Instructions on labor protection during the operation of reservoir pressure maintenance and enhanced oil recovery facilities

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Instructions on labor protection during the operation of reservoir pressure maintenance and enhanced oil recovery facilities. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. During the operation of oil fields, to maintain reservoir pressure and enhance oil recovery, injection of water, steam, hydrocarbon gases, carbon dioxide, and air into productive reservoirs is used to maintain the process of in-situ combustion.

This Instruction contains safety requirements for equipment and technological operations.

For issues not covered by this Instruction, you should be guided by the relevant rules.

1.2. The construction of pipelines and installations must be carried out in full accordance with the design documentation.

If it is necessary to deviate from the requirements of the project documentation, a written permission of the organizations that developed the project documentation must be obtained; deviations from the design documentation must also be agreed with the customer organization.

1.3. Persons at least 18 years of age who have been trained and tested on the safe conduct of work related to processes and equipment focused on maintaining reservoir pressure and enhancing oil recovery are allowed to operate and repair equipment for maintaining reservoir pressure and enhanced oil recovery.

1.4. This Instruction establishes safety requirements for pipelines for the transport of water, hydrocarbon gas, air, carbon dioxide, steam and hot water with a pressure of 2,5 MPa to 21,0 MPa (wet steam - 16,0 MPa), as well as compressors, pumps, steam generators or water heating installations, switchgears (combiners), to the equipment of the mouth of injection wells for methods of maintaining reservoir pressure and increasing oil recovery.

The requirements of this Instruction must be taken into account both when designing pipelines and during their construction, operation and repair.

1.5. The requirements for the performance and acceptance of construction, installation and testing of pipelines in this Instruction are established taking into account the category of the pipeline.

The categories of pipelines in this Instruction are regulated in accordance with the Rules for the Construction and Safe Operation of Pipelines, the Safety Rules in the Oil and Gas Industry.

Pipelines of category I with a conditional bore of more than 70 mm, as well as pipelines of categories II and III with a conditional bore of more than 100 mm, must be registered by local bodies of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia before being put into operation. Other pipelines covered by this Instruction are subject to registration at the enterprises that own the pipelines.

1.6. By order of the enterprise (pipeline owner), from among engineering and technical workers, a person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of pipelines must be appointed.

1.7. Maintenance of electrical equipment is allowed for technical personnel who know the schemes of the equipment used, instructions for its operation, who have undergone industrial training and internships at the workplace, as well as testing knowledge in accordance with the PTE and PTB with the assignment of a qualification group for electrical safety.

1.8. Mounting and dismantling of equipment, inspection, repair and adjustment of it must be carried out by technical personnel of the oil field who have undergone appropriate training.

Non-electrotechnical personnel (oil and gas production operators) who have the I qualification group for electrical safety are allowed to start and stop the equipment.

1.9. Personnel allowed to operate wells and repair equipment must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment provided for this type of work.

1.10. Repair work on pipelines and installations must be carried out with the permission of the management of the enterprise - the owner of the pipelines, which are recorded in a special journal.

1.11. Repair work should be carried out after shutting off the repaired section of the pipeline and in the absence of excess pressure in it. On all disabled valves and gates, posters should be posted with the inscription: "Do not open, people are working!"

1.12. Engineering and technical workers and workers who service facilities, pipelines (wells, distribution points, etc.) must undergo additional instruction on the safe performance of work according to a program that takes into account the requirements of the rules.

1.13. The briefing program is developed by the labor protection service of the enterprise and approved by the chief engineer.

1.14. Works in wells are carried out on the basis of a permit for hazardous work.

The person responsible for the performance of work is appointed from among the engineering and technical workers. Before descending people, the well is subjected to forced ventilation with air, the air environment in the well is analyzed for the content of hydrocarbon gases and hydrogen sulfide. The air environment must meet the requirements of sanitary standards.

1.15. Work in the wells is carried out by a team of at least three people: one - doing the work, two - observing. The worker and observers must wear belts with cross-shaped straps and a strong signal rescue rope attached to them, the free end of which is brought out and is in the hands of the observers.

To protect the respiratory organs, all members of the brigade are provided only with hose or insulating gas masks.

Hot work is carried out only with a fully open hatch and forced ventilation.

