Instruction on labor protection for the boiler room operator, fireman

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Instructions on labor protection for the boiler room operator, stoker. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. Introduction

1.1. The instruction on labor protection is the main document that establishes for workers the rules of conduct at work and the requirements for the safe performance of work.

1.2. Knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection is mandatory for workers of all categories and skill groups, as well as their immediate supervisors.

1.3. The administration of the enterprise (workshop) is obliged to create conditions at the workplace that meet the rules for labor protection, provide workers with protective equipment and organize their study of this Instruction on labor protection.

Each enterprise must develop and communicate to all personnel safe routes through the territory of the enterprise to the place of work and evacuation plans in case of fire and emergency.

1.4. Each worker must:

comply with the requirements of this Instruction;
immediately report to your immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to a higher manager about the accident that has occurred and about all violations of the requirements of the Instruction that he has noticed, as well as about malfunctions of structures, equipment and protective devices;
be aware of personal responsibility for non-compliance with safety requirements;
keep the workplace and equipment clean and tidy;
ensure the safety of protective equipment, tools, devices, fire extinguishing equipment and documentation on labor protection at their workplace.
It is forbidden to carry out orders that contradict the requirements of this Instruction and the "Safety Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations" (PTB) - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1987.

2. General safety requirements

2.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have passed a preliminary medical examination and who have no contraindications to perform the above work are allowed to work in this working profession.

2.2. A worker must undergo an introductory briefing upon hiring. Prior to being allowed to work independently, a worker must pass:

initial briefing at the workplace;
checking knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection; Instructions for providing first aid to those injured in connection with accidents during the maintenance of power equipment; on the use of protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of work; PTB for workers who have the right to prepare a workplace, carry out admission, be a foreman, observer and member of the team to the extent that corresponds to the duties of responsible PTB persons;
vocational training programs.

2.3. Admission to independent work should be issued by an appropriate order for the structural unit of the enterprise.

2.4. A newly hired worker is issued a qualification certificate, in which an appropriate entry must be made about checking knowledge of the instructions and rules specified in clause 2.2, and the right to perform special work.

The qualification certificate for on-duty personnel during the performance of official duties may be kept by the shop shift supervisor or with him in accordance with local conditions.

2.5. Workers who have not passed the knowledge test within the established time limits are not allowed to work independently.

2.6. The worker in the process of work must pass:

repeated briefings - at least once a quarter;
verification of knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection and the current Instructions for providing first aid to victims in connection with accidents during the maintenance of power equipment once a year;
medical examination - once every two years;
checking knowledge on PTB for workers who have the right to prepare a workplace, carry out admission, be a foreman, supervisor or team member - once a year.

2.7. Persons who have received an unsatisfactory mark during the qualification test are not allowed to work independently and must undergo a second test no later than one month.

In case of violation of safety regulations, depending on the nature of the violations, an unscheduled briefing or an extraordinary knowledge test is carried out.

2.8. In the event of an accident, the worker is obliged to provide first aid to the victim before the arrival of medical personnel. In case of an accident with the worker himself, depending on the severity of the injury, he must seek medical help at a health center or provide first aid (self-help) to himself.

2.9. Each employee must know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it.

2.10. If faulty devices, tools and protective equipment are found, the worker must inform his immediate supervisor.

It is forbidden to work with faulty devices, tools and protective equipment.

2.11. To avoid electric shock, do not step on or touch broken, hanging wires.

2.12. Failure to comply with the requirements of the Instruction on labor protection for a worker is considered as a violation of production discipline.

For violation of the requirements of the instructions, the worker is liable in accordance with applicable law.

2.13. In the service area of the boiler operator's equipment, the following hazardous and harmful production factors may occur: rotating and moving machines and mechanisms, increased dust and gas contamination of the air in the working area, increased or decreased air temperature in the working area, increased thermal radiation (when servicing the boiler tap hole), increased noise level in the workplace.

2.14. To protect against exposure to hazardous and harmful factors, it is necessary to use appropriate protective equipment.

When servicing rotating machinery, there should be no flying parts of clothing that can be caught in the moving parts of the machinery.

If it is necessary to be near hot parts of the equipment, measures should be taken to protect against burns and high temperatures (equipment fencing, ventilation, warm overalls).

When performing work in areas with air temperatures above 33°C, air-spraying installations must be installed.

Work in areas with low ambient temperature should be carried out in warm overalls and alternated in time with being warm.

