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Instructions for labor protection when unloading bitumen, tar, tar

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General provisions

1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who are recognized by a medical commission as suitable for this work are allowed to unload bitumen.

1.2. A worker who is hired to unload bitumen (tar, tar) must undergo introductory training on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first-aid to victims; must be familiarized, against signature, with the working conditions, rules and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions, and the rules of behavior in the event of accidents.

1.3. Before starting work directly at the workplace, the bitumen unloader must undergo an initial briefing on safe methods of work.

On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Logbook for the registration of introductory briefings on labor protection issues and the Logbook for the registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.4. A worker engaged in unloading bitumen (tar, tar), after initial instruction at the workplace, must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and nature of the work) under the guidance of an experienced qualified worker, who is appointed by order ( by order) for the enterprise.

1.5. A worker engaged in unloading bitumen (tar, tar) must undergo repeated training on the rules and techniques of safe work and labor protection:

• periodically, at least once a quarter;
• with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than a month;
• in connection with an admitted case of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.6. The worker must use overalls and safety shoes provided for by the Model Industry Standards: canvas suit, oil-proof leather semi-boots and canvas mittens.

Overalls and safety shoes must be in good working order and correspond to the height and size of the worker.

1.7. The worker engaged in unloading must know and follow the technology of work, the sequence of operations and the coordination of the actions of the workers, which guarantees the safety of the operations.

1.8. Bitumen must be unloaded under the guidance of a responsible person, who is appointed by order from the administration.

1.9. The presence of unauthorized persons in the bitumen unloading area is prohibited.

1.10. Bitumen must be unloaded by at least three workers (tractor or minder, slinger and worker) mechanized.

1.11. In order to avoid burns, it is forbidden to touch open sections of steam pipelines and bitumen pipelines with your hands.

1.12. Workers must eat and rest in special rooms, and in the cold season - in heating points equipped in removable road bodies, mobile household trailers, etc.

1.13. Amenity premises should be provided with drinking water, a washbasin for washing hands and a first aid kit with a set of necessary medicines for first aid.

1.14. Smoking is permitted only in specially designated and marked areas. Smoking areas should be kept away from areas where flammable and combustible liquids are stored.

1.15. Coal tar is a black viscous liquid with a specific odor.

1.16. The toxic properties of tar are due to the content of various liquid carbohydrates in it, which have carcinogenic properties. Its main components are: naphthalene, paraffin carbohydrates, benzene, toluene, xylene.

1.17. Maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) in the air of the working area:

• naphthalene - 20 mg/m3 - affects the nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, nerves, mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, eyes;
• xylene - 50 mg/m3 - irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and throat. Causes dizziness, palpitations, fever; possible lightheadedness, vomiting;
• benzene - 15,5 mg/m3 - acts on the central nervous system (narcotic, in particular, convulsive effects). Liquid benzene irritates the skin;
• toluene - 50 mg / m3 - at high concentrations it has a narcotic effect.

1.18. Tar vapors and aerosols cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes of the respiratory system and eyes. In case of severe poisoning, headaches and vomiting may occur. First aid for such poisoning is the removal of the worker to fresh air.

1.19. In case of accidental contact of tar on the skin of the hands or other parts of the body, it must be removed with a cotton swab moistened with vaseline oil or turpentine, and then washed with warm water and soap.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. It is necessary to put the overalls in order (button up the skirts, sleeves, tuck hair under a headdress, etc.) and, if necessary, obtain additional personal protective equipment.

2.2. It is necessary to check the serviceability of the tool, mechanisms and personal protective equipment.

2.3. All noticed malfunctions should be reported to the mechanic (master). It is forbidden to work with a defective tool.

2.4. In winter, before starting work, the unloading area must be cleared of snow and sprinkled with sand.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The worker must strictly follow the instructions of the work manager.

3.2. During the unloading of bitumen, tar, which arrives by rail, it is necessary:

• put special shoes under the wheels of wagons; it is forbidden to put other random stops under the wheels;
• check the serviceability of the steam shell, valves and pipes of tanks and bunker gondola cars, the reliability of connecting the hose to the pipes (without steam leakage). Check only with the valve on the steam line closed;
• check the connections of the underwater hoses through which steam is supplied to the tanks or bunkers of gondola cars for heating viscous materials. The connection must be reliable and not leak steam.

3.3. When unloading tanks, it is necessary to place a bitumen tray under the outlet and securely fasten it.

3.4. To heat bitumen and tar, it is necessary to use steam from the steam lines of the bitumen base. If a mobile steam generator is used, it can only be serviced by the steam generator operator.

3.5. The connection of the steam supply hose to the nozzles should be carried out with the valve on the steam pipeline closed. Operation without shut-off valves on pipes-hoses is prohibited.

3.6. When draining bitumen with pumps, the steam lines must be securely connected. Bitumen discharge points must be fenced off.

3.7. Simultaneously with heating the bitumen and tar in the tank in cold weather, before opening the drain valve, it is necessary to thoroughly heat it from the outside with steam to prevent the valve from breaking when it opens.

3.8. The bitumen and tar in the tank should be heated until the lower part of the tank at both ends becomes warm (to touch); otherwise, premature opening of the drain valve and the merging of heated bitumen and tar from the central part of the tank will significantly delay the heating of the bitumen and tar that remains near the ends of the tank.

3.9. In winter, after completion of work, the pipelines must be blown with dry steam or air to prevent steam from condensing and freezing water in them.

