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Instruction on labor protection for personnel during diagnostics and maintenance of tractors

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General safety requirements

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have been trained in specialized educational institutions, have a certificate and a qualification group in electrical safety not lower than II (up to 1000 V) and have passed a preliminary medical examination upon admission to work, as well as :

• induction training;
• fire safety briefing;
• initial briefing at the workplace;
• electrical safety training in the workplace.

1.2. When working on the diagnostics and maintenance of tractors, personnel must undergo:

• repeated briefing on labor safety at the workplace at least every three months;
• unscheduled and targeted briefings;
• sanitary medical examination according to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 90 dated 14 and the order of the Ministry of Railways dated 03.96 No. 07.07.1987 c.
• checking knowledge on the rules for the design and safe operation of lifting mechanisms when slinging loads with cranes.

1.3. When working on diagnostics and maintenance of tractors, personnel must know:

• the impact on a person of dangerous and harmful production factors that arise during work;
• instructions for the prevention of adverse effects of environmental factors when working with magnetic, eddy current and ultrasonic flaw detectors at the wagon industry enterprises;
• rules and scheme for slinging cargo by cranes;
• fire safety rules;
• industrial sanitation and electrical safety requirements;
• location of first aid kits;
• internal labor regulations established at the enterprise;
• the requirements of this manual;
• instructions on fire safety measures;
• appointment of personal protective equipment;
• how to provide first aid to victims, use fire extinguishing equipment, call the fire brigade in the event of a fire.

1.4. During the diagnostics and maintenance of tractors, the personnel must be guided by the following requirements:

• this instruction;
• internal labor regulations.

1.5. During work, the following dangerous and harmful factors may affect personnel during diagnostics and maintenance of tractors:

• dangerous voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can occur through the human body, electric shock;
• adverse effects of magnetic and ultrasonic radiation;
• moving vehicles, mechanisms, rolling stock;
• insufficient lighting at night.

1.6. When carrying out work on the diagnostics and maintenance of tractors, the personnel must use the following PPE in their work: a cotton suit, leather boots, combined mittens, dielectric gloves, dielectric galoshes, rubberized apron and oversleeves.

In winter, in addition: a heat-protective suit.

1.7. In order to prevent fires, personnel during diagnostics and maintenance of tractors are prohibited from:

• use electric heaters not equipped for this purpose;
• use temporary or faulty wiring.

1.8. While on the territory of the railway, the personnel, when carrying out work on the diagnostics and maintenance of tractors, must comply with the following requirements:

• to pass railway tracks only in the established places, indicated by signs "Service Passage", to pass along the track only along the side of the road;
• cross the tracks only at a right angle, after making sure that there is no locomotive moving at a dangerous distance in this place;
• to cross the track occupied by the rolling stock, only using the transition platforms of the wagons;
• bypass groups of wagons no closer than 5 m from the automatic coupler;
• pass between uncoupled wagons if the distance between them is at least 10 m;
• when leaving the wagon, hold on to the handrails and position yourself facing the wagon, having previously examined the place of the descent and made sure that the handrails and steps are in good condition, as well as that there is no moving train on the adjacent track;
• pay attention to traffic lights;
• do not cross the path in front of the moving train;
• sit on the steps of the wagons and get off them while moving;
• step on electrical wires and cables;
• touch broken wires.

1.9. For non-compliance with the safety requirements set forth in this manual, the personnel during diagnostic work is liable in accordance with applicable law.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Upon arrival at work, personnel during diagnostics and maintenance of tractors must be instructed, familiarize themselves with new orders, instructions, orders and sign in the appropriate journal.