With an increased noise level, it is necessary to use anti-noise protective equipment (headphones, ear plugs, etc.).

In case of increased dust content in the air of the working area, it is necessary to work in an anti-dust respirator ("Lepestok", F-62Sh, U-2K, "Astra-2", RP-KM, etc.).

In case of increased thermal radiation, it is necessary to work in a suit with flame retardant impregnation, a protective helmet with a cape, protective goggles and canvas gloves.

When staying in rooms with operating technological equipment (with the exception of control panels), it is necessary to wear a protective helmet to protect the head from being hit by random objects.

2.15. The boiler operator must work in overalls and use protective equipment issued in accordance with current industry standards.

2.16. The following personal protective equipment is issued to the boiler operator free of charge in accordance with industry standards.

When performing work in a boiler house operating on mineral fuel with mechanical loading and on liquid fuel:

cotton suit (for 12 months);
combined mittens (for 2 months);
goggles (before wear).

When performing work in a solid fuel boiler house with manual loading:

cotton overalls with flame retardant impregnation (for 12 months);
leather boots (for 12 months);
canvas mittens (for 1 month);
goggles (before wear).

When performing work on washing condensers and pits:

cotton suit (for 12 months);
rubber boots (for 12 months);
mittens combined (for 3 months).

When issuing a double replaceable set of overalls, the wear period is doubled.

Depending on the nature of the work and the conditions of their production, the boiler shop operator is temporarily issued additional overalls and protective equipment for these conditions free of charge.

3. Safety requirements before starting work

3.1. Before accepting a shift, the boiler room operator must:

arrange the uniform. Sleeves and floors of overalls should be fastened with all buttons, hair should be removed under a helmet. Clothing must be tucked in so that there are no hanging ends or fluttering parts. Shoes should be closed and low heels. It is forbidden to roll up the sleeves of overalls;
make a bypass of the serviced equipment along a certain route, check the safe condition of the equipment, fences, rotating mechanisms, platforms, flights of stairs, the presence of numbers on the equipment and pipeline fittings;
check at the workplace the availability and serviceability of duty overalls and other protective equipment, tools and devices and their compliance with the expiration date, as well as the presence of an electric lamp, fire extinguishing equipment, posters or safety signs;
check in the service area for the absence of unauthorized personnel (without accompanying persons) and unnecessary objects blocking passages and driveways, spilled liquid fuel and oil, fistulas, emissions of fuel, hot water, steam, ash, slag;
check the sufficiency of illumination of the working area and on the equipment being serviced (no burnt out lamps);
verify personally and through subordinate personnel about all ongoing repair work on orders and instructions on the equipment being serviced, as well as their registration;
report to the superior duty officer on all identified comments and obtain permission to accept the shift.

3.2. It is forbidden:

test the equipment before accepting the shift;
come to work in a state of intoxication or drink alcohol during working hours;
leave the shift without registering the acceptance and delivery of the shift.

4. Safety requirements during work

4.1. Bypasses and inspections of the equipment, the admission of repair personnel to the equipment, as well as the performance of current work by the boiler operator must be carried out with the knowledge and permission of the higher duty personnel.

When inspecting the furnace through the hatches, the boiler room operator must use protective equipment: a protective helmet with a cape, goggles and gloves.

4.2. It is prohibited during inspection and detour:

carry out any equipment switching, blowing, ash descent and other operations that create a danger to inspection;
jump over or climb over pipelines (to shorten the route). Passing through pipelines should only be in places where there are crossing bridges;
move in an unlit area without a flashlight;
Clean fixtures and replace burnt out bulbs.
in case of insufficient illumination of the workplace and the equipment being serviced due to the burnout of the lamps, the boiler room operator must call the electrician on duty, and use an electric lantern before he arrives;
lean and stand on platform barriers, railings, protective covers of couplings and bearings, walk along pipelines, as well as structures and ceilings that are not intended for passage through them and do not have special handrails and fences;
to be without production necessity on the sites of the units, near manholes, manholes, water-indicating columns, as well as near shut-off and safety valves and flanged connections of pipelines under pressure;
to start mechanisms in the absence or in a faulty state of enclosing devices, as well as to clean near the working mechanisms;
remove protective guards from couplings and shafts, from rotating mechanisms;
to clean near mechanisms without protective fences or with poorly fixed fences;
clean, wipe and lubricate rotating or moving parts of mechanisms, stick your hands behind the fence.

