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Instructions on labor protection for the installer of steel and reinforced concrete structures. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. The instruction on labor protection (hereinafter referred to as the instruction) was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Law of Ukraine "On labor protection" and establishes the rules for the performance of work and the behavior of an employee on the territory of the enterprise, in production premises and at the workplace in accordance with state, intersectoral and sectoral regulations about labor protection.

1.2. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise.

1.3. In accordance with Article 18 of the Law of Ukraine "On labor protection", an employee is obliged to "know and comply with the requirements of regulatory acts on labor protection, the rules for handling machines, mechanisms, equipment and other means of production, use collective and individual protective equipment, undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations.

1.4. Depending on the specific conditions of the organization of the production process, as well as in connection with the accidents and accidents, the instructions may be amended and supplemented, which are set out on a separate sheet signed by the head of the relevant structural unit.

1.5. The instruction is a mandatory regulatory document for installers of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems.

1.6. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination and have no contraindications, have been trained in safe methods and techniques, have passed an exam and received a certificate are allowed to independently work on the installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems.

Re-examination of knowledge by installers of labor safety is carried out annually.

Installers with a tariff category of at least the 4th are allowed to work with assembly piston guns, who have completed a course of training and received a certificate for the right to carry out these works.

Persons operating manual electric machines of classes II and III must have electrical safety group I.

1.7. Installers must undergo the following safety briefings:

a) introductory - when applying for a job;

b) primary - at the workplace;

c) repeated - at least once every three 3 months;

d) unscheduled - in case of violation of labor safety requirements, which led or could lead to an accident or an accident; when changing the technological process, the design of the electric winch or the current regulations on labor protection; during a break in work in the specialty for more than 60 calendar days;

e) target - when performing one-time work not directly related to duties in the specialty, liquidating an accident, natural disaster, performing work for which a work permit, permit and other documents are issued.

1.8. To reduce the level of influence of hazardous and harmful production factors, the installer must be provided with the following personal protective equipment:

• cotton overalls - wear period 12 months;
• leather boots with a hard toe cap - wearing time is 12 months;
• combined mittens - wearing period 1 month.

Permanently employed only on outdoor robots in winter additionally:

• cotton jacket with insulated lining - wearing period 36 months;
• cotton trousers with insulated lining - wearing period is 36 months;
• felt boots - wearing period 48 months.

On driving fasteners (dowels) with a mounting piston gun, additionally:

• protective helmet with earmuffs - before wear:
• a shield with a protective screen made of plexiglass - on duty;
• mittens combined with two fingers - wear period 1 month.

1.9. When receiving personal protective equipment (PPE), the installer must be instructed by the work supervisor on how to use and care for it.

1.10. Installation of ventilation, air conditioning, pneumatic transport and aspiration systems is allowed only after the object or its individual sections are ready for installation. The engineering and technical personnel must draw up a report on the readiness of the object for installation.

1.11. To install air ducts at a height, there must be installed scaffolding, scaffolding or decking with fencing, equipped with ladders for lifting and lowering workers.

1.12. If there are no decks with high-height guardrails, it is necessary to use proven safety belts. The place where the safety belt is attached must be indicated by the foreman or foreman.

1.13. It is prohibited to work in the installation area of ​​a building along one vertical line, regardless of the number of floors (floors) above the workplace.

1.14. The movement and installation of equipment must be carried out according to a previously developed technology using mechanization.

11.15. All workplaces and passages to them must be adequately lit.

1.16. Electrical wiring in work areas must be de-energized and securely fenced.

1.17. The technical condition of enlarged units or blocks of air ducts and equipment must ensure the reliability and ease of their lifting, installation, and fastening.

1.18. Places that are dangerous for work and the passage of people must be fenced, have inscriptions and signs, and when working at night - marked with light signals.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Get your work clothes in order:

• fill the clothes so that there are no hanging ends;
• put on a protective helmet.

2.2. Prepare the workplace for work, remove foreign objects.

2.3. Before starting work, check the condition of the tools and accessories. It is prohibited to use a faulty tool.

2.4. Hand tools must meet the following requirements:

• percussion instruments (hammers, sledgehammers, etc.) must have oval cross-section handles made of dry hardwood and reinforced with metal wedges with a thickened free end of at least 250 mm in length;
• for hammers and sledgehammers, the surface of the striker should be slightly convex and smooth;
• screwdrivers, files and other tools must be securely secured in the handles with bandage rings;
• percussion instruments (bolts, chisels, beards, notches) should not have beveled or knocked-down surfaces with dents, faces, cracks;
• The wrenches must match the size of the nuts and bolt heads. It is prohibited to use plates between the nuts and the wrench;
• adjustable wrenches should not have any slack in the moving parts, the edges of the nuts and mounting bolts should not be worked;
• pliers should not have chipped handles, the jaws should be sharp, solid, not chipped, with a proper notch;
• clamps should be smooth without slaughters and cracks;
• drills must be properly sharpened and free from cracks, burrs and other defects.

2.5. Persons who have been trained in working with them and have the appropriate certificate for the right to use them are allowed to work with power tools.

The use of power tools is permitted in accordance with the requirements specified in the manufacturer’s passport and operating instructions.

2.6. All electrified tools are subject to accounting and must be registered in a special journal. Each of them must have an inventory number. The instrument issued must be in good working order.

2.7. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the electrified tool for the absence of a short to the body and the serviceability of the insulation of the electrical wires.