The duration of continuous operation in the well should not exceed 15 minutes. followed by rest in the air for 15 minutes.

Before issuing gas masks, personnel must be trained by the work manager in their correct use.

1.16. The work manager (foreman, foreman) is obliged to ensure that:

personal protective equipment (PPE) and a gas mask were issued in a timely manner and had the appropriate protective properties, type and size;
PPE, gas mask and safety devices were tested in a timely manner;
workers used PPE and devices only for their intended purpose.

1.17. Work on faulty equipment and mechanisms, with guards removed or faulty, as well as the use of faulty PPE is prohibited.

1.18. It is forbidden to allow to work persons who are intoxicated with alcohol or drugs, tired and sick.

1.19. The administration of the enterprise, on the basis of instructions for the personnel of technological installations and this Instruction, taking into account the peculiarities of local conditions, must develop and approve production instructions for personnel in the prescribed manner.

1.20. For non-compliance with the requirements of this Instruction, the maintenance personnel shall be liable in accordance with the established procedure.

1.21. Entry of personnel on duty and departure from duty must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the internal regulations.

When taking on duty, the personnel are obliged to familiarize themselves with the entries in the shift log and check the serviceability of the serviced installations and related equipment, as well as the serviceability of emergency lighting and signaling to call the administration. If a malfunction is found, take corrective action.

1.22. Acceptance and handover of duty must be documented by the shift supervisor (shift supervisor), an entry in the log, confirmed by the signature of the shift supervisor, indicating the results of checking the installations and equipment related to them.

Workplaces should have safety posters and warning signs appropriate for the work being done.

1.23. Each installation must have the following documentation:

design description and maintenance manual;
general view drawings and main equipment components;
passports of vessels subject to registration with Gosgortekhnadzor bodies;
passports and magazines for the operation and repair of ventilation units;
audit logs of instrumentation, automation and blocking tools;
a log of inspection, checking the condition and repair of pipelines;
schemes of communication lines of pipelines and placement of fittings;
schemes of gas lines in the piping of installations;
diagrams of devices and systems for manual and automatic control, control, alarm, blocking and emergency stop;
instructions of the enterprise on labor safety;
emergency response plan (PLA);
schedules of scheduled preventive inspections and repairs of equipment.

A metal plate with the following data must be affixed to the front of each unit:

name of the manufacturer;
plant serial number;
year of issue;
operating pressure and temperature of the working agent;
trial hydraulic pressure;
heating surface area (for heat generating installations).

1.24. Connection of pipeline elements should be made by welding. The use of flanged connections can only be allowed for connecting the pipeline to fittings and equipment parts that have flanges.

1.25. The placement of pipelines and other communications in the floor part of the room should be carried out in channels closed with removable corrugated steel shields.

1.26. Thermal insulation of the pipeline should be carried out after testing for strength and density and elimination of all defects found during this.

1.27. In industrial premises with heat pipelines, in a conspicuous place, it is necessary to hang out diagrams of heat pipelines made in conditional colors.

Instructions for the start-up, maintenance and repair of heat pipelines should be located at the workplaces of the maintenance personnel.

1.28. Production sites must be kept clean. Spilled oil and oil products must be removed, and the area periodically cleared of dirt, snow and ice.

Smoking is allowed in specially designated and equipped areas.

1.29. The maintenance personnel is obliged to immediately stop the installation in emergency cases, inform the administration about it and act in accordance with the PLA.

1.30. In the event of a fire at one of the steam generating installations, the personnel must immediately call the fire brigade and take all measures to extinguish without stopping monitoring the installations.

In the event of a fire in a gaseous fuel installation, immediately turn off the gas pipeline using a valve installed outdoors.

If a fire threatens the installations and it is not possible to extinguish it quickly, it is necessary to stop the installations in an emergency order, intensively feeding them with water and releasing steam into the atmosphere (outdoors).

1.31. Fixed installations must have two-way radiotelephone communications.

Communication must operate around the clock.

1.32. Do not tighten or adjust or plug safety valves if they are leaking.

2. Requirements for equipment and mechanisms

2.1. The equipment used, as well as devices, shut-off valves (safety devices) must have a passport of the manufacturer (supplier). Boilers, steam heaters, economizers, as well as materials for the manufacture of this equipment, purchased abroad, must meet the requirements and standards.

