Iron deficiency anemia (anemia). Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Iron deficiency anemia (anemia). Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Anemia combines a large group of diseases that are accompanied by a decrease in the blood content of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and hemoglobin or only hemoglobin. The most common cause of the development of the disease is insufficient intake of iron, which is necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Such anemia is called iron deficiency. Iron deficiency leads to an increase in the incidence of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Young children are prone to frequent diseases due to the imperfection of the immune system, so a lack of iron in the diet can be the cause of many diseases.

Another reason for the lack of hemoglobin may be the rapid growth of the baby. This happens in premature babies, in babies with a large body weight at birth, children in the second half of life, and adolescents.

Loss of iron occurs with various bleeding, intestinal absorption disorders, with the formation of menstrual function in adolescent girls.

The first period of the disease proceeds secretly: a blood test does not show a drop in hemoglobin, while iron deficiency is already developing in the tissues, which is reflected in the disorder of various organs and systems. Therefore, iron deficiency anemia in children is a very dangerous disease. But it can be prevented by being attentive to your children and using methods to prevent anemia.

Symptoms of anemia

The child is often sick.

The child's skin becomes dry.

Cracks appear in the corners of the mouth.

Nails become brittle.

The nipples of the tongue are smoothed out.

The skin is pale.

Taste and smell change. Children may like the smell of gasoline, paint, the taste of chalk, they may chew on plaster, charcoal, etc.

Blood tests show a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

Anemia Prevention Methods

For children under 1-1,5 years old, prophylactic courses of iron preparations are usually prescribed.

When breastfeeding, timely (at 6 months) introduction of complementary foods, especially meat puree, is necessary.

With artificial feeding, children are recommended to give milk mixtures that are close in their properties to breast milk, which contain iron in the right quantities and are easy to assimilate.

Children of the second half of life, whose own iron stores are quickly depleted, need to replenish their diet with foods rich in protein and iron: cheese, eggs, meat, fish, vegetable and cereal dishes.

All children should be given foods rich in trace elements (copper, cobalt, manganese, nickel) and vitamins (B groups, ascorbic and folic acids): beef, brain, chicken egg yolk, oatmeal and buckwheat, green peas, beets, tomatoes, potatoes , black currants, gooseberries, apples (Antonovka), as well as vegetable and fruit juices and purees from fresh fruits and berries.

Be sure to follow the child's daily routine with frequent walks (at least 4 hours a day).

The child should exercise daily.

Give your child a massage.

Medicines are prescribed only by a doctor and determines their dosage. Usually, young children take drugs in liquid form (drops and syrups): Aktiferrin, Hemofer, Maltofer. You can give your child medication if they have already been prescribed by a doctor. Medicines are taken 1-2 hours before or after meals, and in case of poor tolerance, they are consumed with meals. You can not drink iron preparations with tea and milk, which reduce the effectiveness of their absorption. The effect of treatment, as a rule, appears gradually. At first, signs of anemia will decrease, and after a while the level of hemoglobin will increase.

FOR THE NOTICE

Iron is best absorbed from such products of animal origin: beef tongue, rabbit meat, turkey meat, chicken meat, beef meat.

Iron content in plant foods, mg/100 g

Products	Hardware
dried mushrooms	35
Sea kale	16
Rosehip fresh	11,5
Oatmeal	10.7
Buckwheat	7.8
Hercules	7.8
Fresh mushrooms	5.2
peaches	4.1
Pear	2.3
Apple	2.2
Plum	2.1
Apricot	2.1
alycha	1.9
Parsley	1.8
Cherry	1.8
Raspberries	1,6
gooseberries	1.6
Dill	1.6
Beetroot	1.4
Cauliflower	1.4
Black currant	1.3
Carrots	1.2
Strawberries	1.2
Melon	1.0

Folk remedies for the treatment of anemia

Carrot juice 1/2 cup daily on an empty stomach for 2 weeks.

Grind walnuts, dried apricots, prunes in equal amounts in a meat grinder or blender and season with thick honey. Take 1/2-1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day for 2 weeks.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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