2.8. When preparing to work with hoists, blocks, pulleys, you must check the following:

• on each block, hoist, chain hoist, the inventory number, load capacity, and date of the next test must be indicated;
• when inspecting the hoist before starting work, pay special attention to the wear of the axle, chains (discard if worn 30%), transmission sprockets and reliable operation of the brake;
• the possibility of hanging the hoist in each specific case in a certain place must be checked by calculation by the work manager;
• Inspect the chain hoist and make sure that the ropes are reeled correctly. When checking, do not allow the blocks to shift relative to each other, as this can lead to the ropes falling off the blocks and causing an accident. The take-off block must be located so that the end of the rope does not have an oblique run on the pulley block. The block axis must have a safety bracket of adequate strength.

2.9. When preparing to work with jacks, check the following:

• rail jacks must have handles and safety devices that prevent spontaneous lowering of the load when the force is removed from the handle or lever; devices that prevent screw failure;
• Hydraulic jacks must be equipped with a check valve, a diaphragm that allows the rod to slowly lower or stop if the supply pipelines are damaged.

2.10. A control inspection of blocks, hoists and jacks must be carried out by the work manager once every 10 days with the inspection recorded in a log.

2.11. Ladders must have mortise steps, non-slip tips at the bottom, and grips at the top.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. Work should only be done with the right tool.

3.2. When working with a hand tool, it is prohibited:

• blow off metal chips or dust. They should be removed with a brush;
• use hammers and sledgehammers that are loosely mounted on the handles and not secured with a wedge.

3.3. When working with a mechanized tool, it is prohibited:

• work from ladders;
• move around with a working tool;
• leave unattended a tool with a running engine;
• pull and bend hoses, tool cables, allow them to intersect with ropes, live cables, hoses supplying oxygen and other gases;
• work with power tools in open areas without canopies.

3.4. People are not allowed to be under the installed equipment or assembled units until they are finally secured.

3.5. It is prohibited to attach equipment, components, pipelines not provided for by the design to the installed equipment or building structures without the permission of the foreman or foreman.

3.6. It is necessary to lift and install sections of air conditioners and large fans (numbers), as well as other heavy equipment in the presence of a foreman or foreman.

3.7. When working with a jack, it is prohibited:

• perform work if the jack "gives" down when lifting the load;
• overload the jack.

3.8. The use of mechanical and rigging equipment is allowed only after it has been checked by the work manager.

3.9. It is forbidden to drop parts and tools down from scaffolding, scaffolding, ladders.

3.10. It is possible to install equipment on the foundation, brackets only after the concrete has gained design strength.

3.11. Immediately before starting up the equipment, it is necessary to carefully check the fastening and condition of safety and control devices, remove all foreign objects and tools.

A test run of the equipment should be carried out in the presence of the installation contractor and the person responsible for the installation of the electrical part.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Tidy up the workplace, remove debris and waste, remove dirt and put tools and accessories in the designated place.

4.2. Check if any tools or parts are left inside the equipment.

4.3. Report any shortcomings that occurred during work to the supervisor.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. During the installation of ventilation, air conditioning and aspiration systems, industrial accidents and accidents may occur when:

• reduction of technological passages and driveways as a result of placing elements of equipment, devices, and tools in them;
• damage to the insulation of electrical cables, breakdown of the insulation of the windings of electrical equipment, as a result of which uninsulated parts may become live. In this case, it is necessary to quickly and safely de-energize the equipment and report the incident to the work manager;
• the occurrence of a fire in the workplace or work area as a result of careless handling of fire or a short circuit of electrical wiring due to damaged insulation;
• the use of hazardous work practices; use as a means of paving random objects or faulty paving means;
• use of a faulty tool;
• performing unusual work that is not the responsibility of the installer and for which there is no necessary knowledge;
• using random objects as a tool;
• non-use of personal protective equipment.

5.2. If any violations are detected during work that could lead to an accident or pose an immediate danger to the lives of workers, the worker must take prompt measures on the spot to eliminate the source of danger. If necessary, production equipment must be turned off and people removed from the danger zone.

5.3. In case of illness or injury, it is necessary to report this personally or through other persons to the master (foreman) and contact the first-aid post.

5.4. In the event of an accident, first aid should be provided to the victim, and if necessary, call an ambulance. Until the investigation, keep the situation at the workplace as it was at the time of the incident, if this does not threaten the life and health of others and does not lead to an accident.

5.5. Providing first aid.

5.5.1. First aid for electric shock.

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state, the revival must begin immediately, and then call an "ambulance".

5.5.2. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.5.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.5.4. First aid for burns with acids and alkalis.

If acid or alkali gets on the skin, the damaged areas must be thoroughly washed with water for 15-20 minutes, after which the acid-damaged surface should be washed with a 5% solution of baking soda, and the burnt with alkali - with a 3% solution of boric acid or an acetic solution. acids.

In case of contact with the mucous membrane of the eyes of acid or alkali, it is necessary to rinse the eyes thoroughly with a stream of water for 15-20 minutes, wash them with a 2% solution of baking soda, and burnt alkali with a 3% solution of boric acid or a 3% solution of acetic acid. acids.

In case of burns of the oral cavity with alkali, it is necessary to rinse with a 3% solution of acetic acid or a 3% solution of boric acid, for acid burns - with a 5% solution of baking soda.

If acid enters the respiratory tract, it is necessary to breathe with a 10% solution of baking soda sprayed with a spray bottle, if alkali enters, a sprayed 3% solution of acetic acid.

5.5.5. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile dressing and a doctor is called.

5.5.6. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

• raise the injured limb up;
• close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
• in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

5.6. Follow the instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

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