2.2. Process equipment (head fittings of injection wells, pumps, compressors, steam boiler plants), distribution systems, as well as process pipelines and their piping must be equipped with process control and regulation devices, devices for introducing corrosion inhibitors. Control over the operation of technological equipment should be carried out according to technological regulations.

2.3. To measure temperature and pressure, the mouth of injection wells must provide for the installation of pressure gauges and thermometers.

2.4. Pressure gauges and thermometers should be located so that their readings are clearly visible to personnel. Free and convenient access to them should be provided. For steam injection wells, the pressure gauge housing must be protected from thermal effects.

2.5. Pressure gauges should be installed in places with the least pulsation, be equipped with compensators and have a device to be able to change them in the presence of pressure in the device.

2.6. The level of noise and vibration at workplaces during equipment operation should not exceed the standards established by GOST 12.1.003-83 and GOST 12.1.012-90.

2.7. Pumping, compressor units and heat generating installations must be equipped with equipment and safety devices that provide damping of vibrations and water hammer.

Vibration at workplaces should not exceed the maximum permissible values.

2.8. Permissible maximum vibration amplitudes of the main pipelines and inter-unit pipelines and apparatuses are 0,20 mm at a frequency of up to 40 Hz.

2.9. The sound level at workplaces during long-term continuous operation of units and compressors should not exceed 85 dB.

2.10. In order to ensure the start-up of the units in winter, as well as to maintain the temperature inside the units, electric heaters must be installed.

2.11. All elements of equipment and communications that have a surface temperature above 45 ° C must be covered with heat-insulating material or have a fence.

2.12. Sealing elements and flange connections should have protective covers, and locking devices, if possible, be controlled remotely.

2.13. Technological installations, compressor and pumping stations must be equipped with:

control devices for the technological parameters of the transported product;
a system of instruments for diagnosing technological equipment (oil temperature and pressure, bearing temperature, vibration);
air environment control system in the process plant room;
supply and exhaust ventilation system;
a warning and emergency stop system for compressor, pumping and boiler units in case of violation of the technological parameters of their operation, the air in the room, in case of failure of the ventilation system;
radio and telephone communication system, fire extinguishing.

2.14. Compressor, pumping stations and boiler rooms with permanent attendants must have control panels in the engine room and in the operator room.

2.15. The air environment control system must be interlocked with the supply and exhaust ventilation system and the alarm system.

2.16. A non-return valve and a safety valve connected with the intake of the pump, compressor must be installed on the discharge line of the compressor and pump up to the shut-off device.

2.17. For pumping liquid carbon dioxide, stuffing box seals must be used to prevent product leakage, and parts in contact with carbon dioxide must be made of corrosion-resistant material.

2.18. Equipment of installations, their piping, shut-off devices, instrumentation, control panels should be located in such a way as to ensure safe conditions for their operation, maintenance and repair.

2.19. Gate valves and gates that require a lot of effort to open must be provided with bypass lines and mechanical or electric actuators.

2.20. The furnaces of boiler houses and other technical installations must be equipped with a forced ventilation system interlocked with a fuel ignition device.

3. Operation and repair

3.1. Reservoir pressure maintenance (injection of water into the reservoir).

3.1.1. The filters of the water treatment plant for their maintenance must be equipped with a platform with a width of at least 1 m with railings and mid-flight stairs.

3.1.2. Loading filters, reagents into the shutter tank and dissolving reagents in water must be mechanized.

3.1.3. The filters must be installed so that the hatches for cleaning them are directed in one direction, accessible to the car. Under the hatches there should be chutes for lowering sand and gravel.

3.1.4. When flushing the latter, the valves of the pump and filter must be opened and closed remotely from the control panel.

3.1.5. For maintenance of the chemical seal tank, at least 1 m wide passages equipped with railings must be arranged around it.

3.1.6. Basins for water settling should have enclosing railings and shut-off gates equipped with metal platforms, with a width and length of at least 1 m.

The pool cleaning system must be mechanized.

3.1.7. Wells of water wells must be equipped with ladders for maintenance personnel and lighting, have lifting mechanisms for extracting equipment.

