Instruction on labor protection for a tractor driver (tractor driver)

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Instructions on labor protection for a tractor driver (tractor driver). Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have a certificate for the right to drive a tractor and are recognized as fit for this work by a medical commission are allowed to drive a tractor.

1.2. The tractor driver (tractor driver), who is hired, must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, methods and methods of providing first aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rights and benefits for work in hazardous and dangerous working conditions, rules of conduct in case of accidents.

Before starting work directly at the workplace, the tractor driver (tractor driver) must undergo an initial briefing on safe methods of work.

On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Journal of introductory briefing on labor protection issues and the Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.3. The tractor driver (tractor driver) who is hired, after the initial briefing at the workplace, must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and nature of work) under the guidance of an experienced, qualified tractor driver, who is appointed by order (instruction ) by enterprise.

1.4. A tractor driver (tractor driver) must undergo a repeated briefing on the rules and methods of safe work and labor protection:

periodically, at least once a quarter;
with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than a month;
in connection with an admitted case of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.5. The tractor driver (tractor driver) must work in overalls and footwear provided for by the Model Industry Standards: cotton overalls, combined mittens, rubber boots.

In addition, on external robots in winter: a cotton jacket and trousers with a warm lining, felt boots.

Overalls, safety shoes must be in good working order and correspond to height and size. It is forbidden to work in clothes impregnated with fuels and lubricants.

1.6. Tools and devices must only be used for their intended purpose.

1.7. The cab of the tractor driver (tractor driver), controls and instruments must be clean, dry and free from foreign objects.

1.8. It is not allowed to store oiled or fuel-soaked cleaning materials, as well as gasoline, kerosene and other flammable substances on the tractor.

1.9. The tractor must be refueled using fueling devices. Refueling of the tractor at night is allowed only under artificial lighting. It is forbidden to use sources of open fire.

1.10. Filling the fuel tank of the starting engine with ethyl gasoline is only permitted by mechanized means. It is forbidden to fill the tank with ethyl gasoline directly from a bucket or other containers.

1.11. It is necessary to ensure that there are no leaks in the fuel tanks and fuel lines, which, if detected, must be immediately eliminated, and the leaks must be wiped off.

1.12. Operation with a defective or hard to hear sound signal is not permitted.

It is forbidden to operate the tractor at night with a faulty light signaling.

1.13. Before getting off the tractor, put the gearshift lever in neutral and apply the brakes.

1.14. Before loading the tractor onto a railway platform or other vehicle, it is necessary to set the linkage mechanism to the extreme upper position, fix it with a mechanical lock in the transport position. It is necessary to drain the water from the engine cooling system and the fuel from the fuel tanks, disconnect the battery, and engage the first gear of the gearbox.

1.15. When loading and unloading the tractor, it is necessary to use special grips that guarantee the safety of work and the integrity of the cab and tractor skin.

1.16. The tractor driver (tractor driver) must know well the methods of driving the tractor and the sequence of their implementation when starting the starting engine and diesel engine, when the tractor is put into operation and moving, and also when the tractor and engine are stopped.

1.17. It is forbidden to lubricate and fasten parts, refuel, adjust and clean the tractor and trailed units from dirt during operation.

1.18. When repairing the engine, it is forbidden to carry out any repair work under the tractor and trailed machines.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, it is necessary to inspect the tractor, make sure that it is in good condition, and only then proceed to start the engine.

2.2. Before starting the engine, you must:

perform the operations "Every shift maintenance to prepare the engine for operation";
check the serviceability of electrical lighting and signaling equipment;
open the shut-off valve of the fuel tank of the main engine;
bleed air from the fuel system (if necessary).

2.3. To start the engine, the following requirements must be met:

set the gear shift lever to neutral;
connect the battery to the electrical network by pressing the large button of the "ground" switch until it locks in the lower position;
set the fuel control lever to the off fuel supply position;
turn on the decompressor;
open the fuel supply valve to the carburetor of the starting engine;
close the air damper of the carburetor of the starting engine;
turn on the electric starter;
after warming up the starting engine, smoothly but quickly turn on the clutch of the gearbox;
crank the main engine for 1-2 minutes. until the lubricating oil pressure appears in the engine oil line and turn off the decompressor;
turn off the starting engine;
close the fuel supply valve to the carburetor.

