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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions for labor protection during blacksmithing
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. When performing forging work, only workers who are at least 18 years old, who have passed a medical commission, special technical training and passed an exam are allowed. Permission to work independently is documented in writing in the workplace briefing log. Before being allowed to work, a hammersmith must undergo induction and on-the-job training. In the future, he is required to undergo repeated instructions at least once every 3 months. 1.2. When performing blacksmithing work, personnel must know:
1.3. When performing blacksmithing work, personnel must observe:
1.4. While working, the blacksmith is exposed to the following harmful production factors:
1.4. The blacksmith must use the following PPE in his work:
1.5. The blacksmith must know that if the requirements of the instructions are violated, he is liable in accordance with current legislation. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Put on overalls and tuck them in so that they do not have loose ends and unbuttoned cuffs. 2.2. Clean work area and aisles. 2.3. Check the serviceability of the tool, fixtures, you need to require that the workplace is adequately lit. 2.4. Chisels, axes, smoothers and other impact tools must be mounted on serviceable handles without wedging, and hammers with wedging. 2.5. Pincers, tilters, wags, and crowbars must be made of steel that cannot withstand hardening. There should be no looseness in the joint of the pliers, and there must be a stop on the inside of the handles to prevent pinching of the fingers. 2.6. Check the presence of clean water in the tank for cooling the instrument; if necessary, fill the tank with water or replace the water in it. 2.7. Install shields on the side where people pass to prevent flying scale. 2.8. Clean the surfaces of the equipment and the anvil from scale, oil, water and other contaminants. 2.9. Make sure you have fire extinguishing equipment: a fire extinguisher, a shovel, a crowbar, a felt mat and a box of sand and free access to them. 2.10. Examine the forge. Make sure that the fan, air duct, local suction of the umbrella are in good condition and that the umbrella shields are securely fixed in the non-working position. Clean the forge of slag. For a blacksmith with hammers 2.11. Inspect the hammer and make sure that the control mechanisms, high-pressure pipelines and their fastenings, control and signaling devices, safety devices, fencing of dangerous places, as well as the reliability of wedge, bolt and rivet connections are in good condition. 2.12. Make sure that the devices (mesh, grill) are available and in good working order to prevent parts from falling. 2.13. Check for cracks in the rod at the point of its connection with the hammer head, at the striker, at the hammer head and in other dangerous places. 2.14. Check the reliability of fastening and the correct relative position of the strikers. 2.15. Heat the strikers and rod at the junction with the hammer head (especially in cold weather) to a temperature of 200 - 300°C. to avoid them from destruction or premature failure. 2.16. When heating the hammer rod and head with pieces of heated metal, place them firmly on the heated parts of the hammer. 2.17. When heating the strikers, secure the gas burners firmly. When igniting a gas burner, bring a lit torch to the mouth of the burner, and then apply gas. 2.18. Make sure there are no foreign objects in the top of the hammer. 2.19. Check hammer operation at idle. For blacksmith hand forging 2.20. Inspect the equipment and make sure that the anvil, heating devices, and air ducts are in good condition. 2.21. To reduce noise when working, a sheet of rubber 25 - 30 mm thick should be laid between the anvil and the table. 2.22. During normal installation of an anvil, its working surface should be above the floor level within 650 - 800 mm, the distance between the anvil and the forge should be at least 1,5 m, between adjacent anvils at least 4 m and from the anvil to the passage at least 2 m . 2.23. Check for cracks in the anvil by lightly hitting it; the sound should be clear, clear, and without rattling. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. Fire up the horn.
