Instruction on labor protection for the loader

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Instructions on labor protection for the loader. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of labor protection regulations in force at the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of labor protection instructions", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 " Standard provision on training on labor protection issues.

1.3. According to this instruction, the loader is instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 3 months (repeated briefing).

The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues. The log, after passing the briefing, must contain the signatures of the instructing person and the loader.

1.5. The owner must insure the loader against accidents and occupational diseases.

In case of damage to the health of the loader through the fault of the owner, he (the loader) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.

1.6. For non-compliance with this instruction, the loader bears disciplinary, material, administrative and criminal liability.

1.7. Persons who have passed a medical examination, introductory briefing on labor protection and briefing at the workplace are allowed to perform loading operations. Persons under 18 years of age may be allowed to load and unload cargo, the limits of which correspond to the Limits for lifting and moving heavy objects by minors, approved by order of the Ministry of Health on 22.03.96 No. 59.

A loader who is allowed to perform loading and unloading operations using transport and lifting mechanisms, loading and unloading operations performed manually with heavy bulky cargo, work on the movement of liquefied gases in pressurized cylinders, explosive, flammable and other hazardous and harmful substances (acids , alkalis, etc.), must undergo special training in labor safety and have a certificate for the right to perform work with increased danger.

1.8. When performing work, the loader passes:

training on labor safety issues on existing equipment annually, and on new equipment - as it enters the enterprise, but until the moment this equipment is put into operation;
verification of knowledge on labor protection (at work with increased danger) - annually;
verification of knowledge on electrical safety (when using equipment powered by an electrical network) - annually;
verification of sanitary and hygienic knowledge; in a grocery store (department, warehouse) - once every 2 years, at a public catering enterprise - annually;
periodic medical examination:
a loader who has direct contact with food - annually;
a loader who is affected by dangerous and harmful production factors - in accordance with the "Regulations on the medical examination of workers of certain categories".

1.9. Women employed in loading and unloading operations are transferred to another job from the day the pregnancy is established.

1.9. The loader must:

1.9.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.9.2. Use the issued overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment.

1.9.3. While on the construction site, wear a protective helmet.

1.9.4. Do not allow unauthorized persons into your workplace.

1.9.5. Perform only the work for which he has been instructed and entrusted by the work manager.

1.9.6. Do not follow instructions and orders that are contrary to the rules of labor protection.

1.9.7. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and the safety of colleagues.

1.9.8. Be able to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.9.9. Keep your workplace clean and tidy, do not clutter it up.

1.10. During work, the loader may be affected by dangerous and harmful production factors:

moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of conveyors, hoisting machines, transported goods, containers, stacks of goods that fold or collapse;
low temperature of the surfaces of refrigeration equipment;
reduced air temperature of the working area;
increased air movement;
electric shock;
increased levels of static electricity;
sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of tools, equipment, inventory, goods and containers;
chemical factors;
physical overload.

1.11. The employee must be provided with personal protective equipment, and in case of contact with food, also with sanitary clothing.

1.11.1. During loading and unloading (hereinafter - outside the workshops) of coal, sand, coke, peat and bitumen:

cotton overalls with a hood made of dust-proof fabric;
leather boots;
canvas mittens.

During loading and unloading of dusty goods:

cotton overalls with a hood made of dust-proof fabric;
tarpaulin mittens;
respirator;
goggles.

During loading and unloading of acids and caustic substances:

cloth suit;
rubber boots;
cloth mittens;
respirator;
goggles.

During loading and unloading timber:

cotton suit with water-repellent impregnation;
leather boots;
canvas mittens.

When loading and unloading leaded gasoline:

cotton duty jacket;
rubber boots;
rubber duty apron;
duty rubber gloves.

During loading and unloading of salt:

cotton suit;
tarpaulin boots;
combined gloves;
cotton jacket and trousers with insulated lining (additionally on external robots in winter) depending on climatic zones.