2.4. To facilitate starting the engine in winter, fluids with a low freezing point (antifreeze) should be used in the cooling system.

2.5. Refueling the tractor engine cooling system with antifreeze should be carried out only using dishes specially designed for this purpose (buckets with a spout, tanks, funnels).

Refueling utensils must be cleaned of solid deposits, deposits and rust, washed with an alkaline solution and steamed. Refueling utensils must be labeled "For Antifreeze Only".

When filling with antifreeze, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the ingress of petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, etc.) into it, since during engine operation they lead to foaming of the antifreeze.

2.6. Pour antifreeze into the cooling system without an expansion tank should not be up to the radiator neck, but 10% less than the volume of the cooling system, since during engine operation (when heated), antifreeze expands more than water, which can lead to its outflow.

Transfusion of antifreeze with a hose by sucking it in your mouth is prohibited.

Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling antifreeze.

2.7. It is not allowed to start the main engine without first cranking the crankshaft, especially in the cold season, if the lubricating oil is thick and enters the bearings late.

2.8. Do not start the engine without water in the cooling system.

2.9. It is forbidden to use open fire to facilitate starting the engine in the cold season.

2.10. It is forbidden to work on tractors that have a device for manually starting the engine using a starter cord. This applies to older tractor models, which must be equipped with an electric start engine.

2.11. When starting the engine with the starting handle, it must be taken with the right hand so that the fingers of the hand are on one side of the handle. It is forbidden to rotate the handle in a circle.

2.12. It is forbidden to start an overheated engine to avoid kickback from a premature flash (due to spontaneous combustion of the working mixture).

2.13. When starting off, when turning and stopping the machine, the tractor driver (tractor driver) must give warning signals to the workers who are on the trailed machines.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. While the tractor is moving, the main clutch must be fully engaged to prevent slipping of the discs, which leads to premature operation of the friction linings. It is necessary to change gears with the main clutch disengaged.

3.2. When the tractor is working with trailed machines, it is necessary to attach the links of the linkage mechanism to the upper planes (in order to prevent the links from touching the trailing bracket and damaging them), raise the lower links of the linkage mechanism to the highest position, set the upper link to the transport position and secure it with a special device.

3.3. The tractor driver (tractor driver) must familiarize himself with the scope of work and the technology of the working process, check the serviceability of the fence and the presence of warning signs, as well as familiarize himself with the terrain and features of the site.

3.4. It is forbidden to switch from the tractor to trailed machines and back while driving.

3.5. It is forbidden to switch on the speed when there are people between the tractor and the trailed machine.

3.6. The site on which the tractor works must be fenced and equipped with safety signs. When performing work on roads with open traffic, the place of work must be fenced off and appropriate road signs should be installed.

3.7. When operating the tractor, it is necessary to follow the readings of control and measuring devices:

pressure in the lubrication system of a warm engine. The pressure should be at rated speed 3-5 kgf / cm2, at minimum idle speed - at least 1 kgf / cm2;
water temperature in the cooling system (75-100°C).

It is impossible to allow the engine to operate for a long time under load at temperatures below 75 ° C, since this increases the actuation of the sleeve-piston group and reduces the efficiency of the engine.

3.8. To prevent burns from steam or hot water (antifreeze), which are thrown out of the radiator when the engine overheats, the radiator cap must be removed with gloves on, standing on the windward side.

3.9. Simultaneous operation of two tractors with trailed machines is allowed if the distance between the units is at least 20 m. The interval between tractors is allowed 10 m.

3.10. During tractor operation it is forbidden:

transfer control of the tractor to another person;
leave the car with the engine running;
sit and stand on the frame and other parts of the machine;
stand near the wheels of the machine or the tracks of the tractor;
unhook the machine from the tractor to a complete stop;
carry people in the tractor cab.

