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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection for the inspector of wagons, locksmith for the repair of rolling stock. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. This Standard Instruction on labor protection for a wagon inspector, a wagon inspector-repairman and a rolling stock repairman in the passenger sector (hereinafter referred to as the Instruction) establishes the basic safety requirements for a wagon inspector, a wagon inspector-repairman (hereinafter referred to as the inspector) and a rolling stock repairman trains (hereinafter referred to as a locksmith) engaged in maintenance, current uncoupling and depot repairs of passenger cars at technical service points (PTO), points of formation and turnover of trains and in a car depot (hereinafter referred to as depot). This Instruction does not apply to maintenance and repair of ventilation and air conditioning systems, repair of refrigeration units. 1.2. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who, upon admission to work, have passed a preliminary medical examination, introductory and primary briefing at the workplace, training, internship and knowledge testing, are allowed to work on the maintenance and repair of passenger cars. Male persons are accepted for the position of inspector-repairman. In the process of work, the inspector and locksmith must undergo repeated, at least once every three months, targeted and unscheduled briefings, as well as periodic medical examinations. 1.3. An inspector and a locksmith servicing electro-pneumatic brakes must have a certificate with electrical safety group II, and locksmiths working with power tools - electrical safety group I. When employees perform additional duties for welding, slinging and other work, they must undergo special training and knowledge testing on the rules for the technical operation of the mechanisms used, labor protection and fire safety and have the appropriate certificates. 1.4. The inspector and locksmith must know:
1.5. The inspector and locksmith must:
1.6. While working for an inspector and a locksmith, they can
1.7. The locksmith must be provided with the following PPE:
In winter additionally:
When performing locksmith work during the repair of rolling stock at uncoupled and uncoupled repairs of cars at maintenance points in the IV and special belts instead of the "Gudok" heat-protective suit:
When disassembling, repairing and assembling roller axle boxes for wheel pairs of wagons:
In winter additionally:
The inspector should be provided with the following PPE:
When performing work on the inspection of the internal equipment of passenger cars:
In winter additionally:
In IV and special belts instead of a heat-protective suit:
If necessary, according to the conditions of the work performed - other PPE. When carrying out work on railway tracks, the wearing of signal vests is mandatory. 1.8. The inspector and locksmith must comply with the following fire safety requirements:
1.9. Personal clothing and overalls must be stored separately in lockers in the dressing room. It is prohibited to take work clothes outside the enterprise. 1.10. The inspector and locksmith are obliged to monitor the serviceability of overalls, timely hand them over for washing and repair, and also keep the lockers clean and tidy. 1.11. Eating should only be in canteens, buffets or specially designated rooms with appropriate equipment. Before eating, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water and soap. 1.12. When on the railway tracks, the inspector and locksmith must comply with the following requirements:
1.13. The inspector and locksmith is prohibited from:
1.14. When leaving the track from the heating room, as well as from buildings that obstruct the visibility of the track, you must first make sure that there is no rolling stock moving along it, and in the dark, wait until your eyes get used to the darkness. 1.15. On electrified sections of railways, the inspector and locksmith are prohibited from:
1.16. The inspector and locksmith who discovered a break in wires or other elements of the contact network, as well as foreign objects hanging from them, are obliged to immediately inform the duty officer at the railway station, the train dispatcher or the nearest area of the contact network. Before the arrival of the repair team, the dangerous place should be protected by any improvised means and ensure that no one approaches the broken wires at a distance of less than 8 m. In case of getting into the zone of "step voltages", it is necessary to leave it, observing the following safety measures: connect the feet together, and slowly leave the danger zone by moving the legs no more than the width of the foot or by jumping. 1.17. Upon detection of violations of the requirements of this Instruction, malfunctions of equipment, tools, protective devices, PPE and fire extinguishing, as well as situations that endanger people's lives or are a prerequisite for an accident, the inspector and mechanic must immediately inform the foreman (foreman) about this, and in his absence - to a higher manager and immediately take measures to eliminate them. 1.18. Knowledge and compliance with the requirements of this Instruction by inspectors and locksmiths is an official duty, and their violation is a violation of labor discipline, which entails responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Before starting work, the inspector must receive a targeted briefing. It is necessary to follow the place of the checked composition as part of the brigade. It is forbidden to go to the place of work alone. 2.2. Before starting work, the inspector and the locksmith must put on the overalls they are entitled to, safety shoes, and when working on the railway tracks - signal vests, put them in order:
It is not allowed to wear overalls unbuttoned and with rolled up sleeves. Overalls must be in good condition and not hinder movement. Shoes must be on solid soles. Headgear should not interfere with the passage of sound signals. The locksmith should not remove overalls and safety shoes during the entire working time. 2.3. Prepare and check the serviceability of the PPE necessary for the assigned work. 2.4. The inspector must carry the tool in a special bag, and the locksmith in a box. It is necessary to check the availability and serviceability of the tool, the presence of seals and the date of calibration of the instruments, as well as the availability of spare parts and materials on the racks. A defective tool must be replaced with a serviceable one. 2.5. Report all detected malfunctions and shortcomings to the foreman (foreman) and do not start work until they are eliminated. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. Safety requirements for the inspection and repair of wagons at the PTO. 3.1.1. The inspector and locksmith must know the procedure for fencing trains and individual groups of wagons, established by the PTO technological process. To communicate with the PTO operator, the inspector must use portable radio communication devices. The general two-way park communication devices should be used by the inspector and the locksmith only if necessary (in exceptional cases), or at the request of the station duty officer (shunting dispatcher). These cases should be determined by the technical and administrative act of the station and the technological process of the PTO. The two-way park communication speakers must be turned off after the message has been transmitted. 3.1.2. The maintenance and repair of wagons and wagon trains (hereinafter referred to as the train) should be started by inspectors and locksmiths only after receiving permission from the PTO operator, which he gives using two-way park communication after turning on the centralized train fencing system or receiving information about the fence with portable signals. The inspectors of the head and tail parts of the composition repeat the received permission by radio communication, which confirms that the message of the anti-tank operator was received correctly. 3.1.3. In the presence of centralized fencing devices, the PTO operator protects the train in the manner prescribed by the fencing instructions developed in relation to local conditions. Portable fencing signals are placed and removed by persons from among the workers of each shift, on whom these duties are assigned by the work manager. 3.1.4. In the absence of a centralized fencing of trains or individual groups of wagons, portable fencing signals are installed on the axis of the railway track at a distance of 50 m from the outermost wagons (on through railway tracks - on both sides, on dead ends - from the turnout side). If the distance from the car to the limit post is less than 50 m, a portable signal of the fence from this side is installed on the axis of the track against the limit post. 3.1.5. A wagon or a group of wagons being repaired on specially allocated railway tracks or railway tracks of integrated repair, in addition to permanent or portable signals, is protected by additionally paired brake shoes, which are located on both rails at a distance of at least 25 m from the outermost car or against the limit post, if the distance less than 25 m to it. 3.1.6. During maintenance of cars in trains from which locomotives are not uncoupled, they are protected both from the locomotive and from the tail car in the prescribed manner. At the same time, the inspector verbally warns the locomotive driver about the beginning of the inspection and, having made sure that the inspection of the cars is safe, starts work. Before maintenance of the train, from which the locomotive is uncoupled, but is temporarily located on the given railway track, the guard signal is set on the free section of the track between the locomotive and the head car, and the locomotive driver is notified about this. 3.1.7. Each repair and inspection team reports the completion of the maintenance of the train in the manner prescribed by the technological process to the maintenance operator. Having received a message from the last group, the PTO operator announces the removal of the fence via two-way park communication. Fencing of railway tracks for current uncoupling repair, maintenance points, is carried out in accordance with the technical and administrative act of the station. 3.1.8. It is forbidden to inspect and repair a separate group of cars and trains located on fenced tracks with a track spacing of less than 4800 mm, if a train or a locomotive is moving along an adjacent railway track. 3.1.9. When servicing a locomotive by one driver, the train locomotive must be hitched to the train and uncoupled from the train only after the train electrician has disconnected the high-voltage intercar electrical connectors. 3.1.10. The replacement of the wheelset, axle box, bolster, draft gear or traction collar and other car components must be carried out only on the tracks of the current uncoupling repair. When uncoupling and uncoupling repair of single and end cars, it is necessary to make sure that the folding aprons of the transition platforms are securely fastened in the raised position. 3.1.11. When securing the train (car), the inspector must use serviceable brake shoes. When inserting and removing them, it is necessary to hold on to the frame of the car with one hand. 3.1.12. With a short test of the brakes, it is necessary to smoothly open the end valve, holding the brake hose with one hand. 3.1.13. When inspecting and measuring wheels, replacing brake pads and other parts, it is necessary to stand on the intertrack to the side of the wheel. 3.1.14. Inspection of wagons at high platforms is allowed if there is an inspection ditch located along the track. To go down into the inspection ditch should be on a specially equipped ladder. Move only along the ladders laid at the bottom of the ditch. Inspection is carried out in a protective helmet. 3.1.15. The generator drive belt must be put on or removed from the pulley only after the train has stopped and the car has been fenced with stop signals. 3.1.16. During the inspection under the car of the brake equipment, one should beware of possible movement of the brake cylinder rod, levers and linkages of the linkage. Protective helmets must be worn when working under the wagons. 