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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instruction on labor protection for a truck driver. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection 1. General provisions 1.1. Driving a truck is allowed for persons not younger than 18 years of age, appointed by order of the enterprise, having a certificate for the right to drive the corresponding type of vehicle and having passed:
Drivers who have completed additional training courses and have corresponding certificate. The performance of work not related to the duties of the driver is allowed after a targeted briefing. 1.2. The driver is obliged: 1.2.1. Observe the norms, rules and instructions on labor protection and fire safety, traffic rules, internal labor regulations. 1.2.2. Properly apply collective and individual protective equipment, treat with care the overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment issued for use. 1.2.3. Immediately inform your immediate supervisor about an accident that occurred at work, about signs of an occupational disease, as well as about a situation that poses a threat to life and health of people. 1.2.4. Know how to handle fire equipment and use it correctly in case of fire. 1.2.5. Perform only assigned work. 1.3. It is forbidden to drink alcoholic beverages, as well as to start work in a state of alcoholic or drug intoxication. Smoking is allowed only in specially equipped places. 1.4. Dangerous and harmful production factors in the performance of work are:
Of paramount importance among harmful production factors belongs to neuro-emotional stress. The amount of stress is related to the amount and nature of the incoming information, responsibility for the life of road users and the preservation of their health, for the safety of material assets, and also depends on the individual characteristics of the driver. The information flow coming to the driver of the car, under certain conditions, can cause a state of monotony and falling asleep while driving. This is observed when traveling in a traffic flow that moves at a uniform speed, and is exacerbated by the monotony of the route, low traffic intensity. Neuro-emotional stress also depends on specific situations in real road conditions: sudden braking, overtaking and difficult passage of an unregulated and regulated intersection, embedding in and out of traffic flow, etc. 1.5. Overalls and other personal protective equipment are issued in accordance with DNAOP 0.00-3.06-98 "Model norms for the free issuance of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to road transport workers", namely:
The head of the enterprise is obliged to replace or repair overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment that have become unusable before the expiration of the established wear period for reasons beyond the control of the employee. 1.6. In case of illness or injury, both at work and outside it, it is necessary to inform the manager about this and contact the medical institution. 1.7. In case of an accident, help the victim in accordance with the instructions for providing first aid, call a medical officer. Preserve the situation at the workplace as it was at the time of the incident until the investigation, if this does not threaten the life and health of others and does not lead to an accident. 1.8. If a malfunction of equipment, fixtures, tools is detected, report this to the manager. Use and use of faulty equipment and tools is prohibited. 1.9. When moving around the territory, the following requirements must be observed:
1.10. To comply with the rules of personal hygiene, the driver must have detergents in the car (surfactant, suitable for use on the skin - such as "Rally", etc.), a brush for washing hands, a towel, and rags for wiping hands from fuels and lubricants. Drivers who have contact (dirty hands) with various oils, paints and varnishes, etc. (transportation of these substances, performance of repair work), must be provided with protective ointments, pastes. 1.11. For drinking, you should use water from saturators, equipped fountains or drinking tanks. 1.12. Eating should be in equipped rooms (dining room, canteen, dining room). 1.13. The driver of the car must undergo a medical examination annually. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. When preparing the car for departure, the driver must check:
2.2. Refuel the car with fuel when the engine is not running. Refueling of vehicles with leaded gasoline should be carried out from a gas station with a hose equipped with a dispensing gun. It is forbidden to refuel vehicles with leaded gasoline using buckets, watering cans, etc., as well as dispense leaded gasoline into containers (canisters). The tanker and the driver must be on the windward side of the vehicle when refueling. At the filling station it is prohibited:
2.3. Before filling the engine cooling system with antifreeze, you must:
2.4. Departure of the car on the route with malfunctions that threaten traffic safety is prohibited. 2.5. Before starting the engine, make sure that the car is braked with the parking brake and the gear lever is in neutral. 2.6. Before starting the engine of a car connected to the heating system, it is first necessary to turn off and disconnect the heating elements. 2.7. It is forbidden to start the engine by towing the car and switching the starter power circuit. 2.8. The engine must be started using the starter. The starter handle may only be used in exceptional cases. When starting the car engine with the starting handle, it is necessary, in addition to the requirements in accordance with clause 2.5, to additionally adhere to the following requirements:
2.9. The speed of vehicles on the territory of the enterprise should not exceed 10 km / h, and in the premises - 5 km / h. 2.10. The technical condition of the vehicle and its units should be checked before leaving the territory of the enterprise and after returning to the enterprise with braked wheels. An exception to this rule is the case of testing the brakes. 2.11. To inspect the car at night, you should use a portable electric lamp with a voltage not exceeding 12 V with a safety net or an electric lamp with autonomous power supply. 2.12. When checking the technical condition of the car, it is also necessary to check the range and serviceability of the tools and devices issued to the driver. 2.13. Before starting work, the driver must check that:
2.14. The driver is obliged to check that the car is provided with hard blocks (at least two pieces) for putting under the wheels, a wide lining under the heel of the jack, as well as a first aid kit, an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light and a fire extinguisher. 2.15. The driver does not have the right to drive a car if its technical condition does not comply with the Rules of the Road, the Rules for the Technical Operation of the Rolling Stock of Road Transport and the Rules for Labor Protection in Road Transport. 2.16. The driver can go on the route only after passing a medical examination and a corresponding mark in the waybill. 2.17. Before leaving for a trip lasting more than a day, the driver must be familiar with the mode of work and rest, have a route recorded in the waybill indicating places of temporary and long-term rest. 2.18. Before boarding passengers on a truck intended for transporting people, the driver must instruct passengers on the procedure for boarding and disembarking, and warn them that standing in the back of a moving vehicle is prohibited. Transportation of children in the back of a truck is prohibited. 2.19. Passage in the bodies of trucks not equipped for the carriage of passengers is allowed only to persons accompanying (receiving) cargo, provided that they are provided with a seat located below the level of the sides. 2.20. It is forbidden:
3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. Comply with the requirements of the traffic rules and the instructions of the traffic controllers in accordance with the traffic regulations. 3.2. Choose the speed of movement, taking into account road conditions, visibility and visibility, the intensity and nature of traffic on the roads, the characteristics of the state of the car and the cargo or passengers carried. 3.3. Before reversing the car, the driver must make sure that no one is passing around him, and that there are no people or any obstacles nearby. Before starting to reverse in conditions of insufficient rear visibility (due to cargo in the cabin, when leaving the gate, etc.), the driver must demand, and the consignor is obliged to allocate a person to organize the movement of the car. 3.4. Do not drive with the doors open. 3.5. Persons in the vehicle are required to comply with the driver's safety requirements. 3.6. Turn on the dipped headlights when driving during the day in conditions of insufficient visibility (less than 300 m), in tunnels, and also regardless of visibility conditions when driving in a column of cars, when towing, when transporting children, when transporting bulky or dangerous goods. 3.7. To unload cargo from a dump truck into a ravine, a river from a cliff should be in the presence of a securely fixed breaker bar. In the absence of a beam, it is impossible to drive closer to the edge than 1 m from the rear wheel. 3.8. Car crossings ford and on ice should be carried out only in places marked with special signs and signs. 3.9. The driver is obliged to take the necessary measures to eliminate minor malfunctions discovered during work on the line and do not threaten the safety of traffic and the safety of people, vehicles and cargo. If the fault cannot be rectified, proceed to the nearest repair depot or return to the garage, taking the necessary precautions. 3.10. When stopping (parking) the car, the driver, leaving the vehicle, must take measures against its spontaneous movement: stop the engine, set the gear lever to neutral, brake the car with the parking brake. If the car is standing even on a slight slope, it is necessary to additionally put chocks under the wheels. On descents and ascents, where the method of setting is not regulated by traffic control means, vehicles must be placed at an angle to the edge of the carriageway so as to exclude the possibility of their spontaneous movement. 3.11. When leaving the car, the driver must make sure of the condition of the surface (presence of potholes, slipperiness, foreign objects, etc.), and when entering the roadway, also of the absence of traffic in both the same and oncoming directions. 3.12. Coupling and uncoupling of vehicles with trailers and semi-trailers must be carried out only on a flat, non-slip surface with a hard surface. 3.13. The coupling of a road train consisting of a car and a trailer must be carried out by three people - the driver, the working coupler and the person coordinating their work. At the same time, the driver drives the car back at the slowest speed, strictly following the commands of the person coordinating the coupling. It is forbidden to assist the coupler, as well as to leave his place before the end of the coupler. In exceptional cases (long-distance flights, transportation of agricultural products from the fields, etc.), the coupling is allowed to be carried out by one driver. In this case, he must:
It is forbidden to hitch if the trailer drawbar is defective (lack of drawbar springs, stops, their failure, etc.). 3.14. Ensure that the sides of the semi-trailer are closed during coupling and uncoupling. Before coupling, make sure that the fifth wheel coupling, kingpin and their fastening are in good order; the semi-trailer is braked by the parking brake; the front part of the semi-trailer is located in such a way that when hitching, the front edge of the base plate falls on the skids or on the saddle. If necessary, raise or lower the front of the semi-trailer. Before hitching, chocks should be placed under the wheels of the semi-trailer. It is forbidden to uncouple when the rollers of the supporting device are not lowered, as well as when the semi-trailer is loaded unevenly. 3.15. Before hitching the vehicle to the semi-trailer, hang the connecting hoses and electric wires on the hook of the front side of the semi-trailer with the help of a retracting spring so that they do not interfere with the hitch. After coupling, connect the connecting hoses and electrical wires. 3.16. When repairing a car on the route, the driver must comply with the safety requirements:
When working on the roadside under the car, it is forbidden to stand on the side of the roadway. 3.17. When carrying out repair work in an unheated room or in the open air, lying under a car or kneeling, it is necessary to use sun loungers, mats. 3.18. It is forbidden to heat the engine with an open flame. 3.19. If the engine overheats, the radiator cap can only be opened when the water (liquid) temperature is below 100 °C, otherwise boiling water will be released when the cap is opened. The radiator cap on a hot engine must be opened with gloves or covered with a rag. The cork should be opened carefully, not allowing intense steam to escape towards the opening. 3.20. To prevent cases of frostbite when troubleshooting in winter, you should only work with gloves on the road. It is forbidden to touch metal objects, parts and tools with hands without gloves. 3.21. To avoid a fire on the car, it is prohibited:
3.22. The driver is prohibited:
3.23. When towing a vehicle, it is necessary to ensure constant monitoring of the towed vehicle (the driver must be in the cab of the towed vehicle). The length of the connecting link of a rigid hitch should not exceed 4 m, and a flexible one - 6 m; at the same time, the connecting link of the flexible coupling every meter must be indicated by signal boards or flags with a size of at least 200 x 200 mm. Switch on during towing during daylight hours, regardless of the visibility conditions on the towing vehicle, the dipped headlights, and on the towed vehicle, the marker lights; in case of poor visibility on the towed vehicle, turn on the rear marker lights, and when towing on a flexible hitch, turn on the front marker lights. Towing is prohibited:
3.24. When working on the intra-plant line, in addition to the Rules of the Road and the requirements of the labor protection instructions, observe the following additional requirements:
3.25. When loading long cargo, the following safety rules must be observed:
3.26. Before transporting containers, the driver is obliged to inspect the loaded containers in order to determine the correct loading, serviceability, and reliability of fastening the containers on specialized semi-trailers or universal vehicles (road trains). 3.27. When transporting containers, the driver must observe the following precautions:
3.28. Loading of dangerous goods on the vehicle and unloading it from the vehicle must be carried out with the engine off, except for cases of loading and unloading (oil products into the tanker) produced using a pump installed on the vehicle and driven by the vehicle engine. The driver in this case should be at the pump control panel. 3.29. It is forbidden:
3.30. Before loading the car onto railway platforms using lifting mechanisms, the driver must:
3.31. After loading the vehicle onto a railway platform, you must ensure that it is securely fastened and that there are no oily cleaning materials or additional containers with flammable and lubricating liquids on it and the platform. 4. Safety requirements after finishing work 4.1. After returning from the route, clean the car from dirt and put it in the place reserved for parking. 4.2. In winter, when stored in an unheated garage, drain the water from the radiator and engine. 4.3. Staying overnight in a closed car is prohibited. 4.4. When the car stops, the driver, leaving the cab, must take all measures against spontaneous movement - turn off the ignition or cut off the fuel supply, set the gear lever to neutral, brake with the parking brake. If the car is standing even on a slight slope, it is necessary to additionally put chocks under the wheels. 4.5. Before parking the vehicle, the driver must ensure that there is no fuel leakage or repair it. 4.6. When stopping and parking on unlit sections of the road at night or in other conditions of insufficient visibility, the marker or parking lights must be switched on by the car. 4.7. The width of the passage between cars in the parking area must be sufficient for the free entry of the car into its place (in one maneuver), and the distance from the border of the passage to the car must be at least 0,5 m. 4.8. After parking the car in the parking lot, the engine must be turned off. 4.9. In the premises intended for parking, as well as in parking lots under a canopy or on platforms, it is prohibited:
5. Safety requirements in emergency situations 5.1. In the event of a traffic accident, the drivers involved in it must:
5.2. If a fire occurs while driving, it is necessary to stop the car, take measures to extinguish the fire with fire extinguishing equipment. 5.3. In the event of a fire, inform the fire brigade, the head of work and proceed to extinguish the fire. When clothing catches fire, it is necessary, first of all, to extinguish the flame with improvised material. At the same time, it is impossible to cover the victim with his head in order to avoid burns of the respiratory tract and poisoning with toxic combustion products. 5.4. When a car is forced to stop on the side of the road or at the edge of the road for repairs, the driver must turn on the hazard warning lights, put on a warning vest and install an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light at a distance of no closer than 20 m to the vehicle in populated areas and 40 m - beyond them. 5.5. Before lifting a part of the car with a jack, it is necessary to install the car on a horizontal non-slip area outside the carriageway, stop the engine, brake the car with a parking brake, remove people from the passenger compartment, close the doors, install stop blocks under the non-lifting wheels. When lifting a part of the car on a dirt surface, it is necessary to level the jack installation site, put a solid wooden stand with an area of at least 0,1 m² or a board under the jack. It is forbidden to install the jack on random objects. 5.6. When inflating or inflating tires removed from the car on the road, it is necessary to install a safety fork of the appropriate length and strength in the wheel disc windows or put the wheel with the lock ring down. 5.7. If the smell of gasoline appears while driving, the driver must immediately stop the car, identify the cause of the smell and eliminate it. 5.8. On a car running on gas fuel, in case of any malfunction of the high and low pressure reducers, the electromagnetic shut-off valve, it is necessary to close the supply and main valves, and remove the faulty components from the vehicle and send them to a special workshop (specialized area) for testing. 5.9. In case of a forced stop at a railway crossing, the driver of the car is obliged to disembark people and immediately take all measures to free the crossing and stop the train. If the car cannot be removed from the crossing, the car driver must:
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