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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection at work for a driver engaged in the construction and maintenance of logging roads
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and are deemed fit to perform this type of work, have been instructed, trained and tested on labor protection, fire safety, first aid and having a special certificate. 1.2. Persons who have undergone special training and have a certificate for the right to operate a machine (equipment) of this type are allowed to drive earth-moving and road-building machines. 1.3. Workers combining professions must be trained in safe working methods and instructed in labor protection in all jobs they perform. 1.4. Employees must know and comply with the internal labor regulations of the organization. 1.5. The assignment of the machine to certain employees must be issued by order (instruction) for the workshop or organization. 1.6. The driver of an earth-moving or road-building machine must know:
1.7. During work, the driver must use personal protective equipment (overalls, safety shoes, gloves, etc.), issued in accordance with established standards. 1.8. Employees using transport provided by the organization to travel to work are required to know and comply with the rules for transporting passengers. Travel to and from the place of work on transport not equipped for these purposes is prohibited. 1.9. When traveling in a bus, a specially equipped car, a passenger carriage of a train or on watercraft, it is not allowed:
When driving through water obstacles, you must wear a life jacket or belt. When transported by helicopter, all instructions of the crew must be followed. 1.10. Organizational management of the work is carried out by the master directly or through the foreman. The orders and instructions of the master are mandatory for all employees. 1.11. Work on the construction and maintenance of logging roads is carried out in accordance with the technological map approved for each road (section). Before starting work, each employee must be familiar with the technological map (scheme) and fulfill its requirements during work. 1.12. Sections and zones of access roads that are dangerous for traffic should be fenced off or road signs (for drivers) and warning notices (for pedestrians) visible at day and night should be placed on their borders. 1.13. Workplaces, sites, transport routes with the onset of darkness or poor visibility (in fog, rain, snow) must have artificial lighting with an illumination level not lower than that established by industry standards. It is not allowed to work without sufficient illumination of the workplace. 1.14. When power lines and underground utilities (electric cables, gas pipelines, etc.) are located on the developed site, earthworks can be performed only after obtaining a permit for these works and under the supervision of the organization that operates these facilities. The use of crowbars, picks and other impact tools for earthworks at the locations of underground utilities is not allowed. 1.15. When driving earth-moving and road-building machines on logging roads and public roads, it is necessary to follow the rules of the road, and when driving on ice in winter, the rules for moving on ice crossings. 1.16. When passing earth-moving and transport and road-building machines on bridges, one should be guided by signs and inscriptions about their carrying capacity and the admissibility of passing through them. 1.17. Stopping and parking of earth-moving and road-building machines are allowed only on the right shoulder in the direction of travel. In the event of a forced stop on the carriageway at a distance of 25 - 30 m behind the car, an emergency stop sign or a flashing red light should be displayed. 1.18. It is necessary to cross the railway tracks only in the established places on a continuous floor and in first gear, having previously made sure that there is no approaching train. Stopping and changing gears at the crossing is prohibited. 1.19. For the transportation of earth-moving and road-building machines on a trailer or railway platform, it is necessary to roll them onto the vehicle using a winch or on their own along inclined guides. Loaded on a trailer or platform, the machine must be firmly supported with stops and a rope or wire. When transporting machines on a trailer, people must not be on the trailer itself or in the cab of the machine. