|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Apricot ordinary. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common apricot, Prunus armeniaca. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Prunus Family: Pink (Rosaceae) Origin: The homeland of the apricot is China, from where the plant was brought to Ancient Rome, and then spread throughout the world. Area: Common apricot is grown in temperate and subtropical climatic zones of many countries of the world, including China, Japan, Italy, Turkey, Iran, the USA and others. Chemical composition: Apricots contain vitamins A, C, E, K, as well as B vitamins, carotenoids (beta-carotene), minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron), dietary fiber and antioxidants. Economic value: Apricots are used in the food industry for the production of jams, preserves, juices, as well as in cooking to create various dishes. In addition, apricots are used medicinally as they contain antioxidants that help prevent oxidative stress and reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease. Legends, myths, symbolism: In China, apricot is considered a symbol of youth and female beauty, as well as happiness and wealth. In India, apricots are associated with the god Shiva, who, according to legend, fell to the ground and turned into an apricot tree. In Iran and other countries in the Middle East, apricots are associated with health and healing of various diseases. In some cultures, apricots also symbolize love, fertility, and harvest. In painting, apricots are often depicted as a symbol of fertility and life.
Common apricot, Prunus armeniaca. Description, illustrations of the plant Apricot, Armeniaca Lam. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Tree 5-10 m high, with a wide rounded crown. The leaves are rounded heart-shaped or rounded, pointed at the apex, shiny. Flowers solitary or grouped, on short stalks, white or pink. The fruit is a one-seeded drupe with a juicy edible pericarp, with a pronounced longitudinal furrow. The stone is very hard, elongated, easily separated from the pulp; bitter core. Blooms in April. Apricots are native to the mountainous regions of China. It was introduced into culture over 2000 years ago. Through Central and Asia Minor, the apricot came to Armenia, where it began to be widely cultivated. From there it was brought to Greece under the name of the Armenian apple. Later, apricots were grown in Italy, France and Spain. Many apricot varieties are known, differing in sugar content, size, color, fruit aroma and other properties, but our Central Asian varieties are considered the best. Apricot is a drought-resistant, photophilous, heat-tolerant crop. Prefers light clay and sandy loam soils, non-saline. Frost can withstand up to 27 ° C, but spring frosts are detrimental to a flowering plant. Apricots are propagated by seeds and grafting. Wild apricot seedlings are used as rootstock. In autumn, one- and two-year-old seedlings are planted in pits (fertilizers are applied to the soil in advance). During the month, the trees are regularly watered. Plants achieve their greatest growth in the first five to six years. During this period, every spring they are cut to strengthen the roots and form a compact crown, fertilize and water. Apricot begins to bear fruit from the age of four. By maturity, its varieties are divided into early, medium and late. Early ones ripen at the end of June, late ones - in August. The tree lives and bears fruit for 30-35 years. Cultivated apricot fruits contain a large amount of carotene, vitamins C, B1, B2, P, sugars. Of the organic acids, they contain the most rhinoic and citric acids. The fruits are rich in pectin, tender fiber, potassium, iron, silver; there are sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iodine, starch, dextrin, inulin. Amino acids found in apricots, together with vitamins and sugars (mainly sucrose), form the taste and aroma of fruits, determine their calorie content. In dried fruits, almost all of the listed substances are contained in a concentrated form: there are five to six times more of them than in fresh apricots. The seeds contain a lot of oil, pangamic acid (vitamin Bis), amygdalin glycoside, which causes the bitter taste of the seeds. Leaks from natural cracks in a tree trunk (gum) contain polysaccharides. Since ancient times, apricots have been both food and medicine for people. They regulate the work of the gastrointestinal tract, promote hematopoiesis, therefore they are recommended for