During loading and unloading of other goods and materials:

canvas jacket and cotton trousers with canvas knee pads;
tarpaulin mittens;
goggles.

On outdoor robots in winter additionally:

cotton jacket and trousers with insulated lining depending on climatic zones;
felt boots depending on climatic zones.

While escorting cargo on board vehicles outside the cab:

in winter, instead of a cotton jacket with a warm lining in a special and IV climatic zones, a short fur coat is issued on duty;
at other times of the year, a raincoat on duty is issued.

During maintenance of the refrigerator, freezer, refrigerator, ice cream refrigerator, defroster pre-cooler:

cotton suit with water-repellent impregnation (except for those working in the ice cream refrigerator);
cotton jacket and trousers with insulated lining;
felt boots;
rubber galoshes;
combined gloves.

1.11.2. Norms of free distribution of sanitary clothing.

During loading and unloading of foodstuffs:

cotton jacket or cotton robe;
cotton apron;
beret or cotton cap;
cotton mittens.

On refrigerators, cold storage facilities, bases, warehouses during work with food products:

light cotton jacket;
cotton apron with water-repellent impregnation;
white cotton cap;
cotton mittens.

1.12. To ensure fire and explosion safety, it is prohibited:

carry out loading and unloading of flammable liquids and other flammable substances with the car engine running;
throw and tilt barrels with flammable liquids, use steel crowbars to roll them.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Prepare the work area for safe work:

free the ways of moving the cargo and the place of its storage from foreign objects;
lay a hard surface or flooring 1,5 m wide on soft ground or uneven surface on the way to move the load, at the level of the rail head when moving the load through the rail tracks, in other similar situations;
check the sufficiency of lighting of aisles and storage areas, if necessary, require lighting of places for loading, unloading and moving goods;
determine the boundaries of stacks, passages and passages between them on the site for warehousing cargo;
in the cold season, clear snow from, sprinkle sand, slag or other materials on ice-covered slopes and other sections of passages, driveways and loading and unloading areas.

2.2. By external inspection, check the serviceability of the load-handling devices and the presence of stamps or tags on them with the designation of the number, date of testing and load capacity.

2.3. Check the correctness and operation:

lifting and leveling platforms, lifting platforms of hydraulic carts and other equipment;
limit switches that limit the movement of mechanisms, control buttons ("Start", "Stop") and emergency.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The mass of cargo lifted (or removed) manually by one loader should not exceed 50 kg.

3.2. Movement, loading and unloading of goods should be carried out taking into account its category and degree of danger.

3.3. When moving bulky goods manually, you must:

use strong, even rollers of the same diameter and sufficient length, the ends of which should not protrude beyond the transported load by more than 30-40 cm;
lay the rollers parallel and during the movement of the load make sure that they do not turn around relative to the direction of movement of the load;
to bring the rollers under the load, use crowbars, rack jacks;
take the roller for rolling when it is completely free from under the load; it should be corrected with a crowbar or blows of a sledgehammer;
when moving cargo, beware of rollers that fly out from under the cargo, or its accidental breakdown;
large display glass should be carried on belts in pairs by several employees;
when moving the load down an inclined plane, use a delaying device (ropes, cables, etc.). At the same time, it is not allowed: being ahead of the rolling load, moving the load faster than the movement of workers.

3.4. When moving rolled-drum cargoes on a horizontal surface, adhere to the following requirements:

during the rolling of barrels, rolls, drums and other similar cargoes, it is necessary to be behind the transported cargo;
do not roll loads, pushing them along the edges, in order to avoid hitting hands on other objects that are in the way of rolling the load;
do not carry rolled-drum loads on the back, regardless of their weight.