3.1.8. Before commissioning, the piping of the pumping units must be pressurized to XNUMX times the operating pressure. When pressure testing pipelines, the requirements stipulated by the "Safety Rules in the Oil and Gas Industry" must be met.

The results of pressure testing are documented in an act.

3.1.9. The premises of water pumping stations and BKNS should be equipped with stationary or provided with mobile lifting mechanisms and have entrances and platforms for the access and operation of lifting mechanisms.

3.1.10. At an automated pumping station on the starting device, a shield with the inscription: "Attention, automatic start-up!"

3.1.11. A pressure gauge and a non-return valve must be installed on the pump discharge line up to the shut-off device.

3.1.12. At the cluster water pumping station, the drain pipelines must be located outside the pumping room.

3.1.13. During the cold period of the year, standby and stopped pumps and communications should be freed from liquid, and at start-up they should be checked for the absence of ice in the pump cavities and ice plugs in the communications.

It is prohibited to heat equipment and pipelines with an open flame.

3.1.14. Storage of flammable and combustible liquids above the established norms in the premises of pumping stations is prohibited.

3.1.15. When starting and stopping the pump, the correct condition of the shut-off and control valves must be checked.

3.1.16. The wellhead fittings of injection wells must be pressure tested in assembled form to the test pressure provided for in the certificate, and after installation in the well, they should be pressure tested to a pressure acceptable for pressure testing of the production string.

The results of pressure testing are documented in an act.

3.1.1 The wellhead valves of injection wells, regardless of the expected pressure, must be mounted with a full set of studs and on the seals provided for in the specifications for the supply of valves.

3.1.18. It is forbidden to circulate fluid from stopped injection wells through the communications of the water pumping station.

4. Enhanced oil recovery

4.1. Steam and hot water injection

4.1.1. Thermal insulation of the heat pipeline should be carried out after testing for strength and density and after eliminating all defects found in this case.

4.1.2. In areas of heat pipelines that can be turned off by shut-off devices, in order to be able to warm up and purge them, it is necessary to install a fitting with a valve at the end points, and at pressures above 2,5 MPa - a fitting and two valves in series - shut-off and control (drain).

Heat pipelines for a nominal pressure of 16 MPa and above must be provided with a fitting with successively located shut-off, control valves and a throttle washer.

The device of drainages should provide for the possibility of monitoring their work during the heating of the heat pipeline.

4.1.3. Steam and superheated water heat pipes are to be painted over their entire length or colored rings are applied to them every 50 m, as well as before entering the wall and after leaving it, at measuring instruments, bends, on both sides of bends, valves, valves and other fittings.

4.1.4. In order to avoid injury to operating personnel from accidental passages of steam and overheated water through the sealing elements, it must be possible to remotely control the locking devices.

4.1.5. For the production of deep measurements (manometer, thermometer) in the well, it is necessary to use a lubricator with a pressure relief valve. Installing a lubricator on a buffer valve is allowed after the wellhead temperature drops to 45°C.

4.1.6. When installing the lubricator, the direction of the bleed valve must be chosen taking into account the direction of the wind and the safety of the operating personnel.

4.1.7. On valves, gate valves, indicate the number according to the operating diagram, the direction of the injected coolant and the "Open" - "Closed" position.

4.1.8. When equipping a steam injection well with a packer device, it is allowed to provide compensation for temperature elongations of tubing pipes both inside the wells with thermal compensators and at the wellhead using a swivel joint included in the set of manufactured steam fittings for wells.

4.1.9. Prior to carrying out any work inside the installation, connected to other operating installations by common pipelines (steam, feed, drain, drain lines, etc.), as well as before inspection or repair of pressure elements, the installation must be separated from all heat pipes with plugs.

4.1.10. Before starting work on boiler installations, the furnace and gas ducts must be ventilated and reliably protected from possible penetration of gases and dust from the gas ducts of operating installations.

4.1.11. Before injection of steam and superheated water, it should be checked whether all valves are open in the direction of movement of the heat carrier from the source of steam supply to the well, whether the condensate is drained and whether the heat pipeline is purged.

4.1.12. The distance from the steam distribution point or from the distribution steam pipeline to the mouth of the injection well must be at least 25 m.

4.1.13. The mouths of steam injection wells must be equipped according to the project agreed with the State Mining and Technical Supervision, and fenced. The design of the fence must be quick-detachable.