anemia, hypo- and beriberi, pregnant women and children. Apricots have a therapeutic effect in diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys. Dried fruits are useful for hypertension, tuberculosis. They are nutritious and promote longevity. Powdered gum is used as an enveloping agent. In the medical industry, oil emulsions are prepared from it. Apricot oil, obtained from seeds, is widely used for the production of fat-soluble drugs (vitamins A, D, E, etc.). It is also used for the manufacture of creams and liquid ointments. The fruits are eaten fresh; compote, jam, jam are cooked from them. They are canned, frozen, dried. The latter is especially common in Central Asia, where apricots are used to produce apricots - dried whole fruits with stones and dried apricots - dried chopped fruits. Apricot juice is very useful. The kernels are a valuable food product, but they should be used carefully, in small quantities, to avoid hydrocyanic acid poisoning. Apricot is an excellent tree for landscaping. It is indispensable for afforestation and fixing sandy soils, rocky embankments and slopes. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Common apricot, Prunus armeniaca. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
Deciduous tree of medium height (5-8 m) and crown circumference. The bark on old trunks is gray-brown, longitudinally cracking. Young shoots are shiny, glabrous, reddish-brown, with numerous small lenticels. Leaves alternate, petiolate, rounded, ovate, attenuated at the apex, finely dentate or double-toothed; 6-9 cm long. Petioles are thin, grooved with glands at the base of the plate. Flowers solitary, sessile or on very short pedicels, 25-30 mm in diameter, five-dimensional. The hypanthium is cylindrical, greenish-red with five oval, dark red sepals that fold down when flowering. Petals are white with pink veins or pink, rounded, elliptical or obovate. Stamens 25-45. Gynoecium alone, sitting at the bottom of the hypanthium. The flowers bloom before the leaves appear, in March-April. The apricot tree grows for a long time, in a warm climate up to 100 years; abundant fruiting begins from three to five years and lasts up to 30-40 years. Flower buds freeze at a temperature of -16 ... -21 ° C. Most varieties of apricot are frost-resistant, withstand frosts down to -25 ° C, and more resistant ones down to -30 ° C. The trees are drought tolerant (due to deep root penetration) and can be grown in hot regions with minimal rainfall. The fruits are juicy yellowish-red ("apricot") single-drupe fruits, rounded, elliptical or obovate in outline, with a longitudinal groove. The stone is thick-walled, smooth or rough. The skin is velvety-pubescent, yellow to orange, usually with a reddish unilateral "tan"; the pulp of the fruit in cultivated varieties is sweet, juicy or dryish, in wild varieties it is coarse-fibered with a bitter aftertaste. Seeds are flat, obovate, with a dense light brown skin, bitter or sweet. The weight of the fruit in wild-growing forms is 3-18 g, in cultivated forms 5-80 g. The weight of 1000 "seeds" (pits) is 1800-2100 g. It bears fruit in June-August. In the wild, the common apricot is preserved only in the Himalayas, in the Tien Shan and in the western part of the North Caucasus. In the southern regions of Primorye in the Far East of Russia, in China, on the Korean peninsula and on the Japanese islands, only in cultivation is a disease-resistant variety of ordinary apricot - Apricot ansu (Prunus armeniaca var. Ansu Maxim.) - a small tree or shrub abundantly fruiting with low-tasting fruits . Apricot is widespread in the countries of Central Asia everywhere. One of the main centers of apricot cultivation is the Batken region of Kyrgyzstan. The cultivation and processing of apricots into dried fruits (apricots and dried apricots) is the main source of income for farmers in this region. Fresh apricots are supplied in large quantities by the Issyk-Kul region. Apricot fruits are eaten both fresh and dried - apricots (with pits), kaisa, dried apricots, ashtak, and marshmallows. The pulp and kernels of apricots are used in the manufacture of cosmetics for dry skin, anti-aging products, in nourishing and moisturizing masks, and in hair care products. The streaks protruding from the natural cracks of apricot trees dry out in the air, forming the so-called apricot gum. Powdered (white or yellow) apricot gum is used in medicine as a complete substitute for gum arabic. In terms of emulsifying ability, stability of oil emulsions prepared on it