3.1.17. During maintenance of wagons at night, it is necessary to use rechargeable lamps. 3.1.18. It is forbidden to inspect and repair the roof on open areas, other work on the roofs of wagons during a thunderstorm, thick fog, heavy snowfall or downpour, with a wind speed of 12 m/s and above. 3.1.19. When inspecting wagons at night, it is necessary to pay attention to the structures located on the inter-tracks - limit posts, racks, air and oil separators and other devices. 3.1.20. When examining a wagon at the station, it is not allowed to move further from it further than the middle of the track, since at this time rolling stock can move along the adjacent track. Walk along the side of the road. 3.1.21. The wagon inspector who inspects the train "on the go" (before stopping) must be at a specially equipped workplace along the axis of the intertrack (safety island). 3.1.22. Works on the inspection of the train (car), hitching the train locomotive to the train and uncoupling it from the train must be carried out in gloves. 3.1.23. Transportation of spare parts and materials is carried out by electric cars or other vehicles equipped for movement on a narrow gauge or tracks along the rolling stock on a paved inter-track. At the same time, large-sized parts must be stably stacked and not protrude beyond the dimensions of the vehicle. When transporting spare parts from a depot or storerooms to racks installed between tracks, the cargo must be placed in the middle of the platform or platforms specially designed for this purpose and wedged to prevent shifting. 3.1.24. In addition to the above requirements, the inspector and locksmith must also comply with safety requirements when performing the operations set forth in paragraphs 3.2 - 3.9 of this Instruction. 3.2. Safety requirements for lifting and lowering wagons. 3.2.1. Lifting and lowering wagons with a crane or jacks is allowed only under the guidance of a foreman (foreman). 3.2.2. Mobile jacks must be mounted on strong wooden supports, which must be stored with the jacks as an integral part of it. On the railway tracks of the current uncoupling repair, it is not allowed to install a mobile jack with partial support on a sleeper. 3.2.3. Mobile jacks before work must be checked for performance and installed in a strictly vertical position on solid pads. 3.2.4. Before lifting the wagon on the supporting surface of the jack, it is necessary to put a gasket 15 - 20 mm thick made of hard wood. 3.2.5. Before lifting and lowering the wagon, make sure that there are no people in the wagon and under the wagon. 3.2.6. Raising and lowering the car must be done simultaneously with all jacks. Lifting ahead of one jack in relation to others is not allowed. During the lifting and lowering of the wagon, the workers who operate the jacks and supervise the work should not leave their jobs. 3.2.7. As the car rises, the steel safety nut on the plunger of the hydropneumatic and hydraulic jacks must be lowered down until it stops in the cylinder. When lowering the car, the safety nut must be raised to the upper position, for which it is necessary to first release it from the load by pumping oil, and only after that it is possible to gradually open the bypass valve. 3.2.8. In the event of an accidental stop of one of the jacks or a power outage during the lifting and lowering of the car, all work must be stopped immediately, all jacks and the switch on the switchboard must be turned off. Upon completion of the troubleshooting, it is necessary to make sure that the car is not skewed on the jacks and only after that continue raising or lowering the car. 3.2.9. Lifting of wagons is allowed provided that the load from the wagon on the lifting mechanisms does not exceed its carrying capacity. On lifting devices, it is necessary to check the presence of tags or stamps indicating the carrying capacity and date of testing. 3.2.10. When lifting one end of the car, the wheel pairs of the bogie of the opposite end of the car should be secured on both sides with brake shoes. 3.2.11. The lifting of wagons to change the wheelset, change the automatic coupler or draft gear must be carried out by checking the presence of safety nuts or other devices on the mechanisms of machines, installations and units. 3.2.12. During the lifting and lowering of the wagon, it is not allowed to perform any other work on the wagon. On a wagon raised by jacks, it is not allowed to carry out work that causes the wagon to sway or transfer shock loads to the jacks. 3.2.13. Lifting, lowering of wagons, as well as installation of mobile jacks should be carried out only in places where special symbols are applied to the wagon. 3.3. Safety requirements for the repair of running gear, frame and roof of the car. 3.3.1. Roll-out (roll-up) of carts must be carried out under the guidance of a foreman (foreman). 3.3.2 The bogies should be rolled out only after the wagon has been lifted and the electric jacks have been turned off. 3.3.3. When the car is raised, the distance between the most protruding parts of the frame equipment and the bogie must ensure free roll-out (rolling) of the bogie. When rolling out (rolling up) the cart, it is forbidden to be on the cart and on the path of its movement, as well as to place parts from the car in the immediate vicinity of the cart being moved. 3.3.4. When slinging one end of the bogie and hooking the hooks to the transverse end beam of the bogie frame, it is necessary to guide the hooks by holding on to the traverse of the load handling device. 3.3.5. The replacement of the axle-box springs must be carried out by two locksmiths, not allowing the spring to drop from the axle-box. When replacing the springs and springs of the bogies, it is necessary to use devices that hold them in a compressed state. 3.3.6. To maintain the stability of the axle box springs, during lifting, care must be taken to support the axle box by the wings, not allowing it to turn and not allowing fingers to get into the interturn space and above the spring. 3.3.7. When changing a wheel set, it is necessary to secure the wheel set remaining under the bogie, making sure that the wedges fit snugly against the wheels. 3.3.8. After installing the bogies (wheel sets) on the tracks in a specially designated place, they should be fixed on both sides with wooden wedges. 3.3.9. During the replacement of wheel sets, the following safety requirements must be observed:
3.3.10. Dismantling, assembly and movement of heavy parts of bogies, transition platforms, removal and installation of external doors, gear-cardan drive units should be carried out using lifting mechanisms or special devices. 3.3.11. Inspection and repair of the car roof should be carried out from mobile (stationary) platforms or at a special workplace equipped with a cable for attaching a safety belt. 3.3.12. Work on the roof of the car must be carried out by two workers under the supervision of a foreman. One directly performs repair work, and the other - auxiliary and insures the first. 3.3.13. The locksmith must climb onto the roof of the car only on a serviceable car ladder. The steps of the carriage ladder must be strictly in a horizontal position, there must be no curvature and kinks on the bowstring. Do not use wet, icy, freshly painted stairs. 3.3.14. Work on the roof should only be started when there is no snow, ice or water on it. Dropping parts from the roof of the car can be carried out only if the places of their fall are protected and under the supervision of a worker allocated from the brigade. 3.3.15. When working on the car, do not leave the tool on the edge of the roof or on the ledges of the frame and body. 3.3.16. Repair of parts and assemblies with removal from the car should be carried out at specially designated places. 3.3.17. If a conveyor malfunction is detected that threatens the safety of people, the conveyor should be stopped immediately. 3.4. Safety requirements for the repair of braking equipment. 3.4.1. Before changing air distributors, exhaust valves, parts of brake equipment, tanks, supply pipes, before opening the brake cylinders and adjusting the leverage, turn off the air distributor and bleed air from the reserve tank. 3.4.2. Before changing the stop-cock, the disconnecting valve and the supply pipe from the line to the disconnecting valve, disconnect the car main line from the power source by closing the end valves. 3.4.3. Before changing the end valve, it is necessary to disconnect the line from the power source. 3.4.4. When adjusting the brake linkage to align the holes in the heads of the rods and levers, you must use a barb and a hammer. It is not allowed to control the coincidence of the holes with your fingers. 3.4.5. When purging the line, in order to avoid hitting the connecting brake sleeve, it is necessary to use a bracket for hanging the connecting sleeve or hold it with your hand near the connecting head. The faucet should be opened smoothly. 3.4.6. Before disconnecting the hoses, the end valves of adjacent cars should be closed. 3.4.7. On maintenance routes, before disconnecting the piston rod head of the brake cylinder and the horizontal arm, turn off the air distributor and bleed air from the reserve tank. Removal and installation of the piston of the brake cylinder must be carried out using a special tool. 3.4.8. To disassemble the piston after removing it from the brake cylinder, it is necessary to compress the spring with the cylinder cover so that the rod head pin can be knocked out and the cover removed, gradually releasing it until the spring is fully decompressed. 3.4.9. When repairing brake equipment under the car, it is forbidden to be at the head of the piston rod of the brake cylinder on the side of the rod outlet and touch the head of the rod. 3.4.10. It is forbidden to tap the reservoirs of the working chamber of the air distributor during their cleaning, as well as to unscrew the plugs of brake devices and reservoirs under pressure. 3.4.11. When testing the auto brakes, it is necessary to stop work on the repair of the running gear, the frame and the auto brake device of the wagons. 3.4.12. Prior to repair or replacement of electro-pneumatic brake equipment (inter-car connections, suspensions, terminal boxes, pipelines, electric air distributor), it is necessary to make sure that the power supply circuits are de-energized. 3.4.13. Before turning on a portable device for testing the operation of electro-pneumatic brakes at the point of formation and circulation of trains, it is necessary to temporarily disconnect it from other consumers in the electric circuit of the car battery, and in case of centralized power supply, disconnect the inter-car connections of the tested car. 3.4.14. It is necessary to adjust the length of the coupling rod using a spanner wrench. 3.4.15. Repair of brake equipment must be carried out in a protective helmet. 3.5. Safety requirements for the repair of automatic couplers. 3.5.1. To replace the automatic coupler in the composition on the uncoupling repair tracks, the wagons must be separated at a distance of at least 10 m. The wheels of the wagons must be secured with brake shoes. 3.5.2. Removal of the automatic coupler and draft gear with a traction collar and a thrust plate from the car and their installation should be carried out using special hoists or a crane. 3.5.3. Removal of the nut from the coupling bolt of the draft gear must be carried out only on a dismantling stand. Tapping of the draft gear housing with jammed parts should be carried out only if the draft gear is in a traction collar with a thrust plate. 3.5.4. Before removing the last two (diagonally located) nuts from the bolts of the lower support bar to lower the draft gear under the bar, it is necessary to substitute a special lift or other lifting mechanisms. 3.5.5. Dismantling and assembly of the draft gear should be carried out on a special stand. 3.5.6. When assembling the parts of the automatic coupling mechanism, the lock must be put in place by pressing the lower arm of the safety catch with a barb or a special crowbar to raise and guide the upper shoulder of the safety catch. 