3.2. Work on heating forgings and forging should be carried out only in overalls. 3.3. Observe the temperature regime for forging workpieces established by the documentation. Forging metal that has been burned or cooled below normal can lead to accidents. 3.4. Choose pliers that match the profile to hold and move forgings. The jaws of the pliers must fit snugly against the forging. 3.5. To securely fasten the forging in the pliers, put a safety ring on their handles. 3.6. Before forging, remove scale from the workpiece with a wire brush, scraper, or light hammer blows. 3.7. Do not process metal on a wet anvil or with an unheated tool that is contaminated with petroleum products, resin or oil. 3.8. Warm up tools that are exposed to impact before use. Cool tools that become very hot during use in a tank of clean water. 3.9. Place the workpiece on the anvil so that it fits tightly and is located in the center of the striker. 3.10. Do not place supports under the forging that are not specified in the technological process. 3.11. To lift and move short and heavy workpieces to the anvil or hammer head manually, use self-clamping pliers with spread shanks. Perform these operations only together and at the command of a senior person. 3.12. When striking, hold the handles of the tool only at the side, and not in front of you. Do not put your fingers between the handles of the pliers to avoid squeezing them. 3.13. Apply blows only to the forging area and do not allow blows to the pliers or tool handles. 3.14. When working together, the assistant should stand in a half-turn towards the blacksmith, and not against him. 3.15. While working, give commands clearly and in a loud voice: “Hit”, “Hit hard”, “Hit once”, “Hit until the command stops”. 3.16. Apply the template to the forging only after warning your assistant about it. 3.17. When chopping, always place the chisel or ax vertically. The height of the ax when chopping should not be less than the height of the piece of metal being cut. 3.18. Direct the cut end of the workpiece away from you and to the side, making sure that it does not endanger anyone. 3.19. Do not move workpieces from the forge to the anvil, hammer, or from place to place by throwing or rolling on the floor, as this will lead to injury. 3.20. Do not handle used tools with unprotected hands and do not touch workpieces, forgings, forgings, or stubs without first checking their temperature. 3.21. Do not touch hot metal, even with gloves on. 3.22. If sparks, fragments and scale fly off during operation, use safety glasses. 3.23. Do not allow outside workers to independently forge. 3.24. Watch for the correct operation of the horns, ventilation. 3.25. Don't get distracted by side conversations. 3.26. When working on an anvil, keep the handles of the hand tool at the side of your body so that there is no kickback from blows to the stomach or chest. 3.27. Do not show the hammerman a blow with your hand, but use the tool in your hands to do this. 3.28. When working with a sledgehammer, do not allow the hammerman to stand against you; always stand to the right so that a broken sledgehammer cannot cause a traumatic blow. 3.29. Prepare the tool for work in advance, in cases of uselessness, remove it to the designated place. 3.30. When cutting and trimming hot metal with a blacksmith's ax and chisel, do not stand and do not allow others to stand in the direction where the severed pieces may fly off; if necessary, install protective shields; apply the final blows carefully and lightly. 3.31. Do not scatter hot forgings and stubs around the blacksmith, do not block the passages, but put them in racks and iron boxes. 3.32. Do not sweep away scale and debris from the anvil with your hand or mitten; use a short broom or wire brush for this. 3.33. Remove scale from heated forgings with a metal brush or scraper, or with light blows of a hammer. 3.34. Roll out the rings on the mandrel only with single blows, delivering each subsequent blow after the ring has completely stopped rolling on the mandrel and rotated. 3.35. When forging round workpieces, put on and remove the chuck from it only after clamping it between the strikers. 3.36. Do not cut cold metal. 3.37. Do not place foreign objects on the anvil. 3.38. When the metal cools below the forging container, forging must be stopped. 3.39. Do not allow the assistant to stand opposite the direction of the hammer blow, or behind him. 3.40. During breaks in work, lower the upper hammer to the down position, lock the starting pedal or control lever and turn off the hammer drive. 3.41. Do not perform inspection, cleaning, lubrication, descaling, or adjustment repair work on the equipment while it is turned on. To carry out such work, it is necessary to stop the hammer, turn off the drive, lock the pedal, while the hammer head must be in the lower position or placed on a special stand. 3.41. The blacksmith is prohibited from:
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. If the flame in the gas burner fails or goes out, immediately shut off the gas supply to the burner and then the air supply. The gas forge burner should be ignited only after it has cooled down, the causes that caused the flashover, separation or extinguishing of the flame have been eliminated and the firebox and chimney have been thoroughly ventilated to avoid an explosion. 4.2. If an emergency occurs or workers are injured, immediately:
4.3. When receiving a thermal burn: if the victim’s clothing catches fire, you must quickly throw any dense cloth over him or knock down the flame with water. It is not allowed to run in burning clothes, as the wind, fanning the flame, will increase and intensify the burn. When providing assistance to a victim, in order to avoid infection, do not touch the burned areas of the skin or lubricate them with ointments, fats, oils, sprinkle with baking soda, or starch. Do not open blisters or remove mastic or rosin that has stuck to the burned area, because... By removing them, you can easily tear off the burned skin and thereby create favorable conditions for infection of the wound. For small area burns of the 1st and 2nd degree, a sterile bandage should be applied to the burned area of the skin and sent to the first-aid post. In case of extensive burns, the victim must be wrapped in a clean cloth without undressing him, cover him warmly and call an ambulance. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Stop the hammer: lower the upper striker to the lower position, lock the starting pedal and turn off the hammer drive 5.2. Shut off the gas and air supply to the gas furnace 5.3. Gather hand tools and accessories, and take them to the designated (designated) place. Return the defective instrument for repair. 5.4. Place forgings and blanks in stacks, on racks or metal boxes. 5.5. Tidy up the workplace, remove cuttings, scale. 5.6. Take a shower.
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