and viscosity, it surpasses gum arabic. Apricot gum is sometimes used as a coating. The composition of the gum includes galactose (44%), arabinose (41%), glucuronic acid (16,4%), as well as mineral (2,4%) and protein (0,6%) substances. Apricot trees are decorative - they are distinguished by early and abundant flowering, beautiful autumn foliage and are used in landscaping. They are used in field protection as part of forest belts. The wood of the apricot tree is used by the peoples of the Caucasus to make musical instruments such as the Armenian duduk, balaban, shvi, zurna, etc. Apricot ordinary has long been cultivated in many countries with a warm temperate climate. Widely bred in the Caucasus and in the southern regions of the European part. All cultivars of apricots are derived from three wild-growing species - common apricot, Siberian apricot and Manchurian apricot. In China and the Southern Himalayas, five more types of apricot are cultivated, including the Japanese apricot, which is not now found in the wild. There are many varieties of common apricot. The best varieties are bred in Transcaucasia, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia. The best varieties are obtained in the North Caucasus; over time, the culture of the common apricot spreads further north. For quite a long time, work has been carried out abroad on crossing domestic plums with apricots. The hybrid between them is called a plemcot, and the hybrid from re-crossing (that is, a hybrid of a plemcot and a plum) is called a pluot (plum - "plum", apricot - "apricot"). Pluots have already entered commercial reproduction. Since they are all created on the basis of Japanese non-hardy plums, even in the Krasnodar Territory, foreign plums do not feel very good. The pulp of fresh apricots contains from 4,7 to 27% sugars (sucrose predominates in mature fruits), a small amount of dextrin, inulin and starch. Fiber content - 0,8%, organic acids - 1,3%. Apricot fruits are excessively rich in ascorbic acid, vitamins P, B, provitamin A, which gives the fruit a characteristic color. The fruits also contain citric, malic, tartaric and a little salicylic acid, quercetin, isoquercitrin, lycopene and tannins (up to 1%). There is little vitamin C in fresh apricots (10 mg%), there are vitamins P, B1 and PP, but most of all carotene (provitamin A) - up to 16 mg%. However, for the treatment and prevention of beriberi and hypovitaminosis of vitamin A in liver diseases and a decrease in thyroid function, apricots should not be taken, since provitamin A contained in apricots is not absorbed in these diseases, and therefore it is more advisable to take pure vitamin A. Among other things, sugars, carotene were found , silver, iron, inulin, tartaric and citric acids. Starch, tannins, mineral salts, fiber and the most valuable presence of potassium have been accumulated. Fresh fruits contain about 305 mg of potassium salts (in dried fruits - 5-6 times more). Therefore, apricots are recommended for people with diseases of the cardiovascular system and kidneys. There are also minerals - potassium, magnesium, phosphorus. Trace elements are represented by iron salts (2,1 mg%) and iodine compounds, which are especially abundant in Armenian varieties of apricots. Of the other substances in apricot fruits, there is pectin, which has the ability to remove toxic metabolic products and cholesterol from the body. There are tannins in apricots, which give the fruits some astringency and astringent taste and strengthening properties. Apricot juice has antibiotic activity, in particular, it has a depressing effect on putrefactive bacteria. Dried fruits (dried apricots) contain up to 80% of sugars, all useful elements are preserved, exceeding 6 times in contrast to fresh ones. The kernel contains vitamin B12 and up to 76% fatty oil. Apricot seeds (stones) contain from 35 to 50% fatty oil, called apricot oil, which is close to peach in chemical composition and is approved by the State Pharmacopoeia when used for medicinal purposes as a solvent for certain medicinal substances (for example, camphor) for the preparation of injection solutions and as a basis for liquid ointments. Apricot oil has low acidity and low viscosity, it is used in medicine and cosmetics. Apricot seeds, especially varieties with low-juicy pericarp, contain up to 0,17% amygdalin glucoside and up to 0,011% hydrocyanic acid. Apricot seeds also contain the enzymes emulsin, lactase and hydrocyanic acid. Apricot fruits are used both fresh and dried - apricot (with a stone), kaisa, dried apricots, ashtak, marshmallow. Seeds of bitter varieties are used to make almond water. Apricot fruits regulate the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, improve digestion, increase appetite, stimulate the acidity of the stomach, and have a laxative effect. Apricot fruits are useful for anemia, as well as for maintaining salt balance in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Patients with diabetes should limit the use of apricots due to their high sugar content. Mineral elements improve metabolism, increase mental performance, normalize blood pressure, and have a beneficial effect on thyroid function. The high content of vitamins in fruits is shown as a prophylactic against beriberi, exhaustion, colds. The presence of iron has a great influence on the process of hematopoiesis, which is why it is useful for people suffering from anemia to consume them. Apricot juice cleanses the slagged body, removing dangerous toxins and lowering the level of cholesterol in the blood, restores the function of the liver and kidneys. Juice is useful for children, 150 ml per day, as a building material for bone, tooth and adipose tissue. In external use, it safely relieves acne and heals wounds. Thanks to potassium salts, dried apricots in folk medicine are recommended for pregnant women and people with cardiovascular diseases. Apricot seed (kernel) oil is almost identical to almond and peach in its healing properties. It tones, improves the color of the skin of the face and body, eliminates wrinkles, giving a rejuvenating effect. Ink is made from burnt apricot kernels. In Chinese traditional medicine, apricot seeds are used as a sedative for coughs and hiccups. In China, it is recommended to take apricot seeds in combination with other medicinal plants for bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, whooping cough, and nephritis. Among other things, a decoction of dry leaves and inflorescences is indispensable for rheumatism, gastric diseases. Collected flowers, steamed in boiling water - an excellent diuretic. Apricot contains the maximum amount of sugar and carbohydrates, which is harmful for diabetes and obesity. Allergy sufferers should beware of fruits with a velvety surface, so as not to provoke the disease. The use of apricot seeds requires great care due to poisonous substances leading to poisoning.
Apricot, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam. Botanical description, habitat and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Apricot ordinary - a tree from the Rosaceae family (Rosaceae) with elongated leaves and grayish-brown bark. The fruit is round, from pale yellow to orange, the flesh is juicy, sweet. Chemical composition. The pulp of fresh apricots contains from 4,7 to 27% sugars (sucrose predominates in mature fruits), a small amount of dextrin, inulin and starch. Fiber content - 0,8%, organic acids - 1,3%. The fruits also contain citric, malic, tartaric and a little salicylic acid, quercetin, isoquercitrin, lycopene and tannins (up to 1%). There is little vitamin C in fresh apricots (10 mg%), there are vitamins P, B1 and PP, but most of all carotene (provitamin A) - up to 16 mg%. Apricots contain pectin, which has the ability to remove toxic metabolic products and cholesterol from the body. There are tannins in apricots, which give the fruits some astringency and astringent taste and strengthening properties. Apricot juice has antibiotic activity, in particular, it has a depressing effect on putrefactive bacteria. Apricot kernels contain from 35 to 60% of non-drying fatty oil, which is similar in chemical composition to peach (oil contains oleic and linolenic acids). Apricot oil has low acidity and low viscosity, it is used in medicine and cosmetics. Apricot seeds also contain amygdalin glycoside (up to 8,43%), enzymes emulsin, lactase and hydrocyanic acid. Application in medicine. In medicine, apricot is used as a dietary product in fresh, dried (kaisa, dried apricots, apricots) and pickled form. The high content of potassium and iron makes dry apricots essential in the diet of pregnant women and anemic patients. In Chinese traditional medicine, apricot seeds are used as a sedative for coughs and hiccups. In China, it is recommended to take apricot seeds in combination with other medicinal plants for bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, whooping cough, and nephritis. Dried apricots are prescribed to patients with heart rhythm disturbances, circulatory