2.2. Get a task from the master to carry out the work.

2.3. Make sure that personal protective equipment is in good condition.

2.4. Prepare diagnostic tools and accessories for work.

2.5. Clean and inspect the installation sites of diagnostic tools.

2.6. Wear appropriate work clothes and safety shoes.

2.7. Arrange the working tool, fixtures and materials in the prescribed place, in a convenient and safe order for use.

2.8. Check the presence and serviceability of the warning signal equipment, fences, safety and blocking devices.

2.9. Check that the ground wire is securely connected to the equipment.

2.10. Turn on local lighting if necessary and check that the ventilation is working properly.

2.11. Check the availability of fire fighting equipment and access to it.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. During the maintenance of diagnostic devices and devices, the personnel must comply with the rules of the PEEP and PTB when operating electrical equipment, using tools with insulated handles, as well as control devices.

3.2. When checking the operation of diagnostic devices and devices, do not touch open live parts.

3.3. Before performing maintenance and diagnostics, parts, assemblies and assemblies must be cleaned of plant residues and oil contamination.

3.4. Machines for applying fertilizers, plant protection products, operating in the zone of radioactive contamination, must be decontaminated.

3.5. When cleaning machines with compressed air, wear protective goggles and direct the air jet away from you.

3.6. All maintenance work on machines, except for some engine adjustments and diagnostics, is carried out with the machine stopped and the engine stopped.

3.7. Complicated maintenance of the machine and diagnostics should be carried out in places designated for this purpose, equipped with instruments, tools and devices.

3.8. Under the wheels of the machine installed for maintenance, in order to prevent its self-movement, put wheel chocks under the wheels, put on the hand brake, turn off the ignition and cut off the fuel supply.

3.9. When servicing machines with a high location of components and parts, use special platforms equipped with guards or ladders with steps at least 150 mm wide. Do not use ladders.

3.10. Removal, transportation, installation of components and assemblies, weighing more than 20 kg, should be carried out using lifting mechanisms.

3.11. Before removing units and parts related to cooling systems, hydraulic system lubrication and engine power supply, first drain the oil, coolant and fuel into special containers, avoiding liquid spillage.

3.12. A trolley for transporting parts, assemblies, assemblies must have racks and stops that protect loads from spontaneous movement.

3.13. When performing operations in a closed room that require the operation of the machine engine, connect the engine exhaust pipe to exhaust means, and if not, take measures to remove exhaust gases from the room.

3.14. Do not perform work on a machine hung out only on lifting mechanisms (jacks, hoists).

3.15. Before jacking up, place the machine or implement on a flat horizontal platform. Under the base of the jack, place wooden linings of a size that does not allow the jack to sink into the ground. Place an additional sturdy stand next to the jack to stabilize the machine.

3.16. Install the machine only on special stands, do not use random objects.

3.17. Inspect tractors and other self-propelled equipment carefully, avoiding contact with hot parts of machines and engines.

3.18. Be careful when performing various maintenance and diagnostic operations in hard-to-reach places, as you can injure your hands on the sharp edges of bolts, nuts, cotter pins, and equipment.

3.19. Do not allow oil and fuel to come into contact with the skin, as this may cause skin irritation. Remember that it is more difficult to hold the tool in oily hands.

3.20. When diagnosing, removing and installing injectors of diesel engines, determining the quality of atomization of fuel by the injector with a compressionmeter, be careful, as tractor operators often injure their fingers during these operations, and in the process of diagnosing itself, beware of getting fuel on the face and body parts.

3.21. Securely fasten the pressure gauge to prevent it from falling off the seat and possible injury to personnel due to high pressure.

3.22. When checking the hydraulic system of the machine with the diesel engine running, pay attention to the integrity of the hoses, the viciousness of their connection, so that there is no sudden rupture or separation of the hydraulic hoses and the release of hot oil under high pressure.

3.23. When determining the technical condition of the centrifugal oil cleaner rotor, beware of hot oil burns.

3.24. When determining the state of the cylinder-piston group of a diesel engine using a gas flow indicator, ensure its reliable, tight connection with the oil filler neck to avoid hot oil ejection.

3.25. When checking the tightness of the exhaust air path, do not close the exhaust pipe with the palm of your hand; use an indicator for this purpose.