3.11. Maintenance of the tractor must be carried out only after it has been stopped, the engine is not running, the gear lever is in the neutral position, the linkage mechanism is lowered and the "ground" switch is off.

3.12. The tractor driver (tractor driver) must use only serviceable tools, without cracks, nicks, burrs.

3.13. Wrenches of the correct size must be used. It is forbidden to use gaskets between the jaw of the key and the faces of the nuts.

3.14. When tightening fasteners, be careful of nearby parts with sharp corners and edges.

3.15. When checking the oil level in the final drives, care must be taken to avoid escaping hot lubricating oil.

3.16. It is forbidden to use open fire when checking the electrolyte level in battery banks.

3.17. Batteries must be carefully inspected and maintained. When preparing the electrolyte, you must first pour water into the vessel, and then, continuously stirring, add acid in a thin stream. Reverse order is prohibited.

3.18. When checking the state of charge of the battery with a load fork, it is forbidden to touch the support, which is hot, as this can lead to burns.

3.19. To avoid burns, when dismantling and assembling parts near a hot exhaust manifold, do not touch it.

3.20. It is necessary to clean and wash parts and assemblies with a scraper, rag or brush.

3.21. It is only necessary to check the fan belt tension when the engine is not running.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Before stopping the engine, let it run for 5 minutes without load at medium and low crankshaft speeds, then stop and turn off the fuel supply.

4.2. After finishing work, it is necessary to carry out a control inspection of the tractor and operations for its maintenance, turn off and lock the starting devices. In this case, the possibility of starting the machine by unauthorized persons must be excluded.

4.3. In the winter season, it is necessary to drain the water, pour the oil into a clean container and close it tightly with stoppers.

4.4. At the end of the work, the tractor driver must take off his overalls, clean them from dust and other dirt and hang them in the place provided for storage. Then wash your face and hands with warm water and soap or take a shower.

4.5. The tractor driver (tractor driver) must inform the mechanic or shift worker about all malfunctions revealed during the inspection or operation of the tractor.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. If knocks and noises appear in the tractor engine, it is necessary to immediately stop the engine and eliminate the malfunctions. If the engine speed increases more than the permissible values (engine goes wild), it is necessary to stop the fuel supply by moving the fuel control lever up to the stop, and inform the mechanic about this.

5.2. For an emergency stop of the tractor, it is necessary to disengage the main clutch and press one of the stop brake pedals. If the stop is prolonged, put the shift lever in neutral and disengage the main clutch. If the tractor is standing on a slope, it is necessary to lock the right pedal of the parking brake with a gear sector.

5.3. To avoid damage to the engine, it is forbidden to re-engage the gear of the reducer while the engine is running.

5.4. To avoid burns, do not remove the hoses from the battery radiator pipes while the engine is running.

5.5. In the event of a fire on the tractor, immediately disconnect the battery. Extinguish the flame with a powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, cover with earth or cover with a tarpaulin.

It is forbidden to fill burning fuel with water.

5.6. It is forbidden to drive across steep slopes (above 15°) in order not to overturn the tractor; through ditches, humps and other obstacles, it is necessary to move carefully, at low speed, avoiding sharp tilts of the tractor. Do not allow sharp turns of the tractor with mounted implements when the tie chains are loose.

5.7. In case of accidents, the tractor driver (tractor driver) must be able to provide the injured person with first aid, and in case of emergency, call for prompt medical assistance.

6. Additional requirements

6.1. When driving on roads, the tractor driver (tractor driver) must comply with the requirements of the "Rules of the Road of Ukraine".

6.2. The speed of the tractor on the roads should be for tractors of the type, km/h:

MTZ - 2,5-33,4;
T-130 - 4,4-12,2;
DT-75-5 5,5-11,5;
T-150 - 16,3-30,1;
K-700 - 2,9-33,8.

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