failure, patients treated with diuretics and cardiac glycosides, with myocardial infarction, myasthenia gravis, etc. A daily dose of 100-150 g of dry fruits also provides stool regulation. Dried apricots have a high calorie content, which is provided mainly by sucrose. This reduces its dietary value and limits its use in diabetic patients. Other uses. Apricot fruits are used both fresh and dried (apricots (with pits), kaisa, dried apricots, ashtak, marshmallows). Apricot fruits are useful for anemia, as well as for maintaining salt balance in diseases of the cardiovascular system. Patients with diabetes should limit the use of apricots due to their high sugar content. Apricot vodka is prepared from apricots, and the juice of apricots is fermented and then distilled. Edible oil is produced on the basis of cottonseed oil with the addition of apricot and grape oils. Apricot oil does not dry out, has a very low viscosity and is used in medicine for injectable bases of fat-soluble medicines and the preparation of cosmetic creams and liquid ointments. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Apricot is a child of need. Featured article
Travelers have always wondered why in the villages of Tajiks, even in the smallest garden, a lot of fruit trees were collected, while apricot grows separately. He has a special place. Apricot orchards - pure, from one breed. There are no other trees. To understand the secret of this preference, you need to imagine the conditions in which the Tajiks lived. Around the mountains. They cut off the villages from the rest of the world. Turned them into a lost land. Not having enough space to plow the fields and sow bread, people grew something that could be molded on rocky slopes - apricot. Sweet, sugary apricot gave strength. You can't climb mountains without it. So the apricot became the number one plant. Cherished it like no other tree. They even selected such varieties so that the fruits did not fall to the ground, but dried up on the branches as ready-made apricots. The only thing that an apricot required for a good harvest was fertilizer. Especially nitrogen. Old fences - clay duvals - went into action. How they came up with this is hard to say. Maybe by accident? Or did intuition help? However, the choice turned out to be the best. The blue-green alga Gleokapsa bred in duvals. She saved nitrogen. Old duvals contained more nitrogen than ordinary manure. It is not necessary, of course, to exaggerate the strength and power of the apricot. Man is not alive by them alone. However, let us still recall one story that happened in Kashmir, the main character of which was the apricot. About 30 years ago, a Scottish doctor M. Carrison arrived in a cozy valley at an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level. He began to treat mountaineers for tuberculosis, typhoid and diabetes. And he was extremely surprised that he was not invited to the sick from the neighboring Hunza tribe, who live opposite, across the river. Those beyond the river, according to legend, were the descendants of the soldiers of Alexander the Great. They never got sick. They live amazingly long, 110-120 years. But the air they breathe is the same as that of Carrison's patients. And they drink water from the same river. Comparing the way of life of both tribes, the doctor came to the conclusion: everything is the same, except for food. The Hunza diet is downright Spartan. Meat is consumed little. On holidays. But raw vegetables and fruits all year round. On the side they buy only salt. And most of all eat apricots. In August - September fresh. Then dried: dried apricots, apricots. There is even a saying, which can be translated something like this: "If you dare to move // To non-apricot lands, // They will refuse to accompany you // Your faithful friend!" A vegetable-apricot diet allows the Hunz to stay in shape until old age. Ancient elders make thousands of kilometers of exercise once a year along the Kashmir-Bombay highway and back. On foot, of course. For fourteen years in a row, a young doctor observed the Kashmiris. Returning to his homeland, he wrote a book. However, no one believed him. Then Carrison organized a grandiose experiment. Gathered thousands of rats, divided them into two groups. He gave me different kinds of food. Some he put on the usual diet of Londoners: white rolls, herring, sugar. Others - for apricots and dried apricots. The English diet did not keep the four-legged from disease. Apricot provided complete health to his patients.