4.1.14. The outlet from the annulus of the injection well should be directed to the side, free from the presence of people and equipment. If there is a packer in the well, the valve on the outlet must be open.

4.1.15. Start-up, maintenance and repair of equipment, mechanisms, steam generators and hot water installations must be carried out in accordance with the operating and repair instructions.

4.1.16. In stuffing boxes on the wellhead fittings of injection and production wells, heat-resistant packing material should be used. When lowering tubing into the well, it is recommended to lubricate the threaded connections with heat-resistant paste.

4.1.17. All heat pipelines must be tested for strength and tightness before putting them into operation after installation, repair or downtime for more than one year.

The value of the test pressure should be equal to 1,25 of the working pressure.

The pressure should rise and fall smoothly. The exposure time of the pipeline and its elements under test pressure must be at least 5 minutes.

4.1.18. Testing of heat pipelines must be carried out in strict accordance with the program approved by the chief engineer of the enterprise, under the direct supervision of the foreman. The admission of unauthorized persons to the tested sections of heat pipelines is prohibited.

4.1.19. During the testing of the heat pipeline, constant monitoring of the entire route of the heat pipeline should be organized. The locations of the shut-off valves of the tested heat pipeline must be marked with safety warning signs.

4.1.20. Inspection of the tested heat pipelines to detect a malfunction is allowed only after the test pressure has been reduced to working pressure. It must be carried out by specially designated and instructed persons for this purpose.

4.1.21. Elimination of defects found during testing should be carried out only after the pressure in the heat pipe is reduced to atmospheric pressure. After elimination of the detected defects, the test should be repeated.

Correction of welding defects by caulking or welding without first removing the defective sections is prohibited.

4.1.22. Before hydraulic testing of heat pipelines, it is necessary to check the presence of air vents at their highest points, and drainage fittings with drain lines in low areas.

During the filling of heat pipelines with water, the air vents must be open until water appears in them, after which they close.

At the end of the test, the air vents and drainage lines must be open and the heat pipe must be completely free of water.

4.1.23. Maintenance personnel must monitor the condition of thermal and vibration insulation of heat pipelines and take timely measures to eliminate their violations.

Measurements of noise and vibration at workplaces should be made during all tests of installations, as well as at least once a year during their operation.

The results of measurements should be recorded in the sanitary-technical passport.

4.1.24. It is forbidden to install clamps on the heat pipe in order to eliminate gaps.

4.1.25. Heat pipelines and equipment must be subject to periodic inspection in accordance with the schedule approved by the management of the enterprise. The results of the check should be recorded in a special log.

4.1.26. When performing maintenance operations on the furnace, as well as when blowing out the boiler, it is necessary to wear protective goggles.

4.1.27. When working on the installation, on its sites and in gas ducts, lamps with a voltage of no higher than 12 V must be used for lighting.

4.1.28. When entering a room with a non-working installation (on gaseous fuel), check the gas analyzer for the presence of gas in it.

If signs of gas contamination of the premises are found, the inclusion of electric lighting and electrical equipment that is not made in an explosion-proof design, as well as the use of open fire, is prohibited.

4.1.29. It is forbidden to leave the steam generator plant unsupervised until the complete cessation of combustion in the furnace, the removal of fuel residues from it and the pressure in the system is reduced to zero.

4.1.30. Preparation of equipment for repair should be carried out according to the plan - schedule, indicating the persons responsible for the preparation and conduct of work, and measures to ensure the safety of workers.

4.1.31. At each site, a repair log should be kept, in which, signed by the persons responsible for the safety of the operation of the boilers, as well as for the good condition and safe operation of the heat pipelines, information should be entered on the repair work performed that does not necessitate an early survey.

Information about repair work that necessitates an extraordinary (early) survey of the installation should be recorded in the passport.

4.1.32. Repair of the equipment of the steam generator set is allowed only after its operation has been stopped, the power has been cut off, the pressure has dropped to zero and the temperature has dropped to 45°C.

4.1.33. Only welders who have passed the tests in accordance with the "Rules for Testing Electric Welders and Gas Welders" approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia and who have a certificate of the established form can be admitted to welding work on the manufacture, installation and repair of heat pipelines.