3.5.7. Standing on the automatic coupler as a support is prohibited. 3.5.8. Repair of automatic couplers must be carried out in a protective helmet. 3.6. Safety requirements for the maintenance and repair of the internal equipment of the car, heating and water supply systems. 3.6.1. Filling the water supply and water heating systems with water must be carried out from below, from under the car, through the filling heads. It is necessary to attach the water-filling sleeve first to the filling head, and then to the water column. Make sure that the head of the hose and the filling fitting on the car have a tight connection and only after that open the tap on the dispenser with the key. Disconnect the water filling hose in the reverse order. 3.6.2. If signs of freezing of pipelines, toilet bowls, drain pipes, wash bowls, taps and valves are found, they must be warmed up only with hot water from the heating network. It is forbidden to warm up with a torch or hot coal. Be sure to wear gloves when using a heating pad. The drain pipes of the wagon may only be heated inside the wagon. 3.6.3. When removing the drain pipes of the water supply and heating systems under the car, make sure that the pipes are free of liquid. In this case, it is necessary to be on the side of the removed pipes. 3.6.4. The boiler should be washed with a solution of the established recipe. When working with aggressive solutions, it is necessary to use a rubber apron, rubber gloves, goggles. 3.6.5. Boilers, heating boilers, titanium, water tanks and pipes should be tested for functioning only in a state filled with water and with intact tightness. 3.6.6. Before checking the operation of a boiler and a heating boiler operating on solid fuel, it is necessary to make sure of:
Use only charcoal, firewood or peat as fuel. Start kindling with paper or finely chopped wood. 3.6.7. During the testing of the heating boiler, it is necessary to constantly monitor the presence of water in the expander by opening a water test valve, preventing the water from boiling in the expander. 3.6.8. The furnace door should be opened carefully (without jerks), being at a distance of 500 - 700 mm from the door, in order to avoid the emission of flames from flue gases and burns to the face and hands. The ash pan must be closed at this time. 3.6.9. When repairing the boiler, the outer casing must be raised by at least 300 mm and fixed with a working cable to the ceiling bracket. In this case, rusty bolts and nuts, if necessary, should be cut off with a gas cutter or cut down with a chisel, the length of which is at least 300 mm. 3.6.10. When replacing broken window or door glass, mirrors, wear gloves and remove the remains of the broken glass into a bucket. 3.6.11. Before you start repairing the toilet, you need to make sure that it is washed and disinfected. 3.6.12. When inspecting, repairing and replacing individual elements of ventilation devices, chimneys of wind vanes, cleaning chimneys, it is necessary to use serviceable stepladders. It is forbidden to stand on folding tables, door handles, on the edges of luggage lockers, to rest your feet against the walls and partitions of the car. 3.6.13. For local lighting, it is necessary to use portable electric lamps with a voltage of not more than 42 V. 3.7. Safety requirements for welding. 3.7.1. To protect the eyes and face from the radiation of the welding arc, a mechanic working together with a welder or performing repair work next to a welder must use serviceable protective equipment the same as that of a welder and follow all his instructions. 3.7.2. A fitter working with a welder or performing repairs should be aware that:
3.7.3. If pain occurs in the eyes, a mechanic present during welding should immediately consult a doctor. 3.8. Safety requirements when working with manual and mechanized tools. 3.8.1. The locksmith is obliged to use serviceable manual and mechanized tools when working. The hammer must be securely mounted on a serviceable (without cracks and chips) wooden handle made of hardwood and wedged with pointed metal wedges. The impact part of the hammer should not have riveting. Chisels, crosscuts, barbs, crimps and cores must be at least 150 mm long and not have knocked down or worn impact parts and burrs on the side faces. The size of the open end of the wrenches must match the size of the bolts and nuts. If you need to have a long lever, you should use a wrench with an extended handle. It is forbidden to increase the key with another key or pipe. Files, scrapers and screwdrivers must be firmly fixed in wooden handles that do not have chips or cracks and are equipped with metal rings. When processing parts with a file, with a scraper, remove the accumulated chips with a brush. Before cutting metal with a hand saw, adjust the tension of the hacksaw blade. It is not allowed to perform work at the level of the face. 3.8.2. The locksmith should start working with power tools only after issuing a work permit. When receiving a power tool in his hands, he must inspect it and check it at idle. The case of a power tool operating on a mains voltage above 42 V or not having double insulation must be grounded. If necessary, dielectric gloves should be used. 3.8.3. The power tool must be connected to the electrical circuit with a plug. During operation, the cable must be protected from accidental damage (for example, suspended). It is forbidden to directly contact the cable with hot, wet and oil-contaminated surfaces, as well as twisting and pulling it. 3.8.4. When the drill jams at the exit from the hole, when the mains voltage is removed or when the power tool suddenly stops, as well as at every break in work and when moving from one workplace to another, the power tool must be disconnected from the mains. 3.8.5. When working with power tools at height, it is necessary to use platforms equipped with railings. It is forbidden to work while standing on the stairs. 3.8.6. When working with power tools, locksmiths are prohibited from:
The tool should be handled with care, do not expose it to shocks, overloads during operation, dirt, moisture and oil products. 3.8.7. Adjust and replace the working part of the pneumatic and power tools should be in the off state. 3.8.8. Before working with a pneumatic tool, the mechanic must check it and make sure that:
3.8.9. Before connecting the air hose to the air tool, condensate must be drained from the air line. By briefly opening the valve, blow the hose with compressed air at a pressure not exceeding 0,05 MPa (0,5 kgf / sq. cm), after connecting it to the network and holding the hose tip in your hands. The air jet should only be directed upwards. Directing the air jet at people, the floor or equipment is prohibited. 3.8.12. It is allowed to let air into the pneumatic tool and put it into action after the replaceable tool is firmly installed in the barrel and pressed against the workpiece. 3.8.13. Pneumatic tools must be protected from contamination. The pneumatic tool must not be thrown, subjected to blows, left unattended. 3.8.14. When working with a pneumatic tool, do not allow kinks, entanglements, intersections of air hoses with cables, electric cables, acetylene or oxygen hoses. Hoses should be placed in such a way that it is impossible for vehicles to run into it and workers to pass through it. 3.8.15. When the air hose breaks, when washing or replacing the replaceable tool, during a break in work, it is necessary to close the valve on the line. Do not cut off the compressed air supply by breaking the hose. 3.8.16. When working with a pneumatic tool, be sure to use vibration-protective gloves or gloves, individual headphones or earplugs. It is forbidden to use a pneumatic tool, the vibration and noise characteristics of which exceed the permissible values. 3.8.17. When carrying a pneumatic tool, it is necessary to hold it by the body handle, and the air hose - rolled into a ring. 3.8.18. It is forbidden to drill, grind, sharpen parts that are in a freely suspended state, or hold them with your hands. 3.8.19. When the drill exits the drilled part, do not press on the body of the pneumatic tool. Make sure that there are no distortions of the drill. 3.8.20. Remove chips from the holes and from the rotating cutting tool with hooks or a brush. 3.8.21. It is forbidden to work in gloves with drilling and other rotating tools. 3.8.22. When working with manual grinders, use respirators and goggles. 3.8.23. Before starting work with a blowtorch, you should check the availability of the inventory number of the lamp, fill the lamp tank with fuel intended for this lamp, no more than 3/4 of its capacity, screw the lamp filler cap tightly to failure. It is forbidden to pour fuel into a burning lamp and pump the lamp tank with air. If insufficient fuel draft is detected, gas passes through the burner thread, fuel leaks and other malfunctions, you should immediately stop work and replace the blowtorch in the pantry of the depot. 3.8.24. It is not allowed to leave the tool on the edge of the roof, on the ledges of the frame and the car body. 3.8.25. Unscrewing nuts that require a lot of effort should be done using wrenches or wrenches with an extended handle. It is not allowed to build up keys and fill the gap between the jaws of the key and the nut with gaskets. Do not loosen nuts with a chisel or hammer. 3.8.26. The place for cutting bolts and rivets must be protected to prevent flying parts from falling into people. 3.8.27. Before using ladders or stepladders, check the presence of an inventory number on their bowstrings, the date of the next test, the presence of rubber tips (spikes) and ties on the bowstrings, and the absence of chips and cracks on the steps and bowstrings. At stepladders, check the serviceability of the device from spontaneous shift. For fixing at the top of the ladders, check that the hooks are securely fastened. It is forbidden to use stairs with an expired test period, knocked down with nails, without fastening the bowstrings with ties and cutting the steps into the bowstrings. 3.8.28. When working on a ladder, there must be a second worker in a protective helmet below, insuring the worker on the ladder. 3.8. When working on stairs, it is prohibited:
3.8.29. When unscrewing threaded connections, standing on a ladder, direct the movement of the key away from you. 3.9. Safety requirements for loading and unloading operations. 3.9.1. Loading and unloading operations with loads weighing more than 50 kg should be carried out mechanized. 3.9.2. Loading and unloading operations and transportation of goods by hand should be done in gloves. It is forbidden to carry goods in defective containers, with protruding nails, edging. 3.9.3. Piece loads stacked in a stack, in order to avoid the collapse of the stack, must be taken only from above with the implementation of measures to ensure the stability of the stack. 3.9.4. Before heavy loads are stowed, pads must be laid at the place of their storage to prevent possible injury when lowering the load and to ensure that the slings are removed from under the load. 3.9.5. When moving drums, rolls, you must be behind the transported cargo, pushing it away from you. 3.9.6. When loading and unloading long loads manually, slopes should be used and at least two workers should perform this work. Boards with a thickness of at least 50 mm should be used to load goods onto vehicles or unload them. 3.9.7. Stacking of goods in stacks must be done so that the stacks are stable. Passages, driveways of a fixed width should be left between the stacks. Random storage of goods is prohibited. Places for storage must be prepared in a timely manner, leveled, and in winter must be cleared of ice and snow. 3.9.8. If the load is carried by a group of workers, everyone must keep pace with everyone else. 3.9.9. Long loads must be carried on the same shoulders (right or left). It is necessary to raise and lower a long load at the command of the foreman or senior worker. 3.9.10. The permissible weight of the load to be lifted and moved manually constantly during the work shift should not exceed 15 kg for men, and 7 kg for women. The mass of the load lifted and moved manually when alternating with other work (up to 2 times per hour) should not exceed 30 kg for men, 10 kg for women. It is allowed to lift and move manually loads weighing more than 30 kg for men and more than 10 kg for women together. 3.9.11. When performing loading and unloading operations with cranes, the following safety requirements must be observed:
3.10. Requirements for the content of jobs. 3.10.1. Workplaces and passages to them should be kept clean, not allowing them to be cluttered with spare parts, parts removed from the car and foreign objects. 3.10.2. Cleaning material must be stored in metal boxes with tight-fitting lids. 3.10.3. Place parts and tools so that working with them does not cause unnecessary movements. Carriage parts, spare parts and materials should be placed on racks located between the tracks, in departments and production areas, ensuring free passage and excluding the possibility of their rolling and falling. 3.10.4. Do not blow debris from work area and equipment or clean clothing with compressed air. 4. Safety requirements in emergency situations 4.1. The actions of the inspector and locksmith in the event of situations that may lead to undesirable consequences. 4.1.1. During the maintenance and repair of wagons in the depot and at the PTO, the following emergencies may occur:
4.1.2. In the event of an emergency, the inspector and locksmith are obliged to stop work, immediately report the incident to the foreman (foreman) and then follow his instructions to prevent accidents or eliminate the emergency. 4.1.3. Employees who are nearby, upon an alarm signal, are obliged to immediately come to the scene and take part in providing first aid to the victim or eliminating the emergency situation that has arisen. 4.1.4. When eliminating an emergency, it is necessary to act in accordance with the emergency response plan approved by the depot. 4.1.5. In the event of a fire, inform the fire brigade and the head of the work, and then proceed to extinguish the fire with the available primary fire extinguishing equipment. 4.1.6. When using foam (carbon dioxide, powder) fire extinguishers, direct the jet of foam (powder, carbon dioxide) away from people. If foam gets on unprotected areas of the body, wipe it off with a handkerchief or other material and rinse with an aqueous solution of soda. In case of electrical fires, use only carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguishers. When using a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, do not grasp the fire extinguisher socket with your hand. When extinguishing electrical installations energized not more than 1000 V, it is not allowed to bring the socket closer than 1 meter to the electrical installation and the flame. 4.1.7. Internal fire hydrants must be used by a calculation of two people: one rolls out the sleeve from the faucet to the fire site, the second - at the command of the unrolling sleeve, opens the faucet. 4.1.8. When using a felt mat when extinguishing a flame, it is covered with a felt mat so that the fire from under it does not fall on the extinguishing person. 4.1.9. When extinguishing a flame with a sand scoop, do not raise the shovel to eye level to avoid getting sand into them. 4.1.10. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of less than 2 m from the contact network is allowed only with carbon dioxide, aerosol or powder fire extinguishers. It is possible to extinguish burning objects with water and air-foam fire extinguishers only after the instructions of the work manager or other responsible person that the voltage has been removed from the contact network and it is grounded. 4.1.11. Extinguishing burning objects located at a distance of more than 7 m from a live contact wire can be allowed without removing the voltage. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the jet of water or foam does not touch the contact network and other parts under voltage. 4.1.12. If an explosive device or other foreign suspicious objects are found, it is necessary to isolate the access of others to them and immediately inform the foreman (foreman) and law enforcement officers about this. It is forbidden to carry out any actions with the detected explosive device. In the event of an explosive device triggering, it is necessary to call the foreman (foreman) and take measures to rescue the victims and provide first aid. 4.2. The actions of a locksmith to provide first aid to victims of injuries and diseases. 4.2.1. Electrical injury. In case of electric shock, first of all, it is necessary to stop the current (turn off the voltage, cut the wire), while observing safety measures and not touching the victim with bare hands while he is under the influence of current. If a high voltage current or lightning strikes the victim, despite the absence of signs of life, it is necessary to try to bring him back to life. If the victim is not breathing, immediately apply artificial respiration and at the same time heart massage. Artificial respiration and heart massage are done until natural breathing is restored or until the doctor arrives. After the victim regains consciousness, it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage to the place of the electric burn and take measures to eliminate mechanical damage (bruises, fractures) that may occur during a fall. The victim of an electrical injury, regardless of his state of health and the absence of complaints, should be sent to a medical institution. 4.2.2. Mechanical injury. When receiving a mechanical injury, it is necessary to stop the bleeding. With venous bleeding, the blood is dark, flows out in a continuous stream. The way to stop is a pressure bandage in the wound area, giving the injured part of the body an elevated position. With arterial bleeding, scarlet blood flows out in a rapidly pulsating or gushing stream. The way to stop bleeding is to apply a tourniquet, twist or sharp bending of the limb in the joint with its fixation in this position. When applying a tourniquet (twisting), a note must be placed under it indicating the time of its application. The tourniquet can be left on for two hours in the warm season, and in the cold - one hour. In case of fractures, it is necessary to apply a splint (standard or made from improvised means) and fix the immobility of the damaged parts of the body with a bandage. With open fractures, it is necessary to bandage the wound before applying the splint. The tire is positioned so that it does not lie on top of the wound and does not put pressure on the protruding bone. When sprained, apply a pressure bandage and a cold compress to the sprain. In case of dislocations, the limb is immobilized in the position it took after the injury, a cold compress is applied to the joint area. It is impossible to make any attempts to reduce the dislocated limb by yourself. With all types of mechanical injuries, the victim must be taken to a medical facility. 