Of course, this case alone does not prove anything. And you can not consider apricot a panacea for all ills. But here's what's great. Every few years, humanity convenes international apricot conventions. Notice, not on an apple tree, not on a pear, not on a cucumber or a tomato. Namely, the apricot. The sixth took place in Armenia in 1977. One of the speakers lifted the veil of mystery over this tree. "The apricot phenomenon," he said, "consists in the fact that it contains almost all known vitamins: A, B1, B2, B6, B5, C, P, PP, K, H ... And what is especially important "Their number is large: the daily norm for a person. And one more thing: when dried in dried apricots and apricots, the content of useful substances even increases." True, you need to know where it is better to plant apricots. In the mountains, vitamins accumulate twice as much as in the lowlands. However, international and all-Union apricot congresses are not organized for the sake of glorifying this masterpiece of the plant world. Worried about the future. There are serious grounds for concern. Over the past twenty years, the area under the multivitamin tree has increased little. In Greece, in Austria and other countries, they decreased two and three times. Cause? There are several. And the main one is too early flowering. Apricot is a resident of the center of Asia. Its element is hot mountains with a harsh, dry climate. And in Europe, gardeners offer him something completely different. The climate is milder and cooler. Using the power of genetics and selection, enormous fruits are obtained here, two to three times more than in Fergana. But the taste is not the same ... You can’t make good apricots or dried apricots out of them. And most importantly, too early awakening from winter dormancy. Flowers suffer from this, and what is even worse - a trunk, a tree trunk. The bark cracks, pathogenic fungi and viruses penetrate. The trees dry up. And the further, the more. Here comes to mind the right remedy for diseases - to find wild relatives and correct cultivars with their help. Botanists had this idea back in the thirties. And it seems that the famous botanist M. Popov was the first to start looking for savages. He went to the vicinity of Alma-Ata, where a lot of wild apricots grew. They looked great. They did not show the slightest tendency to dry out. On the contrary, in comparison with all the other brothers, they seemed fresher, greener, more elegant. Even very close to the city, where cattle always grazed and gnawed in a row all the trees that came across on the way, the apricots stood untouched. Thorns protruded from the apricot trunks. The locals have noticed this for a long time and turned it to their advantage. They use the multivitamin tree to protect their gardens. Seeds are sown around the garden, and a reliable fence grows. The fashion for apricot fences was adopted in other places. Very often, ranks of these trees line up along the roads of Ukraine. You drive by, stop, eat orange fruits - and go on. In many regions forest belts were planted to protect the fields from the wind. Many - from one apricot. The tree is drought tolerant. It grows well in the steppe. As for wild apricots, I. Michurin was also interested in them. He learned that in one of the Mongolian monasteries a large-fruited and very frost-resistant variety grows: a triple hybrid between the Manchurian, Siberian and ordinary species. Michurin asked an officer he knew, Captain Kurosh, to get some bones. Kurosh understood how difficult it was to penetrate the walls of the monastery. So he went to the trick. Persuaded local residents and played the scene of chasing them. On the appointed day, the monks saw several fellow believers running screaming towards the monastery walls. A detachment of Cossacks raced at full speed behind them. The gates were opened, but the pursuers broke in along with the fugitives. The monks were amazed when they saw that the Cossacks, dismounting, began to pick fruits from the trees, hastily gnawed at the flesh, and put the bones in their pockets. The officer did the same. Soon Michurin received the desired package. And then new varieties appeared in his garden: Comrade, Mongol, Best Michurinsky and, of course, Kurosh. These trees endured the harsh climate of the middle zone, where apricots never grew in human memory. True, the taste of the fruit was mediocre. The apprentices of the glorious gardener completed his work. And now truly juicy and sweet varieties have already been created. Only the nucleolus is still unfinished. In most varieties, it is bitter - the memory of wild relatives. Nature deliberately made the nucleoli bitter, otherwise the animals would have snatched them up long ago and the species would not be preserved. And the animal world is interested in apricots no less than people. True, everyone has different tastes. Sparrows, for example, specialize in flowers. In Ashgabat, they fall on the gardens in spring. First, flower buds are pecked out, then the petals are cut off, getting to the most delicious - ovaries and nectaries. Petals are not eaten, they are thrown, and they lie on the ground like snow flakes. An inexperienced gardener can scold a bird for such arbitrariness and make a mistake. Sparrow in Ashgabat is not harmful, but useful. He carries out thinning of flowers. Saves gardeners from painstaking work. The remaining