4.3. When starting rotating machinery, keep a safe distance from them.

4.4. When pouring water on the control keys, they should be operated with dielectric gloves.

4.5. It is forbidden to put on, remove and adjust drive belts on the go, to stop manually rotating and moving mechanisms.

4.6. At a working dust preparation plant, it is not allowed to open hatches and manholes, as well as carry out work related to the violation of the tightness of the dust-gas-air path (replacing the diaphragms of explosive safety valves, etc.) on the elements of the system with a dust-gas-air mixture. The exception is the cleaning of screens under cyclones and separators when the design of the screens ensures the safety of these works.

4.7. In order to avoid explosions and fires, accumulation of gas and dust is not allowed in the premises of a boiler house operating on gaseous fuels, a dust preparation plant. The boiler operator is obliged to periodically check places that are dangerous in relation to gas contamination for gas contamination, remove dust from all parts of equipment, building structures and pipelines. About all cases of detection of gas in the air of the boiler room, immediately notify the head of the workshop, the person responsible for the safe operation of the gas facilities.

4.8. Pushing stuck fuel in the bunker should be done mechanically or manually with special peaks from the above bunker gallery. It is forbidden to go down into the bunker to push the fuel.

4.9. It is forbidden to sweep away or extinguish a smoldering source of dust in the room or inside the equipment with a jet of water, a fire extinguisher, or in any other way that could cause dust to swirl and further spread of fire. An open smoldering hearth should be extinguished with sand or water spray.

4.10. Manual blowing of the heating surfaces of the boiler must be carried out by the boiler operator wearing goggles, canvas gloves and a protective helmet.

When opening the hatch towards yourself, the boiler room operator must stand away from it.

When blowing the boiler with a steam-water mixture, the boiler operator must not open hatches and peepers on the blown side of the furnace.

4.11. When purging the lower points of the boilers, first the first valve along the medium to be purged should be fully opened, then gradually the second. At the end of the purge, you must first close the second valve along the way, and then the first one. It is forbidden to purge low points with faulty valves. During the production of blowdowns, the boiler room operator must use gloves and noise-protective headphones or earplugs.

4.12. When performing shoving work or when inspecting the boiler furnace, the boiler operator should not stand in front of open peepers, inspection and skimming hatches. The boiler room operator must carry out these works in protective goggles, a protective helmet with a cape and canvas gloves. Pants must be worn over boots (out). It is forbidden to tuck the edges of the protective helmet.

When opening and closing the hatches, the boiler room operator must stand away from them. The hatches should be opened only after the permission of the boiler operator.

4.13. It is forbidden to stand in front of open inspection hatches during the descent of ash or slag.

4.14. The boiler operator must carry out the deslagging of the boiler under the direct supervision of the senior operator of the boiler shop or the shift supervisor, taking into account the instructions received before starting work.

4.15. Knocking down slag should be done only with special peaks. At the peak of churning, there should be a tip welded into the pipe to prevent slag from running down the pipe. It is forbidden to knock down slag with a pipe open at both ends.

Spades should be stored in a horizontal position.

4.16. Boiler deslagging work must be carried out by the boiler operator in a suit with fire-retardant impregnation, a protective helmet with a cape, protective goggles, and canvas gloves. Pants must be worn over boots (outlet), jacket sleeves tied over mittens.

4.17. When knocking down slag, you should stand away from the hatch, holding the peak at the fly. When working, it is forbidden to rest against the pike. Before starting work on cleaning and deslagging the boiler, it is necessary to first fill the slag with water.

4.18. When churning slag, it is necessary to be especially attentive to the falling out of broken pieces of slag through the skimmer hatch, as well as the fall of large pieces of slag into the cold funnel of the boiler, followed by the release of hot water and steam through the water seal, and ash and flue gases ¾ through the hatch.

4.19. When deslagging the taphole of the boiler using a pike, it is necessary to be wary of a sudden collapse of large blocks of slag with a sharp blow to the working end of the pike and possible knocking it out of the hands of the worker and injuring him with the opposite end.

4.20. When opening and closing the valve, do not use levers that extend the shoulder of the handle or flywheel, which are not provided for in the instruction manual for the valve.

When closing and opening the valve, be careful not to break the device used from the valve handwheel.

4.21. Filling the gas pipelines of the boiler with gas must be carried out with the exhaust fans switched on, the recirculation exhaust fans in the sequence specified in the operating instructions for the boiler installation.