3.26. When checking the tension of the belts, fasten the tool securely to prevent it from slipping off the belt.

3.27. When diagnosing the condition of the undercarriage of a caterpillar tractor, use the jack correctly, lifting one of the sides of the tractor.

3.28. Using diagnostic stands to determine the tractive effort, fuel consumption, brake condition and other parameters of the T-40, Belarus, T-150, Kirovets tractors, observe the following safety measures:

• connect the tractor to the stand frame with a serviceable cable;
• do not stay ahead of the tractor when the engine is loaded;
• beware of a sudden break in the cable and a sharp advance of the tractor forward;
• do not touch or step on the rotating drive drums.

3.29. When cleaning the battery from dirt, adding electrolyte to it, be careful not to get the electrolyte on the skin to avoid burns.

3.30. Do not pour antifreeze through the hose by sucking it up with your mouth.

3.31. Clean the fuel lines on a cold engine after shutting off the fuel supply. Vehicles that have been serviced must be free of fuel leaks and leaks.

3.32. When controlling at idle the correct operation of the individual mechanisms of the machine after adjustment operations, make sure that there are no people in the path of its possible movement and the gear lever is in the neutral position.

3.33. Do not start the engine from a tow.

3.34. When inflating tires, periodically check the pressure to avoid bursting.

3.35. During maintenance of the tractor, lower mounted implements and machines to the ground, fix the moving parts of the machines in a fixed position.

3.36. When raising and lowering agricultural implements, stay away from high pressure pipes to avoid sudden rupture of hoses and release of hot oil under high pressure.

3.37. Maintenance of platforms in the raised state should only be carried out after the safety stand has been installed.

3.38. During the scrolling of the machines after adjusting the units and mechanisms, do not be in the air flow zones of the grinders, and not protected by mechanical transmissions (cardan, gear, belt and chain drives).

3.39. When tightening slip couplings, do not stand opposite the end of the shaft, stand on the side.

3.40. For maintenance of machine-tractor units in the field, use a mobile device equipped with the necessary tools and fixtures.

3.41. When driving to the place of work, use the approved driving route.

3.42. Maintenance of agricultural machinery in the field should be carried out during daylight hours, and at night with sufficient artificial lighting, with the participation of at least 2 workers.

With simultaneous maintenance of the machine by several performers, a responsible person is appointed.

3.43. Place the maintenance unit on a horizontal platform in the most convenient place in relation to the serviced machine, brake and ground.

3.44. Tractors, combine harvesters and self-propelled machines must be in a braked state during maintenance.

3.45. Lift a load of no more than 50 kg. and only with the use of a support device.

3.46. Carry out work under the machines on special floorings or tarpaulins.

3.48. Noise at workplaces should not exceed 80 dBA. If it is impossible to reduce noise to acceptable levels, workplaces must be provided with PPE for hearing organs.

3.49. As a means of protecting workers from noise, individual means in the form of anti-noise headphones or anti-noise inserts (ear plugs) should be used.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. When working with diagnostic devices, the following emergencies may occur:

• ignition, which can lead to a fire;
• impact on a working electric current and various kinds of radiation.

4.2. When extinguishing a fire, it is necessary to use primary fire extinguishing equipment, take part in the evacuation of people. In case of electrical fires, use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers.

4.3. In case of injury, the personnel must stop work, notify the master and contact the first-aid post.

4.4. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to release the victim from the action of the current by immediately turning off the electrical installation with a knife switch or switch.

If it is impossible to turn off the electrical installation quickly enough, it is necessary to release the victim with the help of dielectric gloves, while making sure that you yourself do not become energized. After releasing the victim from the action of the current, it is necessary to assess his condition, call an ambulance doctor and, before the doctor arrives, perform artificial respiration.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. At the end of work, staff should:

• disconnect the control equipment from the electrical network;
• report to the master on the completion of work and the state of the equipment;
• organize your workplace;
• remove overalls and put in a special locker;
• wash your hands and face with soap or take a shower.

5.2. The defectoscopist must inform the foreman about all malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during operation, and about the measures taken to eliminate them.

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