4.1.34. Checking the correct operation of the safety valves of the steam generator by purging must be carried out when working with a pressure of more than 6 MPa at least after 1000 hours of operation of the unit and, in addition, when it is stopped for scheduled repairs, as well as when the unit is turned on, if the safety valves were repaired or new ones were installed .

4.1.35. The serviceability of the safety valves of steam generators must be checked in the presence of the shift manager with the results of the check recorded in the shift log.

4.1.36. The commissioning of the steam generator after shutdown, repair or a long break must be carried out in accordance with its maintenance manual and in the presence of a person responsible for the safe operation of the steam generator set.

4.1.37. Start-up of installations and running-in after installation or overhaul should be carried out on cold water.

4.1.38. During the operation of heat pipelines, the following must be carried out:

check according to the indications of the benchmarks that the thermal expansions correspond to the design ones, as well as the absence of vibration;
tightness control of fittings and flange connections.

4.1.39. Work on the commissioning of heat pipelines can only be started if the following documents are available:

the technological scheme for the development of the field, approved in the prescribed manner;
regulations for the development and bringing to the technological regime of heat pipelines.

4.1.40. Heating and cooling of heat pipelines should be carried out at a rate not exceeding 30°C/hour.

4.1.41. Before starting any work related to the repair or maintenance of heat pipelines or steam injection wells, if there is a risk of burns to people from steam or hot water, plugs must be installed on all inlet and outlet pipelines.

The specified plugs and plugs installed between the flanges of heat pipelines must be of appropriate strength and have a protruding part (shank). When installing gaskets between the flanges and the plug, the gaskets must be without shanks.

All work performed must be issued with a work permit.

4.1.42. Drainage of water and steam must be carried out through the drain valve. Reducing the pressure in the heat pipelines and draining them by loosening some of the bolts of the flange connections can only be allowed if there is no possibility of emptying the heat pipeline through the drain devices. In these cases, the heat pipe must be cooled down to 45°C and the bolts must be loosened from the side opposite the worker's position.

4.1.43. It is allowed to stuff stuffing boxes of locking devices at a coolant temperature not exceeding 45°C.

4.1.44. In some cases, in agreement with the local authorities of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, simultaneous work is allowed to maintain steam injection wells and repair production wells on a well pad at least 15 m from the mouth of neighboring wells.

In these cases, additional measures are developed for the safe conduct of work and protection of the heat pipeline from damage, which are agreed with the local authorities of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.

4.1.45. It is prohibited to stay within the established prohibited (dangerous) zones near production and steam injection wells of persons and vehicles not directly involved in the performance of work. On the territory of the bush, the places of stopping (parking) of special vehicles and their passage areas should be installed and identified with safety signs and full houses.

4.1.46. The procedure for the movement of all types of transport on the site of the combined pad is established and approved by the head of the oil and gas production shop (CDNG). At the same time, ways of evacuation of vehicles in emergency situations should be provided.

4.1.47. When carrying out earthworks on the territory of a combined well, it is necessary to have a written permission from organizations that have communications on this well, with an attached plan of routes and depths of laying communications.

4.1.48. Prior to the start of work, signs indicating the location of communications are installed on the territory of the combined bush.

Earthworks in the immediate vicinity of underground utilities should be carried out manually under the supervision of the person responsible for the production of works and in the presence of a representative of the organization - the owner of the existing communications.

4.2. Gas and air injection

4.2.1. Installation, repair and operation of compressor stations (CS) must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the "Safety regulations for the installation of equipment, repair and operation of compressor stations".

4.2.2. At a pressure of the working agent (hydrocarbon gas or air) above 7,5 MPa, the high-pressure pipeline must be constructed using bends, crosses, tees, elbows only factory-made.

4.2.3. At pressure in the high-pressure pipeline (above 16 MPa), its length should not exceed 1000 m, and its diameter should not exceed 100 mm. The wall thickness is determined on the basis of current regulations.

4.2.4. The route of the high-pressure pipeline should not cross the roadbed and railway and should not be located closer than 25 m from the road edge.

4.2.5. When crossing with infield roads, the pipeline must be enclosed in a case with a candle installed.

4.2.6. In the security zone of the gas and air pipeline, without the written permission of the owner, it is prohibited:

erect buildings and structures;
to carry out construction, assembly, excavation, drilling and blasting and mining operations.

