Care of the injured and sick. Gastric lavage

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Care of the injured and sick. Gastric lavage

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Gastric lavage produced in two ways - using a probe and probeless, or "home". When washing the stomach with a probe, the principle of a siphon, or communicating vessels, is used, when a fluid-filled tube connecting two vessels moves fluid into a vessel located below. One vessel is a funnel with water, and the other is the stomach. When the funnel is raised, the liquid will flow from it into the stomach, when it is lowered, from the stomach into the funnel.

For gastric lavage, a gastric tube 1-1,5 m long with an expanded upper end is used, into which a glass funnel with a capacity of 1 liter is inserted, with a lower rounded blind end with two holes on the side walls. When used, the probe and funnel are sterilized by boiling for 15-20 minutes. In addition, you need to prepare a jug with water or a medicinal substance (2% sodium bicarbonate solution, pink potassium permanganate solution), as well as an oilcloth apron for the patient and a basin for washing water.

The patient sits on a chair, leaning tightly against its back and slightly tilting his head forward. The patient's chest is covered with an apron and warned that the introduction of the probe may cause the urge to vomit. To suppress vomiting during the introduction of the probe, the patient should swallow and breathe deeply through the nose.

The probe is inserted by a medical worker. Before inserting the probe, it is necessary to measure the distance from the incisors of the teeth to the navel and add the distance in one palm.

To insert the probe, you should stand in front of the patient, somewhat to the right of him. The patient opens his mouth wide, pronounces the sound "a-a-a" and breathes deeply through his nose. The probe is inserted behind the root of the tongue. The patient closes his mouth and makes a swallowing movement, after which the probe is pushed through the esophagus. The probe can get into the larynx, while the patient begins to choke, lose his voice, turn blue; in this case, remove the probe immediately.

After the introduction of the probe, gastric lavage is started. Initially, the funnel is held at the level of the patient's knees somewhat obliquely so as not to introduce air into the stomach. Water is poured into the funnel until its level reaches the neck, and at the same time the funnel is slowly raised above the level of the patient's mouth. Then it is lowered again to the level of the patient's knees, they wait for the funnel to fill with water with the contents of the stomach, and overturn it over a bucket or basin. The procedure is repeated several times until the wash water is completely clean. Typically, gastric lavage requires 8-10 liters of water.

During gastric lavage, it is necessary to monitor the patient's condition and wash water: if blood streaks appear in them, the procedure should be stopped.

To wash the stomach at home, the patient is given to drink 5-6 glasses of warm water in a row for 10-15 minutes, after which they irritate the root of the tongue with their fingers, which causes vomiting.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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