4.2.3. Thermal burns. For first-degree burns (only redness and slight swelling of the skin are observed) and second-degree burns (bubbles filled with liquid form), a sterile dressing should be applied to the burned area. Do not lubricate the burned area with fat and ointments, open or pierce blisters. In case of severe burns, a sterile bandage should be applied to the burned area and the victim should be immediately sent to a medical facility. Do not lubricate the burnt place with fat or ointments, tear off parts of clothing that are burnt to the skin. The victim of burns should be given plenty of hot tea. 4.2.4. Burns with acids and alkalis In case of burns with acids, the burned area of the body should be washed with water with alkalis added to it: soda, chalk, tooth powder, magnesia. In the absence of alkalis, it is necessary to abundantly water the burnt body with clean water. In case of burns with caustic alkalis, the burnt area of the body should be washed with water acidified with acetic or citric acid, or washed with clean water, abundantly watering the burned area. 4.2.5. Poisoning. In case of poisoning with poor-quality food products, it is necessary to induce artificial vomiting in the victim and rinse the stomach, allowing him to drink a large amount (up to 6-10 glasses) of warm water, tinted with potassium permanganate, or a weak solution of baking soda. After that, give to drink 1 - 2 tablets of activated charcoal. In case of acid poisoning, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the stomach with water and give the victim an enveloping agent: milk, raw eggs. In case of gas poisoning, the victim must be taken out of the room to fresh air or a draft should be arranged in the room by opening windows and doors. When breathing and cardiac activity stop, start artificial respiration and heart massage. In all cases of poisoning, the victim must be sent to a medical facility. 4.2.6. Eye injury. In case of eye injuries with sharp or piercing objects, as well as eye injuries with severe bruises, the victim should be urgently sent to a medical institution. Objects that get into the eyes should not be removed from the eye, so as not to further damage it. Apply a sterile bandage to the eye. If dust or powder gets into eyes, rinse them with a gentle stream of running water. In case of chemical burns, it is necessary to open the eyelids and rinse the eyes abundantly for 10-15 minutes with a weak stream of running water, after which the victim should be sent to a medical facility. In case of eye burns with hot water, steam, eye rinsing is not recommended. The eyes are covered with a sterile bandage and the victim is sent to a medical facility. 4.2.7. Frostbite. In case of mild frostbite, it is necessary to rub the frostbitten area with a clean cloth or mitten. The frostbitten area should not be rubbed with snow, as the skin may be damaged and an infection caused. After restoration of blood circulation, when the skin turns red and sensitivity appears, apply a sterile bandage and send to a medical institution. If blisters appear during frostbite or necrosis of the skin and deep-lying tissues occurs, it is necessary to bandage the frostbitten area with dry sterile material and send the victim to a medical facility. You can not open and pierce the bubbles. In case of general freezing, it is necessary to bring the victim into a warm room, undress and rub with clean, dry cloths or mittens until the skin turns red and the muscles become soft. After that, continuing rubbing, it is necessary to start artificial respiration. When the frozen person regains consciousness, he should be warmly covered and given warm tea or coffee to drink. 5. Safety requirements at the end of work 5.1. At the end of the work, the inspector and locksmith must:
5.2. All measuring instruments, fixtures and equipment must be cleaned of dirt, inspected and, if there are any malfunctions, handed over for repair. 5.3. At the end of the work, the inspector and the locksmith must remove overalls and other PPE, hang them on hangers and put them in the dressing room closet. 5.4. Contaminated and defective overalls should be washed, dry-cleaned or repaired if necessary. 5.5. To clean the skin from industrial pollution at the end of the working day, it is necessary to use protective and washing pastes and ointments that combine the properties of protective and detergents. To maintain the skin in good condition after work, you should use various indifferent ointments and creams (boric vaseline, lanolin cream and other ointments). Do not use kerosene or other toxic petroleum products to clean skin and PPE. 5.6. After work or in cases of contamination of parts of the body or wetting of clothing with oil products, workers should take a shower with warm water and soap, wash off the protective paste, but in cases where only hands are contaminated, be sure to wash them with soap and water. 5.7. All malfunctions and shortcomings noticed during work, and the measures taken to eliminate them, the inspector and the locksmith must inform the foreman (foreman). The standard instruction on labor protection for wagon inspectors and rolling stock repairmen, approved by the Ministry of Railways of the USSR on December 23.12.1989, 4759 N TsV / XNUMX, is not applied on the territory of the Russian Federation. See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health
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