4.2.7. Along the route of the gas and air pipeline, warning signs should be installed indicating the telephone number of the dispatch service.

4.2.8. Any work related to the repair of the pipeline and earthworks in the buffer zone can only be carried out after the pressure in it has been reduced to atmospheric pressure.

4.2.9. Gas pipelines at crossings over rivers, streams and beams must be protected from spills and damage.

4.2.10. Inspection of road crossings of all categories is carried out at least once a year with the analysis of air samples from the exhaust candle.

4.2.11. All crossings must be equipped with barriers, bridges, excluding the passage of people along the body of the pipeline.

4.2.12. Pipelines and fittings must be constantly monitored for gas leaks. Areas of gas leaks should be immediately fenced off with warning signs.

4.2.13. When eliminating hydrate and ice plugs, the pressure in the pipeline must be reduced to atmospheric pressure, these sections should be heated with steam.

4.2.14. Condensate-oil separators equipped with automatic level controls and automatic purge should be installed on the intake and discharge lines of compressors.

Drainage lines must be insulated.

4.2.15. The discharge line of the compressor unit must be equipped with a check valve, and the condensate - oil separator - with a safety valve.

4.2.16. Communications of air compressor stations should be cleaned of oil deposits by washing with an aqueous solution of sulfanol every five thousand hours of compressor operation.

4.2.17. Compressed gas and air entering the pressure pipe must not exceed 70°C.

4.2.18. A special container must be provided for the discharge of condensate and oil from separators and condensate-oil separators.

4.2.19. The same safety requirements are imposed on the territory of the oil field, facilities, communications, equipment for purging, testing gas and air pipelines, as well as on the territory of the gas field and gas production facilities, including fire breaks.

4.2.20. Injection wells should be equipped with downhole shut-off valves in a layout suitable for underground production well equipment.

4.2.21. The piping of the injection wellhead should have equipment that allows to conduct a survey of wells without special equipment or its shutdown.

4.2.22. All injection wells should have wire mesh fencing and lighting for emergency operations at night.

4.2.23. The territory of the well in the area of permanent withdrawal must be cleared of vegetation and foreign objects.

4.2.24. The production string of the injection well must be sealed, the cement ring is raised to the wellhead, behind-the-casing flows are unacceptable.

4.2.25. On gas and air pipelines to injection wells, a check valve and an end valve must be installed to purge the well and pipeline.

4.3. In-situ combustion

4.3.1. The wellbore intended for the process of setting fire to the formation before lowering the downhole equipment must be cleaned with a scraper (reamer) and washed with an aqueous solution of sulfanol from oil and paraffin-resinous deposits.

4.3.2. The area around the well within a radius of 25 m should be marked with safety signs, freed from equipment, and a sign "Caution! The formation is igniting!"

4.3.3. The descent of the electric heater into the well should be carried out through a lubricator and be completed when the design depth is reached by fixing the cable with a clamp at the wellhead.

4.3.4. When lowering the electric heater on tubing pipes, tripping operations are carried out and completed in full accordance with the requirements for well equipment with submersible electric pumps.

4.3.5. The design of the production string and downhole equipment of the observation well should not allow penetration of behind-the-casing gas flows from the production facility above the filter.

4.3.6. The design of the production well must ensure safe operation when:

temperature in the wellbore corresponding to the initial formation temperature;
temperature corresponding to the approach of the thermal front to the bottom of the well.

4.3.7. In carbonate fractured porous reservoirs, test air injection in order to determine the hydraulic connection between injection and production wells is not allowed.

4.3.8. If there is a direct hydraulic connection between the injection and production wells, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate such a connection, or transfer the production well to an injection well.

4.3.9. When initiating combustion and emergency shutdown of the air supply to the well, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the flow of gas from the formation in order to prevent the formation of an explosive mixture in the wellbore.

4.3.10. The bottomhole temperature of the production well should not exceed 125°C. At temperatures above 125°C, it is necessary to take measures to cool the bottomhole or transfer the well to an injection well.

4.3.11. Production wells located in a zone close to the thermal front must be equipped with shut-off valves with their operation set to exceed the specified temperature at the wellhead or bottomhole.

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