3.5. During the performance of work on the movement of compressed and liquefied gases in cylinders, dangerous and harmful substances, you should:

move cylinders with protective caps on, closing the valves, using special carts. Do not carry cylinders on your hands;
when transferring cylinders up stairs, use stretchers that have a tightening strap;
aggressive liquids (acids, alkalis, etc.) should be carried only in specially adapted stretchers (transported on trolleys, wheelbarrows) in glass containers placed in wicker or wooden baskets. It is not allowed to carry bottles with acid or alkali on the back, shoulders or in front of you.

3.6. When performing loading and unloading operations and warehousing cargo on a car, it is necessary:

at the time of car delivery to the place of loading (unloading) move to a safe place:
put stops (shoes) under the wheels of the truck. The car put under loading (unloading) must be reliably braked by a parking brake;
during unloading of a dump truck, not be in its body or on the footboard;
clean the body of a dump truck from the remains of loose or viscous cargo with scrapers or shovels with long handles while on the ground;
before opening the sides of the car, make sure that the cargo is safely located in the body;
open and close the sides under the control of the driver of the car simultaneously by two employees who are on the sides of the opening side;
to open for unloading compressed and liquefied gases in cylinders that side of the vehicle, towards which the cylinders lie with shoes;
unloading of goods that are allowed to be dumped, carried out on a flyover, fenced on the sides with safety bars;
bulk dusty cargoes (cement, alabaster, etc.), unload into chests and other closed containers that protect them from spraying;
to load and unload lime and other caustic dusting substances in bulk only in a mechanized way, excluding air pollution of the working area;
descent and ascent of rolling and barrel cargoes should be carried out on stairs or inclined planes. Barrels with flammable and combustible liquids should be loaded (unloaded) on wooden ladders or other safe device;
to unload piece long-length cargoes (logs, boards, etc.) with the help of strong ropes for at least two employees, while using cargo insurance with ropes;
logs and lumber are not allowed to be loaded above the rack, as well as to place long loads diagonally in the body, leaving the ends protruding beyond the side dimensions of the car and to block the driver's cab doors with the load;
when transporting goods (boards, logs) with a length of more than 6 m, securely fasten them to the trailer, in the case of simultaneous transportation of long loads of different lengths, place shorter ones on top;
during bulk loading, the cargo should be placed evenly over the entire area of the body, it should not rise above the sides;
pack boxes, barrels and other piece cargo tightly, without gaps, so that when moving it cannot move along the body; install barrels with liquid cargoes with the stopper up;
stack glass containers with liquids only while standing, each piece of cargo separately must be well secured in the body so that the cargo cannot move or turn over during movement;
securely fasten each piece of cargo with aggressive liquid in the body, making sure in advance that the glass containers are in wooden or wicker baskets, lined with straw or shavings;
piece loads that protrude above the side of the body must be tied with strong ropes (binding loads with metal ropes or wire is not allowed). The height of the load should not exceed the height of the passages under the bridges, the total height from the road surface to the highest point of the load should not exceed 3,8 m.

3.7. During loading and unloading operations on railway transport, you should:

move the wagon along the unloading front at a speed of no more than 2 km/h. The worker must be on the side of the car, outside the rail track. At the same time, it is not allowed to stand on the track, push the car behind or pull it towards you, as well as push and brake the car, hold it by the buffer device;
start loading and unloading the railway car only after a complete stop and fixing it on both sides with an emphasis under the wheels of the brake shoes;
to facilitate the opening of the car door, use a special device;
not be at the opening of the door against the doorway of the opening wagon due to the possibility of cargo falling out;
open the hatches of gondola cars with bulk cargo only with a special device that allows the employee to be at a safe distance;
while loading box, barrel and other piece goods into a railway car, pack them tightly, without gaps.

3.8. Stop work if:

identification of non-compliance of containers with established requirements, as well as the absence of clear marking or labels on it;
the occurrence of hazardous and harmful production factors due to the influence of meteorological conditions on the physical and chemical composition of the cargo (unless measures are taken to create safe working conditions).

