Labor protection instruction for a digger

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection for a digger. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Introduction

This industry standard instruction has been developed taking into account the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing state labor protection requirements specified in the "General Safety Requirements" section of this document and is intended for diggers when manually excavating soil in excavations (pits, trenches, wells) with a device fixing their walls, according to their profession and qualifications.

General safety requirements

1. Excavators who have undergone appropriate training, have professional skills and do not have contraindications by age and gender for the work performed, before being allowed to work independently, must undergo:

mandatory preliminary (when applying for a job) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations (examinations) for recognition as fit for work in the manner established by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, briefing on labor protection, and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.

2. Excavators are obliged to comply with the requirements of this instruction, as well as the requirements of the manufacturers' instructions for the operation of the protective equipment, tools and equipment used to ensure protection from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors associated with the nature of the work:

collapsing rocks (soils);
falling objects (pieces of rock);
moving machines, their working bodies, as well as objects moved by them;
location of the workplace near a height difference of 1 m or more;
increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can pass through the human body.

3. To protect against general industrial pollution and mechanical impacts, diggers must use the following provided by employers free of charge, depending on the working conditions: a cotton suit or a canvas suit (when working on tunneling), leather boots with a hard toe cap or rubber boots, combined mittens, insulated suit and boots in winter.

In addition, when mining frozen and rocky rocks with jackhammers, excavators must use anti-vibration gloves, and goggles to protect their eyes.

Excavators must wear safety helmets while on site.

4. Being on the territory of a construction (production) site, in production and amenity premises, work sites and workplaces, excavators are obliged to comply with the internal labor regulations adopted in this organization.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as employees in a state of intoxication to these places is prohibited.

5. In the course of their daily activities, diggers must:

apply protective equipment, tools and equipment for their intended purpose, in accordance with the instructions of manufacturers;
maintain order in the workplace, do not violate the rules for the performance of work;
be careful during work and avoid violations of labor safety requirements.

6. Diggers are obliged to immediately notify their immediate or higher supervisor of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about each accident that occurred at work, or about the deterioration of their health, including the appearance of an acute occupational disease (poisoning).

Safety requirements before starting work

7. Before starting work, diggers must:

a) put on overalls, special footwear and a helmet of the established sample;

b) receive an assignment and be instructed at the workplace, taking into account labor safety, based on the specifics of the work performed.

8. After receiving the task from the foreman or work manager, the excavators are obliged:

a) check the workplace and approaches to it for compliance with safety requirements;

b) select personal protective equipment, technological equipment, tools necessary for the performance of work, and check their compliance with safety requirements;

c) make sure that there is no danger zone at the workplace from a load moved by a crane or a working excavator;

d) when working in excavations, check the stability of the slopes of the soil or fastenings of the walls of the excavations;

e) make sure that there are no underground communications and structures in the pit that are not indicated by the head of the work.

9. Diggers should not start work in case of the following violations of safety requirements:

a) malfunctions of technological equipment and tools specified in the instructions of manufacturers in which their use is not allowed;

b) insufficient illumination of workplaces and approaches to them;

c) finding a workplace or approaches to it within the danger zone from the cargo moved by a crane or higher-lying workplaces of other diggers;

d) the absence of excavation fencing, as well as the instability of the soil slopes or fastenings of the excavation walls, the presence of boulders, blocks, stones exposed on the slopes in an unstable state;

e) the presence in the work area of underground utilities and structures not specified by the work manager.

Detected violations of labor safety requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, diggers must immediately report them to the foreman or work manager.

Safety requirements during work

10. The development of soil in the buffer zone of underground utilities should be carried out by special measures for permission to work in the presence of a representative of the organization operating the communications.

In this case, it is not allowed to use an impact tool (crowbar, picks, jackhammers) for loosening the soil closer than 0,25 m from the communications.

11. Climbing, descending to workplaces in recesses and trenches should be carried out using special ladders or mid-flight stairs with a width of at least 0,6 m with railings or ladders.

Excavations must be protected by protective fences.

12. The development of soil in excavations should be carried out in layers.

It is not allowed to carry out these works by "undermining", with the formation of "visors". In the event of the formation of "visors" due to the collapse of the soil, excavators are required to take measures to ensure the stability of the soil.

13. When cleaning the bottom of the excavation after the operation of the excavator, excavators must be at a distance of at least 10 m from the place of action of its bucket.

The bucket should only be cleaned of adhering soil when the bucket is in the lowered position.

14. Excavators are obliged to develop soil in excavations with the installation of appropriate slopes or fastenings of their walls provided for by the technological map.

The development of soil in excavations with vertical walls without fastenings is allowed to a depth of not more than m:

1 m - in bulk sandy and coarse-grained soils;
1,25 m - in sandy loam;
1,5 m - in loams and clays.