4.22. It is forbidden to tighten flange connections at excess pressure above 0,5 MPa (5 kgf/cm2). When tightening the bolted connections of flanges and hatches, the lineman is located on the opposite side of the possible ejection of a jet of water, steam or gas-air medium in case of thread breakage. Bolts should be tightened from diametrically opposite sides.

4.23. In order to avoid injuries, it is forbidden to climb over running conveyors, pass various objects through them, and also crawl under them or pass under them in places that are not protected and not intended for passage. Passing through the conveyors should be only on the transitional bridges.

4.24. When walking on inclined overpasses and stairs, you should not rush, do not step on the accumulation of water, dirt, oils.

When descending stairs with a large angle of inclination, go down facing the steps.

4.25. It is forbidden to supply fuel with combustion sources to fuel supply belt conveyors, as well as to the raw fuel bunker of the main building.

4.26. Sweeping or extinguishing a smoldering hearth in a room or inside equipment with a jet of water, a fire extinguisher, or in any other way that can cause dust to swirl is prohibited. An open smoldering hearth should be extinguished with sand or water spray.

4.27. When fuel is supplied, all dust removal means located in the fuel supply path must operate. The start and stop of dust removal installations must be interlocked with the start and stop of the conveyor.

4.28. Before each start of the fuel supply mechanisms, a long signal must be given and announced by radio about the start of a particular mechanism or equipment. The signal must be heard at all places in the fuel supply path where personnel may be present.

4.29. Before repairing, cleaning, lubricating and eliminating belt slippage, the conveyor must be stopped, the electrical circuit disassembled, and safety signs "Do not turn on - people work" are posted on the keys of the board.

4.30. It is necessary to pierce the fuel stuck in the chute only through the screw hatches when the conveyors above the chute are stopped. Cleaning of rollers, drums, drive and tension stations from coal, cleaning of coal from under conveyor belts and drums is carried out using a tool (shovel, scraper, skimmer), standing outside the fence.

4.31. Hanging separators should be cleaned only with gloves on, the conveyor stopped and the voltage removed from the conveyor motor.

4.32. If a malfunction of the equipment that threatens people's health is detected, take measures to immediately stop the equipment, which should be reported to the higher duty personnel.

4.33. It is forbidden to visit gas hazardous premises without preliminary air analysis in it. The oxygen content of the sample must be at least 20% by volume. With a lower oxygen content, it is possible to suffocate personnel and create an explosive concentration of gas. The presence of gas must be determined using an explosion-proof gas analyzer.

If a gas contamination of the room is detected, it is possible to enter it only after ventilation and re-checking it for the absence of gas. If as a result of ventilation it is not possible to remove the gas, then it is allowed to enter and work in a gas-hazardous room only with the use of gas rescue equipment (hose gas masks, rescue belts, ropes). At the same time, two people should be outside the room and monitor the condition of the working and air intake pipe of the gas mask.

4.34. It is forbidden to search for leaks of combustible gas with an open fire. This can lead to an explosion in places where gas accumulates. Finding gas leaks is done using a leak detector or soap emulsion.

4.35. It is forbidden to descend into underground structures, reservoirs or pipelines in the presence of water with a temperature of 45°C or more. At water temperatures below 45°C, the water level must not exceed 200 mm.

4.36. It is forbidden to descend into steamed underground structures without a hose gas mask, a rescue belt and a signal-rescue rope.

4.37. It is forbidden to work in tanks, channels, wells without prior ventilation and air analysis for the presence of harmful substances.

4.38. The admission of maintenance personnel must be carried out directly on the equipment. At the same time, the reliability of its shutdown, dehydration (desparation) and the protection of the danger zone are checked. It is forbidden to carry out admission on control panels or in offices.

5. Safety requirements at the end of work

5.1. At the end of the shift, the boiler room operator must:

complete all work on switching equipment, current work, inspections and detours (with the exception of emergency cases) to transfer the shift to the shift;
remove the workplace and fixed equipment. In order to avoid fire or explosion, it is forbidden to use flammable and combustible substances (kerosene, gasoline, acetone, etc.) when cleaning.
It is forbidden to wind the cleaning material around the hand or fingers when wiping the outer surface of the working mechanisms;
inform the receiving shift about the mode of operation of the equipment and its condition, about all the comments and malfunctions that occurred during the shift, where and in what composition the teams work on the equipment according to orders and instructions;
report on the delivery of the shift to the higher duty personnel and draw up operational documentation.

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