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Prior to the start of the shift, the driver, together with the road foreman or other work manager, must familiarize himself with the terrain, the nature of the soil and the road marking signs on the site prepared for work. 2.2. Before starting work, it is necessary to check: the serviceability of the chassis, engine, steering, horn, clutch, braking device, lighting devices, glazing, fastening of technological trailed and attached equipment, as well as the oil level in the engine and hydraulic system, the presence of fuel in the tanks and water in the cooling system, towing chains and ropes, auxiliary tools, a flask for drinking water, a fire extinguisher and a first aid kit. 2.3. Inspection of steel ropes of earth-moving and road-building machines should be carried out daily. Ropes that have 10% or more broken wires at one lay pitch must be replaced. 2.4. To determine the level of fuel in the tanks, you must use a measuring ruler. It is not allowed to use an open flame to illuminate the measuring ruler when checking the fuel level in the tank. 2.5. Before starting the engine, the operator must check the control levers of the machine and attachments and make sure that they are in the neutral position and the hydraulic system is turned off. 2.6. Engine heating in winter should be carried out with hot water, steam, mobile generators or individual heaters. It is not allowed to use open fire to heat the engine. 2.7. After starting the engine, the driver must check the operation of the machine, process and attachments at idle. Faults found, if they cannot be eliminated on their own, should be reported to the mechanic or foreman. It is not allowed to work on a damaged machine. 2.8. Before starting the movement, the driver must make sure that there are no people near the machine and in the way of its movement, give a warning signal and only after that start moving. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. The employee must perform only the work that is entrusted to him by his immediate supervisor. 3.2. It is necessary to work on earth-moving or road-building machines in areas with a slope not exceeding that indicated in the machine's passport. 3.3. When operating an earth-moving or road-building machine, the driver must drive the machine smoothly, without jerks, avoiding sharp turns and sudden braking. The speed of the machine must be suitable for the operation being performed. 3.4. Descent of the machine downhill should be done only in first gear. 3.5. It is allowed to clean dumps, knives and other technological equipment from adhering soil only when the engine of the machine is not running, using a shovel or scraper for this. When cleaning the working bodies (dump, knife, etc.), they must be lowered to the ground. 3.6. The driver must execute the "stop" command immediately, regardless of who gave it. 3.7. On earth-moving and road-building machines with a cable-block control system, it is prohibited:
3.8. The operation of two or more self-propelled or trailed machines following each other is allowed subject to a distance of at least 20 m. 3.9. When driving oncoming tractors, self-propelled and trailed machines, it is necessary to observe a safe interval between them. 3.10. The territory within a radius of 10 m from the place of work of the wedge woman is a danger zone. When working bulldozer 3.11. When preparing the route, felling stand-alone trees with a bulldozer should be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:
3.12. When preparing the route with a bulldozer, you should:
3.13. When operating a bulldozer on the preparation of tracks of all types, it is necessary:
3.14. It is possible to bring the bulldozer to the edge of a freshly poured embankment when moving the soil along it only at a distance of at least 1 m from the edge of the caterpillar. 3.15. When changing the cutting angle of the blade, it is necessary to rearrange the struts with which it is attached to the pushing beams, not simultaneously, but in turn, so that the blade cannot turn around the lower rollers. 3.16. When the bulldozer moves uphill, it is necessary to ensure that the working body does not go deep into the ground. 3.17. When operating the bulldozer on rough terrain or when driving on a bad road, the speed should not exceed the second gear of the tractor. 3.18. When stopping the bulldozer for a short time, turn off the clutch, turn the engine to low speed, move the speed lever to the neutral position, lower the blade to the ground; when stopping on a slope, place stops under the tracks. 3.19. It is allowed to mount the attachments of the bulldozer on the tractor and dismantle it only under the guidance of a mechanic, foreman or person responsible for the work. 3.20. When the engine is running, do not stand between the tractor and the blade or under the tractor. 3.21. When moving the bulldozer to another place of work, the blade must be raised to the transport position. 3.22. Stuck machines should be towed or pulled out by a bulldozer using a special tugboat, without jerks, under the guidance of a foreman or other responsible employee. When the rooter is working 3.23. Before the start of uprooting the stumps, the driver must warn the workers with a sound signal, 3.24. The presence of workers between the uprooted stump and the uprooter during work is prohibited. 3.25. When uprooting stumps with a lifter, the driver must:
When working with a brush cutter 3.26. When clearing the road from bushes, it is necessary to remove large stones, stumps, as well as trees with a diameter of more than 20 cm throughout the entire area. 3.27. During the operation of the brush cutter, it is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the fence that protects the driver from being hit by the cut shrub. 3.28. When two hedge trimmers work simultaneously on the same site, the distance between them must be at least 60 m. 3.29. Ancillary workers collecting cut bushes in heaps and sawing them up should be no closer than 30 m from the place where the brush cutter works. When the scraper is running 3.30. It is allowed to develop the soil with scrapers when moving uphill or downhill with an angle of inclination not more than that specified in the machine's passport. 3.31. Coupling the tractor with the scraper should only be done with a special link. It is not allowed to use ropes or other devices for this. 3.32. When working with a scraper, the tractor should be driven smoothly, without jerks. 3.33. Cutting and digging with a scraper is allowed only on a straight section. Scraper turns while filling the bucket are not allowed. 3.34. With all cutting methods, the soil should be collected with a scraper in the first gear of the tractor-tractor. 3.35. The movement of the loaded scraper must be carried out in first or second gear. 3.36. To move the scraper to another site located at a distance of more than 1 km, the bucket should be raised and fixed with a transport suspension to the frame of the scraper, turning off the winch and hydraulic drive. 3.37. To prevent the self-propelled scraper from slipping down the slope, the road embankments must be backfilled in such a way that the backfill is slightly higher on the side of the slope than in the middle. 3.38. Turning the self-propelled scraper at the end of sections and on sharp turns when crossing must be carried out in first gear. 3.39. For the operation of the scraper, it is necessary to arrange technological congresses and entrances to the subgrade under construction. 3.40. When operating a self-propelled scraper, it is not allowed to leave it unbraked, as well as with a running engine without a driver. Leaving the scraper on a descent or ascent is not permitted. In case of a forced stop, it is necessary to slow down the car, lower the skin, turn off the engine, put stops under the wheels. 3.41. It is forbidden to unload the scraper by moving it in reverse down a slope. 3.42. It is not allowed to be closer than 5 m from a running machine. In the process of work, it is not allowed to sit on the scraper, stand on its frame, or stand between the scraper and the tractor. 3.43. To tow a self-propelled scraper, only a rigid tug attached to both front tow hooks may be used. 3.44. For small crossings over the site, the scraper bucket must be raised above the ground to a height of at least 0,35 m. 3.45. It is allowed to clean the scraper from adhering soil only when the engine of the machine is not running, using a shovel or scraper for this. 3.46. When relocating, the bucket of the self-propelled scraper must be in the transport position. When the grader is working 3.47. When turning a trailed grader or motor grader at the end of a profiled section, as well as on sharp turns, the movement should be carried out at a minimum speed. The turning radius of a motor grader must be at least 10-12 m, for a trailed grader - 9-10 m. 3.48. When installing the blade in the working position, in each individual case, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the work performed. When cutting the soil, the grip angle is set to 30-35°, and the smaller one is set when working in light soils, the larger one - in heavy ones. At a grip angle of less than 30°, skidding and overturning of the grader is possible. 3.49. It is necessary to level the soil on freshly poured embankments with a height of more than 1,5 m with extreme caution and under the supervision of a foreman or foreman. The distance between the edge of the subgrade and the outer (along the way) wheels of the motor grader or the tractor caterpillar must be at least 1 m. 3.50. Installation of the slope and extension, removal of the knife to the side for cutting slopes, as well as rearrangement of the knife must be carried out by at least two workers with the machine engine off. 3.51. A trailed grader on a rigid wheel can be transported in a trailer to a tractor at a speed of no more than 7 - 8 km/h, on pneumatic spikes - in a trailer to a car at a speed of up to 20 km/h, depending on the type of road and its condition. Transportation of the grader in tow without a driver is prohibited. 3.52. The operation of the grader-elevator is allowed on a rigid hitch by directly attaching the drawbar to the tractor hitch. 3.53. Changing the gripping and cutting angles of the disc plow, as well as the angle of inclination of the grader-elevator conveyor is allowed only after the machine has completely stopped. 3.54. To maintain the stability of the grader-elevator during operation and prevent it from tipping over, it is necessary:
3.55. When loading soil with a grader-elevator, workers are not allowed to be in the back of vehicles. 3.56. When loading soil into the vehicle, the conveyor should be switched off at the moment the vehicle cabin approaches the soil flow. 3.57. Transportation of the grader-elevator is allowed if the following requirements are met:
3.58. When transporting the grader-elevator on a road with transverse slopes close to the maximum allowable, as well as when turning during operation, the following measures must be taken against tipping over:
When the excavator is working 3.59. During operation, the excavator must be installed on a planned horizontal site or a site with slopes not exceeding those specified in the machine's operating manual. 3.60. The distance between the face and the excavator (with the exception of the working body) in any of its positions must be at least 1 m. 3.61. The maximum depth of the face should not exceed the maximum digging depth of the excavator. 3.62. The turn of the excavator for unloading can be started only after the bucket leaves the ground. 3.63. During excavator operation it is not allowed:
3.64. Before unloading begins, the bucket must be positioned exactly above the unloading point. At the time of unloading, the height of the bucket above the level of vehicles should be minimal. 3.65. Turning into the face and lowering the bucket should be done without impacts and shocks in order to avoid breaking the ropes. 3.66. Simultaneous operation of two excavators on ledges located one above the other can only be allowed if the distance between the excavators along the work front is at least 20 m. 3.67. During breaks in work, regardless of their causes and duration, the excavator boom should be moved away from the face, and the bucket should be lowered to the ground. It is necessary to clean the bucket after lowering it to the ground. 3.68. During blasting, the excavator (and other machines) must be moved to a safe distance. 3.69. In the event of a temporary cessation of work or when repairing the excavator, it should be moved to a distance not less than the reach of the boom from the edge of an open excavation or trench. 3.70. Before moving the excavator, it is necessary to level the path and remove all existing obstacles. On soft soils, the path of the excavator is lined with shields, logs, whips and other improvised means. 3.71. When operating dump trucks, the following safety requirements must be met:
3.72. Places for unloading dump trucks on the embankment must be marked with safety signs. 3.73. It is allowed to work under the raised body of the dump truck only after installing inventory stops under the body. When working copra 3.74. When driving piles, the pile drivers must be driven on rail tracks or a solid horizontal base. The condition of the paths for the movement of the pile driver must be checked before the start of the shift and during work. During operation, the pile driver should be secured to the rails with anti-theft devices. The pile driver can only be moved when the pile hammer is lowered. Copra with a height of more than 10 m should be moved, having previously strengthened them with stretch marks. It is only allowed to move or turn the headstock when the steam (compressed air) supply is turned off. 3.75. Installation of piles and pile driving equipment is carried out until they are fully fixed in place. If it is impossible to complete the installation and fixing, the lifted load (hammer, pile) must be lowered onto a solid foundation. 3.76. Pile driving from ice is allowed only according to a specially developed project. When driving piles from ice, the working area must be cleared of snow. 3.77. It is allowed to stack piles and other materials on ice only if the ice cover is sufficiently strong and at a distance of at least 25 m from the place of driving. Holes in the ice for piling should be covered with shields before starting work. 3.78. During a rush in the work, the pile hammer must be lowered to the lower position and fixed on the pile driver head. 3.79. It is forbidden to stand under a raised and loose pile hammer. During the operation of the stacker and spreader 3.80. The distribution of materials for road pavement (crushed stone, gravel and sand) on the subgrade must be carried out by a bulldozer, motor grader or a special self-propelled stacker, and fine crushed stone (cuttings) - using a mounted or self-propelled distributor. In this case, the following requirements must be met:
3.81. When distributing bulk and liquid products along the treated road strip and mixing them with the ground, it is necessary to take into account the direction of the wind. Machines should move so that workers are less in the leeward zone, where dust and vapors of harmful substances are carried. 3.82. Powder dispensers and machine distributors must be sealed. 3.83. The mixing of reinforcing additives with the soil should be carried out by machines equipped with well-fitted sealing covers on the working bodies. It is not allowed to remove and lift covers during operation. During the operation of the asphalt paver 3.84. When loading the paver hopper and during its operation, it is not allowed to be near the side walls of the hopper in order to avoid burns with hot mix. 3.85. Tool heated for finishing hot mix asphalt pavement must be heated in a mobile brazier. It is not allowed to heat the instrument on fires. 3.86. It is allowed to unload the asphalt concrete mixture stuck in the body of the dump truck while standing on the ground using special scrapers or a shovel with a handle not less than 2 m long. 3.87. During operation, the distance between the paver and the roller must be less than 5 m. During the operation of the asphalt distributor 3.88. During the operation of asphalt distributors for the construction of structural layers from materials obtained by mixing, impregnation or surface treatment with liquid, binder materials (bitumen, emulsion, etc.), as well as for priming the lower layer of asphalt concrete pavement, it is necessary:
3.89. When spilling bitumen from the distribution pipe, it is not allowed to be closer than 15 m from the spill site. During breaks in work, the nozzle of the distribution pipe must be lowered. 3.90. The site for soil stabilization works using toxic chemicals should be planned taking into account surface water runoff routes and below 50 m from water bodies, water intake points and open-type wells. 3.91. During work and for the period of binding toxic stabilizing substances to the ground (up to 3 days), it must be ensured that unauthorized persons, as well as domestic animals and birds, cannot enter the work site. During the work of the slab layer and truck crane 3.92. During the construction of temporary roads with a coating of reinforced concrete slabs or wooden shields, laying and dismantling of wheel ducts must be carried out using slab layers or truck cranes. 3.93. The slabs are laid on a pre-prepared base. 3.94. When loading and laying slabs, the slab layer or truck crane must be braked, the truck crane must be mounted on outriggers and braked with a hand brake. 3.95. The plates on the trailer frame are laid lengthwise in two packs and are kept from falling out by two folding racks. Racks in the transport position are linked with a chain with a lock. 3.96. To prevent tipping of the trailer body forward or backward after uncoupling from the vehicle, it must be placed on a special screw stop. Before uncoupling the trailer, the ball head of the screw is inserted into the socket and locked by moving the socket. 3.97. When feeding slabs for laying in the floor or on the machine, it is necessary to direct their movement with the help of hooks with handles with a length of at least 4 m. 3.98. Moving the slabs along the slab-laying crane-beam is allowed only after the gripping device is securely fixed in the trolley. 3.99. It is forbidden to stand under the load suspended from the crane-beam. 3.100. Lifting loads above the rated capacity is prohibited. 3.101. When stopping for laying or removing the next pair of slabs, the paver must be set to the hand brake. 3.102. Slabs or shields should be laid "away from you", moving along an already laid track. 3.103. When disassembling the coating, the slabs that are strongly dried to the base, frozen or drowned in mud are torn off from the base one at a time. If at the first attempt the plate did not come off the base, such sections of the coating should be disassembled under more favorable conditions (after thawing or moistening the base). 3.104. The paver operator and crane operator must know the established signals for communicating with the vehicle driver during loading and unloading and follow them accurately. 3.105. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the serviceability of the hydraulic drive of the manipulator, the metal structures of the boom and the support frame of the manipulator. Before loading or unloading, check the levelness of the site, the correct installation of the machine and the absence of people or objects in the area of the manipulator, warn about the start of work with a sound signal. 3.106. It is forbidden for people to stay in the area of action of the manipulator, boom during loading, unloading, laying shields. 3.107. Laying boards on the machine, in the coating or stack should be done smoothly, without impacts. 3.108. When laying the coating, the shields are connected to the wheel duct only after they are outside the range of the hydraulic manipulator, boom. 3.109. When disassembling the coating, the shields must be disconnected in advance. 3.110. When loading shields on a car, people are not allowed to be in the cab and car body. 3.111. The paver driver is prohibited from:
3.112. During the work of the stacker on the transportation of panels, the rules for the movement of vehicles with oversized cargo on the roads must be observed. 3.113. The truck crane operator must make sure that the additional supports (outriggers, jacks, etc.) are in good condition. 3.114. The crane driver must install the crane on a flat section of the road, excluding one-sided subsidence and overturning of the crane, and also install the crane on additional supports in all cases when the technical characteristics of the crane require it. 3.115. When moving the crane, set the boom to the transport position; It is not allowed to move the crane and turn the boom at the same time. 3.116. In the process of laying or dismantling the coating, slingers must:
3.117. During the operation of the crane, no one, except for slingers, should be in the area of laying and dismantling the coating. 3.118. At the end of the work, the paver operator and the crane operator must:
During the operation of the roller and vibrator 3.119. When working on soil compaction of self-propelled and trailed rollers, as well as other machines, the distance between them must be at least 2 m. 3.120. A trailed single-axle roller on pneumatic tires with a ballast body may be hitched to a tractor with an unloaded body. It is necessary to raise the front part of the roller using a lifting device (jack). The rear jack of the roller must be set so that the tongue of the roller is raised to the level of the tow hitch of the tractor. The workers hitching the roller are not allowed to be behind the body and in the body of the tractor. 3.121. It is not allowed to compact the soil with a trailed roller of any type by moving the tractor backwards. 3.122. When compacting a high embankment, the distance between its edge and the chassis of the tractor is set depending on the specific conditions of the work, but not less than 1,5 m. 3.123. It is not allowed to unhitch a single-axle roller on pneumatic tires until it has been unloaded. 3.124. It is necessary to transport trailed rollers over a considerable distance without ballast. 3.125. Self-propelled rollers used for rolling asphalt concrete pavements must be equipped with a roller lubrication device. Manual lubrication of the rollers is not permitted. 3.126. When compacting soils and road surfaces with vibrators, the following requirements must be met:
3.127. When using electric vibrators, it is necessary to comply with safety requirements when working with power tools. 3.128. When compacting the soil with tamping plates mounted on excavators or other machines, the following requirements must be met:
3.129. It is not allowed to compact the soil by machines with tamping plates on transverse and longitudinal slopes of more than 7 °. During the work of the construction and repair train 3.130. During the work of the construction and repair train, it is necessary to use hooks to direct the link moving along the crane-beam. It is forbidden to direct the link moving along the crane-beam by hand. 3.131. When laying the track, the construction and repair train must move in first gear. 3.132. The cargo on the platforms and the tracklayer must be securely secured. When moving a train from one dead end to another, the links must be additionally fixed. 3.133. A team of workers of the construction and repair train should be transported in the cabin of the power unit or in a special wagon. 3.134. During the work of the construction and repair train, it is prohibited:
3.135. When the last link approaches the end of the rails, a cut-in sleeper or brake shoes are laid at a distance of 1 m from their end. 3.136. It is allowed to lift bundles of sleepers for laying by the tracklayer only with the help of two checkers. 3.137. It is forbidden to be on the platform at a distance of less than 5 m from the bundle of sleepers being picked up. 3.138. When laying out the rails with a puter, you must not be at a distance of less than 7 m from the track to be dismantled. 3.139. Periodically, in accordance with the established terms of work, as well as after a major overhaul, the tracklayer must be tested and submitted for examination in the manner prescribed by the Gosgortekhnadzor. 3.140. When filling the tank with fuel, it is forbidden to smoke, light matches, bring fire to the tank to check the amount of fuel in the tank. When refueling, use a bucket with a funnel. After refueling, the tank should be wiped dry. 3.141. Wires with damaged insulation must be replaced or insulated, as a ground discharge in the presence of diesel fuel vapors, gasoline or smudges can lead to a fire and rupture of the fuel tank. All wire contacts must be securely fastened and protected from short circuits. 3.142. In case of ignition of gasoline, do not fill the flame with water, fill it with sand, earth or cover it tightly with tarpaulin, felt, etc. 3.143. It is forbidden to make fires closer than 20 m from the power unit. 3.144. The construction and repair train should be moved outside the track under construction or under repair only by order of the dispatcher on duty. When repairers work 3.145. During the work of repairers equipped with pneumatic tools and boilers for heating bitumen and preparing asphalt concrete mixture, it is necessary:
During the work of waterers and snowplows 3.146. When working on a vacuum waterer, before starting work, you must:
3.147. When clearing the road from snow with a rotary snowplow, the distance from the edge of its rear wheel to the edge of the ditch must be at least 1 m. It is not allowed to stay in a trench punched by a snowplow at a distance of less than 20 m from a running machine. 3.148. While the snow blower is moving, it is forbidden to pull out objects that have fallen there from under the attachment. 3.149. Drivers of automobile snowplows are prohibited from overtaking moving vehicles. 3.150. During snow clearing with squares attached to the machine, it is not allowed to be on the squares. 3.151. Clearing the railway track from snow should be carried out with a special snow plow. For the safe passage of snowplows before the onset of winter, the path must be prepared. Appropriate signs are placed in front of places that are an obstacle to the passage of a snowplow in working condition (bridges, crossings, arrows, etc.). The sign "Raise the knife and close the wings" is placed 30 m before the start of the obstacle on the right side of the movement, and the sign "Lower the knife and open the wings" - 10 m after the obstacle. 3.152. De-icing materials in a loose state must be scattered mechanically using sand spreaders. It is not allowed to spread such materials by hand from the body of a moving vehicle. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. When readings of instruments indicating insufficient oil pressure in the engine or high coolant temperature, it is necessary to immediately stop the earth-moving or road-building machine and turn off the engine. After the engine has cooled down, measure the oil level, inspect the oil pipeline system and eliminate the identified defects. Open the radiator cap to check the coolant level with extreme caution, avoiding burns. First, loosen it by releasing steam, and then remove the cap on the neck. In this case, you need to work only in mittens. 4.2. If the cabin door is jammed, you must use the exit through the opening windows. If this is not possible, squeeze or break the glass and leave the cab. 4.3. If it is necessary to eliminate a malfunction that has arisen during operation and maintenance, turn off the machine engine. 4.4. In the event of a fire, a fire extinguisher in the cab must be used to extinguish the flame. 4.5. The operation of the machine must be stopped during heavy rain, during thunderstorms, heavy snow, thick fog. 4.6. The victim or eyewitness must notify the foreman or the appropriate work manager of each accident. 4.7. Each worker must be able to provide first aid. Assistance must be provided immediately at the scene of the incident. The first step is to eliminate the source of injury (turn off the engine, stop the mechanism, remove the victim from under the whip, etc.). The provision of assistance should begin with the most significant that threatens the health or life of a person: in case of severe bleeding, apply a tourniquet, and then bandage the wound; if a closed fracture is suspected, apply a splint; with open fractures, you should first bandage the wound, and then apply a splint; for burns, apply a dry bandage; in case of frostbite, gently rub the affected area using soft or fluffy tissues. If spinal injuries are suspected, the victim can only be transported in the supine position on a rigid base. After providing first aid, the victim should be sent to the nearest medical facility. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Upon completion of work, you should:
5.2. Any deficiencies in the field of labor protection must be reported to the foreman or the relevant work manager.
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