3.9. When stacking building materials:

lay the piece stone to a height of not more than 1,5 m (to avoid self-collapse);
lay the brick on a flat surface in no more than 25 rows;
the height of a stack of sawn timber during row storage should not exceed half the width of the stack, and during storage in a cage - should not exceed the width of the stack;
stacks of sand, gravel, crushed stone and other bulk materials must be given a natural angle of slope or secured with strong retaining walls;
stack boxes with glass in one row in height. During storage and removal of boxes with glass, workers should be on the front side of the box.

3.10. Unstacking of goods should be carried out only from top to bottom.

3.11. During the removal of bulk cargo from the stack, do not allow the formation of a tunnel.

3.12. To prevent emergencies: know and apply conditional signaling during loading and unloading of goods by hoisting and transport mechanisms; during loading (unloading) of refrigerating chambers, use protective equipment that excludes the possibility of accidental isolation of workers in them.

The employee is prohibited from:

to be and perform work under a lifted load, in the way of traffic;
walk along railway tracks, crawl under standing cars, climb over the clutch, cling to moving cars, walk between uncoupled cars if there is a diesel locomotive nearby;
unload cargo in places not suitable for this (on temporary ceilings, directly on pipes of steam and gas pipelines, electric cables, on rail tracks, close to fences and walls of various structures and outbuildings).

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Remove removable load-handling devices, inventory and put in designated storage areas.

4.2. Place the trolley on a flat surface; the hydraulic trolley frame must be lowered to the lower position.

4.3. Remove debris from work area.

4.4. Fold overalls, personal protective equipment in the place provided for them.

4.5. Wash hands, face with soap, if possible, take a shower.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In case of emergencies that impede the performance of technological operations, it is necessary to stop work and inform the manager about it.

5.2. If there are victims, provide them with first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance.

5.3. Providing first aid.

5.3.1. First aid for electric shock.

In the event of an electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to turn it off, pull him away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and an indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this condition, it is necessary to immediately begin to revive the victim and call an ambulance.

5.3.2. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.3.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconscious state after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or from the mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach, face down, while observing that the torso does not bend in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.3.4. First aid for burns with acids and alkalis.

If acid or alkali gets on the skin, the damaged areas must be thoroughly rinsed with a stream of water for 15-20 minutes, after which the acid-damaged surface should be washed with a 5% solution of baking soda, and the burnt with alkali - with a 3% solution of boric acid or an acetic solution. acids.

If acid or alkali gets on the mucous membrane of the eyes, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the eyes with a stream of water for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with a 2% solution of baking soda, and if the eyes are damaged by alkali, with a 2% solution of boric acid.

In case of burns of the oral cavity with alkali, it is necessary to rinse with a 3% solution of acetic acid or a 3% solution of boric acid, for acid burns - with a 5% solution of baking soda.

If acid enters the respiratory tract, it is necessary to breathe a 10% solution of baking soda sprayed with a spray gun, if alkali enters, a sprayed 3% solution of acetic acid.

5.3.5. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the bubbles that form and tie the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol, a 3% manganese solution or a 5% tannin solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), cover the wound with a sterile dressing and call a doctor.

5.3.6. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

raise the injured limb up;
close the wound that bleeds with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press down 2 from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes; if the bleeding has stopped, then, without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
with severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, squeezing of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limbs at the joints, as well as with fingers, tourniquet or twist; in case of heavy bleeding, it is necessary to urgently call a doctor.

5.3.7. First aid in case of foreign objects getting under the skin or in the eyes.

It is possible to remove foreign objects only if there is confidence that this can be done easily and completely. After their removal, lubricate the wound with tincture of iodine; apply a bandage. Foreign objects from the eyes are best removed by washing with a stream of water, directing the jet from the outer corner of the eye (from the temple) to the inner (toward the nose). You should not rub your eyes.

5.4. If a fire has occurred. start extinguishing with the available fire extinguishing equipment. If necessary, call the fire department.

5.5. Follow all instructions of the head of work to eliminate the danger.

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