15. Placement of workplaces in excavations with slopes without fastenings in non-rocky soils above the groundwater level or in soils drained by artificial dewatering is allowed with the excavation depth and slope steepness according to table 1.

Table 1. Permissible slope angles of excavations in non-rocky soils

1.16. The admission of diggers to excavations subjected to moisture is allowed only after the head of the work has examined the state of the soil of the slopes and the collapse of unstable soil in places where "visors" or cracks (delaminations) were found, and, if necessary, additional unfastening.

17. The design of the fastening of the vertical walls of excavations up to 3 m deep should be carried out, as a rule, according to standard designs with the following requirements:

a) the upper part of the fastening must be at least 0,15 m above the edge of the excavation;

b) fastening posts should be installed at least every 1,5 m;

c) fastening spacers should be placed one above the other vertically at a distance of no more than 1 m, fixing bosses should be fixed to the ends of the spacers (top and bottom);

d) in soils of natural moisture, except for sandy ones, the thickness of the boards should be at least 4 cm, and the gaps between the boards - no more than 0 m. In soils of high humidity and in loose soils, boards with a thickness of at least 15 cm should be placed without gaps;

e) in the event of the formation of fallouts or soil collapse, this place should be covered with soil after installation of the fastening.

18. With a strong influx of groundwater or saturated eroding soils, artificial dewatering or sheet piling should be arranged. The sheet pile should be driven into permeable soil to a depth specified in the fastening passport, but not less than 0 m.

19. When extracting soil from excavations using buckets or other containers, protective canopies should be arranged in the recesses to shelter workers during the ascent or descent of the buckets.

20. Diggers should dismantle the fastenings of the walls of the excavations in the direction from the bottom up as underground structures are erected or communications are laid and the excavation is backfilled with soil.

In soils of natural moisture, simultaneous removal of fasteners by no more than 0,5 m (three boards) in height is allowed, and in soils of high humidity and loose soils, not more than 0,2 m (one board).

In cases where the dismantling of fasteners can lead to deformation of existing buildings and structures, the fastening should be partially or completely left in the ground.

21. When developing soil in winter, diggers must comply with the following requirements:

a) during mechanical loosening of frozen soil (wedge-hammer, ball-hammer), diggers should be within a radius of at least 20 m from the place of loosening;

b) if it is necessary to perform work on electrical heating of frozen soil, workers are not allowed to stay in areas of the heated area that are under voltage. At the same time, it is allowed to approach at a distance of at least 3 m from the contour of the heated area, which must be fenced, warning notices and signals are posted, and in the dark - signal lighting;

c) the development of soil on the site, using electrical heating, is allowed only after the removal of electrical voltage and the release of the site from the wires;

d) excavation in excavations without fastenings is allowed only to the level of soil freezing (no more than 0,5 m), while the condition of the walls must be constantly monitored. The development of soil in excavations below the specified level is allowed only with the installation of wall fasteners.

22. The development of soil in the fall wells is allowed if the following safety requirements are met:

a) perform work only under the direct supervision of the foreman or foreman;

b) under the knife of the sinking well, excavation should be carried out only manually. It is not allowed to develop the soil more than 1 m below the edge of the sinking well knife, while the procedure for developing the soil and removing linings from under the knife must ensure its uniform and symmetrical subsidence;

c) lifting and lowering of diggers from the descent well is allowed only on hinged ladders installed inside the well (at least two);

d) when moving soil in buckets or with a grab using a crane, diggers must be under a protective visor installed around the entire perimeter of the well, on the opposite side from the place where the pound is moved, and the movement of the bucket should be carried out along special guides;

e) if it is necessary to use a signalman at the well, he must be located on a platform with a fence installed outside the grab operation area.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

23. In case of detection during the production of underground utilities or explosive materials not indicated by the work manager or foreman, the excavation should be stopped and exit the danger zone, informing the work manager. You can start work only after obtaining the appropriate permit.

24. If there are cuts in the slopes, signs of shifting or slipping of the soil, excavators should immediately stop the work and leave the danger zone before taking measures to ensure the stability of the slopes.

Safety requirements at the end of work

25. At the end of the working day, diggers must:

a) inspect the condition of the walls of the recesses and, in case of instability of the slopes, take the necessary measures to secure them;

b) clear the excavation berm from the developed soil;

c) make sure that there are no clods, blocks of soil on the slopes, if they are found, they should be removed;

d) clean the tools, equipment and other devices used in the process of completing the task from the soil and put it in the designated place;

e) clean overalls, footwear and other personal protective equipment and put them in the place intended for their storage;

f) if work in the well or pit is not completed, close or protect them, turn on signal lighting at night;

g) report all shortcomings or malfunctions during the performance of work to the foreman or work manager.

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