red hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn, glod), Crataegus sanguinea. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Blood-red hawthorn (blood-red hawthorn, Siberian hawthorn, glod), Crataegus sanguinea. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Blood red hawthorn (Crataegus sanguinea) is a tree or shrub that can be grown in the garden or home garden. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing blood red hawthorn: Cultivation:
Preparation and storage:
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