flowers will produce larger and sweeter fruits, and the tree will not spend extra energy to grow an additional load, which then has to be shed anyway. The fox specializes in fruit pits. In the Ararat valley of Armenia, gardeners used to moan from fox invasions. The red "gossip" smells the smell of bones from afar. Digging up the ground and picking the seed clean. We have to start all over again. In Poland, squirrels specialize in apricots. They also eat out the bones. And the most annoying thing is that they do it when the fruits are not yet ripe. Therefore, you cannot save them from fans by harvesting early. And now let's go back to where we started: why the Tajiks chose an apricot from a variety of species, and not an apple tree, not a pear, and not a grape. There is another important reason besides the ones already mentioned. The favorite of Tajiks is unpretentious. It can grow on the most useless soil (although it also likes fertilizer). Even on pebbles, where no culture is planted at all. Only in the first year after planting it is watered, and then the tree is left to itself. And it grows in two or three girths! Fruits up to a hundred years. And what a crown! In the harvest year, thirty pounds are harvested from it - this is more than 50 buckets. I saw one of these trees, not even a very large one, at the Pamir Biological Station in the city of Osh. Under it, professor-geographer O. Agakhanyants arranges for his students, who arrived for practice, to spend the night. Thirty people fit under the crown, and there is still room left. The leaf tent serves as a secure roof. And ripe apricots fall almost into the mouths of resting trainees. True, in this idyll there is one unpleasant moment. Fruits fall at night, roll up under sleeping bags. In the morning, the poor student wakes up wet, soaked in sweet juice... Probably, the Tajiks would plant even more apricots if they had more land. But the wheat must be sown somewhere. The solution was found in a mixed crop. Field under the trees. True, wheat is not ordinary, but ancient - spelled. Until quite recently, connoisseurs denied that spelled had survived in Asia. In 1952, it was discovered in the distant, distant mountains of Iran. And fifteen years later - in Tajikistan. It is here that the world's largest massif of the oldest apricot trees has survived. In the valley of the Isfara river. Between the villages of Naugl and Vorukh. Spelled has been sown in Isfara gardens since time immemorial. Why exactly it, and not ordinary wheat, soft or hard? Professor R. Udachin, who discovered this unique garden, explained. Apricot ripens earlier than wheat. People trample on the sea of wheat and pick orange fruit from the trees. Other wheat would have fallen long ago. Spelled does not crumble. Another culture would wither away in the shade and give no grain. Spelled gives grain even in the shade! And her neighbor apricot produces the best harvest in the world here. Unfortunately, the way to the Isfara region is not close and only a few lovers of apricots and dried apricots can visit these interesting places. Another apricot region, Crimea, is much more accessible. At the beginning of our century, when the influx of vacationers began to increase, apricot orchards began to grow like mushrooms. And maybe this southern corner would have turned into a solid apricot, if not for one circumstance. The trees of this fashionable breed were accepted and grew excellently, but the harvest did not please the owners everywhere. Every year they collected a lot of fruits in Bakhchisarai, in the center of the peninsula, and in the most heavenly place, on the South Coast, where the climate is especially mild, there was nothing to collect. And only in some successful years, after five or six years, orange fruits finally appeared on the branches. Observant people noticed: perhaps it is best to plant an apricot along the Crimean rivers: Kacha, Alma, Salgir. They planted rivers from their sources to the sea. And again, the gardeners were out of luck. Those that planted by the sea reaped a meager harvest once every five years. The fault was the heavy sea fog that crept along the coast at the very time when the trees were in bloom. After the fogs, the fruits did not set. The situation was even worse in the sources of the rivers. The river valleys there narrowed to such an extent that they looked like giant troughs. Their steep slopes went high to the sky. In early spring, in February, and sometimes in January, gardens bloomed. And at night, an icy wind blew from the snowy peaks of the Yayla - the Crimean Mountains. It squeezed its way with difficulty along the narrow trenches of the valleys and whistled through the gardens in a draft. What kind of apricots are there! Downstream, where the valleys widened, the draft lost strength and seemed to disappear. This is where profitable gardening began. Our glorious gardener L. Simirenko, who explained all the failures with apricots in the Crimea, summed up. Apricot is quite suitable for the Crimea, but a good harvest can only be given in a few places. And best of all, it bears fruit not in gardens, but in ... cities! Even in the tightness of stone buildings and cobblestone pavement, it supplies excellent apricots and dried apricots. These conditions most closely resemble those rocky mountains where the apricot originated as a species. As for the fight