3.10. It is necessary to unload bitumen from bunker gondola cars as follows:

• check the strength of the fastening of the bunkers with hooks on both sides;
• blow the steam hoses with steam, connect them to the branch pipes of the bunker jackets, turn on the steam and heat for 1-2 hours;
• at the end of heating, turn off the steam, disconnect the steam hoses and blow them with steam;
• in order to hook the cable to the bunker, one worker needs to get onto the frame of the gondola car from the side where unloading will be carried out and stand next to the bunker that will be turned over, outside the turning lane; the second - also from the side where unloading is carried out, on the unloading platform opposite the one that stands on the frame of the gondola car, outside the bunker overturning lane; the third worker must pass the end of the cable under the gondola car to the worker standing on the unloading platform for transfer to the one who stands on the frame of the gondola car, who will hook the end of the cable to a special pin on the bunker using a hook that is at the end of the cable, after which he will get off the gondola car with other workers who hooked the cable, he will go to the winch or tractor;
• on the command "release the holder", the worker on the side where unloading will be carried out, releases the lock (if any) on the holders, unscrews the holders' lead screws with a lever wrench and removes the hooks of their hooks, then goes to the side opposite to unloading, and performs the same the most operations with lead screws and holders;
• after that, to a firmly fixed winch or a tractor allocated for unloading, located at a distance of 15 m from the unloading gondola car, on the side opposite to unloading, attach the cable to the tractor with a loop or to the winch so that there are at least two turns on the drum;
• Having made sure that there are no people near the gondola car, the person responsible for unloading must give the command “pull the cable!”, which activates the winch or tractor, as a result of which the cable is pulled and turns the bunker over.

All other gondola car bunkers must be unloaded in the same sequence.

3.11. After unloading the gondola car with the same cable and using the same winch or tractor, the bunker must be installed in the transport position in the following sequence:

• one worker needs to go out onto the frame of the gondola car from the side opposite to unloading, stand next to the bunker, which must be lifted, secure the cable supplied from below with a hook on the hopper pin on the side of the winch or tractor, get off the gondola car and move to a safe distance;
• if the bunker assumes a vertical position, the person responsible for unloading must give the command “Stop!”, which stops the rotation of the winch or the movement of the tractor; the worker who freed the frames of the holders puts on hooks from the unloading side and secures them on the side opposite to the unloading, goes out onto the frame of the gondola car and transfers the cable to another bunker.

3.12. In the summer, if the bitumen in the bunkers does not harden to a solid state and does not fall out of the bunker in a lump, it is necessary to heat the entire mass of bitumen to a fluid state, and then drain it over a wide tray.

3.13. The volume of the tray must be such as to ensure the acceptance of the entire mass of bitumen heated in the bunker without overflowing, since it is impossible to regulate the merger when turning the bunker over, and if the capacity of the tray is insufficient, bitumen or tar overflows over the sides of the carriage frame onto the railway tracks.

3.14. The movement of people and any work on the unloading area is permitted only after the holders of all bunkers are securely fastened on both sides of the gondola car.

3.15. In case of changes in meteorological conditions (wind >10 m/sec, fog, snowfall, etc.) that affect safety, unloading work must be stopped.

3.16. The cable used for turning over must be at least 25 m long and 15-18 mm in diameter without breaking individual strings. Work with the cable is carried out only in gloves.

3.17. The approach to the bunkers is allowed only from the side opposite to unloading.

3.18. In order to avoid overturning gondola cars, it is forbidden to keep two or more bunkers overturned at the same time.

3.19. It is prohibited to pump cars with overturned or unsecured bins.

3.20. During the work of unloading bitumen and tar, the railway track must not be contaminated with viscous materials.

3.21. It is prohibited for workers to remain on the bunkers when they are overturned or while the car is moving.

3.22. Explosion-proof flashlights must be used when working with artificial lighting.

Lighting must be at least 50 lux.

3.23. When loading and unloading bitumen and tar in barrels, take measures to prevent the load from rolling out and causing possible injuries.

3.24. Barrels with bitumen are laid in places protected from sunlight, in two rows on the end or horizontally one on top. In the latter case, in order to avoid rolling out, they must be jammed with inventory stops.

3.25. Over short distances (15-20 m), barrels are allowed to be rolled, that is, pushed by hand.

3.26. Barrels (bags) weighing up to 50 kg must be unloaded manually by two workers, over 50 kg - by mechanization. It is prohibited to push the barrel with your hands. Workers should not be behind the barrel, but only on the side.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. After unloading the bitumen and tar, upon a signal from the person in charge, the hopper should be installed in a vertical position, secured, close the hopper lids, turn off the valve on the steam line and disconnect the hoses from the steam shell pipes.

4.2. In winter, after completion of work, the pipelines must be blown with dry steam or air to prevent steam from condensing and freezing water in them.

4.3. Organize the workplace and mechanisms, clean them of bitumen, tar, and tar.

4.4. After unloading is completed, the worker must clean overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment and put everything in the designated place.

4.5. Hands contaminated with bitumen or tar, the worker should wipe with kerosene, and then wash with hot water and soap. Wash your face, take a shower.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In case of unexpected maneuvers of the locomotive, stop unloading and leave the danger zone.

5.2. If a small amount of tar, tar or bitumen catches fire, the fire source must be extinguished with sand, carbon dioxide and powder fire extinguishers, water, spraying it in thin streams, and steam.

5.3. If it is impossible to quickly extinguish the fire on your own, you should immediately call a special fire brigade and inform the administration.

5.4. In case of an accident, the worker must be able to provide first aid, if necessary, call an ambulance and inform the administration.

5.5. If a steam line breaks, it is necessary to shut off the steam using a shut-off valve and remove people from the danger zone.

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