against cold during flowering, fruit growers are all looking and looking for a life-saving remedy. It would seem that a witty solution was proposed after the war by P. Shitt, a professor from the Timiryazev Academy. Summer pruning. It will delay flowering and eliminate the danger of frost. Alas, when the fruit growers checked the advice of the scientist in practice, it turned out that pruned and unpruned trees bloom at the same time. As you can see, there are still a lot of unsolved problems. But not all the trouble with apricot is frost and frost. The misfortunes of this breed are in another. They tell such a case. As early as the end of the last century, a gardener discovered that many apricot trees in their prime are rotten in the middle of the trunk. He was an observant and intelligent person and noticed: rot is especially rampant where the trees are tied with wire. Isn't all evil in the wire? Maybe it disrupts the main course of life processes in trees? He hurried to the apple trees, which he tied with straw against hares, just like apricots. The straw was fastened with the same wire. In some places the wire touched the trunk. He cut down one of the apple trees in his hearts. No, in vain only ruined the tree. The trunk is healthy and clean. Then he remembered that he used the same wire when he hung labels on apricot trees. Checked - woe! And here the wire did its dirty work. All trees with tags turned out to be diseased. However, on some seedlings, the tags did not hang on the wire, but on the bast or on pieces of twine. With trembling hands, the gardener began to examine the wireless apricots. No, and here is rot. Under the twine and under the bast. Only where there were no tags at all, the stems remained healthy. Such is the reality of a hundred years ago. And how is it in our time? In 1977, another apricot congress was held in Yerevan. It again raised the question of tags and labels. Experts warn in the most serious way. No tags! Do not tie anything to the stems. Don't touch them at all! So that nothing damages the bark. And so the apricot dries too often. And not all reasons are yet understood. Author: Smirnov A.
Apricot. reference Information
The common apricot grows wild in Central Asia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Transcaucasia, and the Far East. A rather common tree in roadside and field-protective plantings in the south of Ukraine. Differs in fast growth and early fructification, blossoms in the spring before emergence of leaves. Apricot fruits contain a lot of sucrose, glucose and fructose (about 11-12%), organic acids, provitamin A. Apricot fruits are consumed fresh, used to prepare a variety of products. From the seeds, bitter almond oil is obtained, similar in composition to peach. In scientific medicine, oil is used to prepare medicines, ointments, creams, lotions. A few years ago, the magazine "Around the World" described a small tribe in the Himalayas, whose nutritious diet consisted mainly of apricot fruits. All members of the tribe are distinguished by excellent health, longevity, and endurance. Cakes are baked from apricot fruits, drinks are prepared, eaten raw, etc. Apparently, apricot still needs careful pharmacological and therapeutic and dietary study. Author: Reva M.L.
Apricot. Useful information about the plant
Apricot comes from hot and waterless mountains. Therefore, it grows well in southern cities among stone houses and stone fences. The air there is so dry and hot that the fruits on the tree dry up and turn into apricots. Gardeners noticed this and brought out varieties of apricots, in which the fruits do not fall to the ground, but dry on the branches. If too many fruits ripen, the tree may fall. After all, gardens are often bred on steep slopes, where there is little land and the roots in it are weakly held. Locals bring stones to the trees and stack them one on top of the other. It turns out a stone wall, a strong support for the trunk. Apricot blooms before the leaves bloom. The whole tree is covered with a white-pink shroud. Flowering trees are very beautiful. Growing an apricot is not easy. He must be protected in every possible way. You can’t even scratch the bark, otherwise it will dry out. Author: Smirnov A.
Common apricot, Prunus armeniaca. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Common apricot, Prunus armeniaca. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The common apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is a fruit tree that grows in temperate climates. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing apricots: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
▪ Common cranberry (marsh cranberry, crane) ▪ African bearded man (bearded man) ▪ Play the game "Guess the plant from the picture"
Energy from space for Starship
08.05.2024 New method for creating powerful batteries
08.05.2024 Alcohol content of warm beer
07.05.2024
▪ LCD and plasma: no demand, prices will fall sharply
▪ section of the site For a beginner radio amateur. Article selection ▪ article Laws of planetary motion. History and essence of scientific discovery ▪ article How often does a woodpecker hit a tree trunk with its beak? Detailed answer ▪ article Insect bites. Health care
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
We recommend interesting articles Section 
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page