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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection during climbing work using the methods of industrial mountaineering. Full Document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. The method of industrial mountaineering is used in the production of climbing works for access (approach) to the place of work on building structures, buildings, structures or to perform the work itself, when it is impossible or impractical to use stairs, fences, scaffolding, scaffolding and other stationary means, as well as in combination with these means in cases where additional protection against falling from a height is necessary. In the method of industrial mountaineering, climbing equipment and climbing methods of belaying are used. 1.2. Workers performing steeplejack work using the method of industrial mountaineering must, in addition to the requirements of this instruction, comply with the safety requirements set forth in the labor protection instructions for specific types of work performed (professions, positions). 1.3. Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been trained in safe methods and techniques of work, who have passed the knowledge of labor protection requirements for this type of work and who have certificates of the established form, who have passed a medical examination and are recognized as fit, who have at least 1 year of experience in climbing works carried out by the method of industrial mountaineering, and the tariff category for the work (profession) not less than third. Workers admitted to climbing for the first time must work for one year under the direct supervision of experienced workers appointed by order of the organization. 1.4. Climbing work carried out by the method of industrial mountaineering, regardless of the type of work performed (profession), is carried out only if there is a work permit, which indicates all the necessary safety measures. 1.5. Climbing works by the method of industrial mountaineering are not performed (and stop if they were started earlier) under the following adverse weather conditions:
The temperature range in which steeplejacking is allowed is set by the management of the enterprise, taking into account local climatic conditions and the nature of the work performed. 1.6. The production of climbing works by the method of industrial mountaineering is allowed by a team (link) of at least 2 people. All members of the team (link) performing work together must be within visual and voice communication, and otherwise, have radio communication. 1.7. All employees must know the rules for providing first aid to the victim, have an individual dressing bag and a brigade first aid kit - directly at the work site. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. The person responsible for the safe performance of work before starting work must:
The anchorage points for safety ropes for one worker must withstand a load of at least 1000 kgf. 2.2. The choice of an insurance scheme is determined by the requirement to ensure the minimum possible vertical and pendulum (lateral) falls of workers in the event of a breakdown, and in all cases, the load on the body of a broken worker should not exceed 600 kgf. 2.3. The selected scheme of insurance and work procedure should exclude the possibility of employees being on top of each other in the process of work and on approaches to workplaces. 2.4. The foreman (senior link), together with the employees involved in the work, must:
3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. The main means of ensuring safety during work carried out by the method of industrial mountaineering are:
Requirements for the listed insurance funds: 3.1.1. ISS for industrial mountaineering should have a chest harness and a gazebo, ensuring the distribution of the load on the worker's body, namely, on the chest (back), lower back and hips. In addition, it is possible to include in the composition of the ISS one or two lanyards, a shock absorber that reduces the dynamic load during a fall, as well as a seat (seat harness), which facilitates a long stay in a hanging position when working in an unsupported space. 3.1.1.1. It is allowed to use a separate design of the ISS - a gazebo and a chest harness connected to each other, as well as a single ISS - a gazebo and a chest harness are connected in a factory way. 3.1.1.2. The ISS must withstand a load of at least 1000 kgf (the load application scheme is indicated in the ISS passport or the manufacturer's technical specifications). 3.1.1.3. Parts of a separate ISS are interconnected using a segment of a climbing rope with a diameter of at least 9 mm using knots that exclude self-untying. 3.1.1.4. ISS should be made of tapes based on synthetic fibers that are not subject to decay. The stitching threads of the tapes must be of the same material. In this case, the colors of ribbons and threads should be different. 3.1.1.5. The width of the belts on which the worker's body rests (belt, chest, back and femoral) must be at least 40 mm. 3.1.1.6. The design of the ISS should provide for the possibility of fitting all its parts to the size of the worker's body so that it fits snugly against the body, but does not interfere with free breathing and does not restrict movement. 3.1.1.7. During operation, the ISS should be inspected daily before starting work and rejected if there are damage to locks, buckles, tearing of tapes and rupture of threads in the seams. In the absence of damage, the service life of the ISS is determined by the manufacturer's specifications. 3.1.2. As the main ones, i.e. safety, ropes used both for protection against a breakdown and for holding a worker in a hanging position when working in an unsupported space, it is allowed to use climbing, safety or rescue ropes, which consist of a core (synthetic fibers of a rope lay that bears a load) and a sheath that protects the core from damage. The use of rope lay ropes without sheathing is prohibited. 3.1.2.1. The breaking load of the rope used for insurance must be at least 2000 kgf. 3.1.2.2. Ropes intended for use as safety ropes must have a manufacturer's passport, which must indicate the technical characteristics of the rope and the date of its manufacture. 3.1.2.3. For each segment (end) of the rope used for work, a form must be entered in the prescribed form, which indicates the assigned conditional number, type of rope (dynamic or static), diameter, date of commissioning and marks the running time of the rope according to the calendar and in hours. 3.1.2.4. Before putting into operation, the segments (ends) of the rope must be provided with a label (mark) indicating the assigned conditional number according to the form. 3.1.2.5. The service life of the main rope from the moment it is put into operation, if it is not specified in the passport, in the absence of mechanical damage and physical pollution, should not exceed 2 years. 3.1.2.6. Before putting into operation, as well as before starting work, the ropes should be inspected and rejected if there is damage to the sheath or a visually determined uneven diameter. 3.1.3. Safety loops made from sections of the main rope are used as intermediate links for connecting safety ropes to support points. In terms of design, strength characteristics and control during operation, the same requirements are imposed on them as on the main ropes. 3.1.3.1. Tying loops and securing the main rope to the fulcrum is only allowed with the help of knots that exclude self-loosening. 3.1.3.2. The connection of both loaded and unloaded safety rope with a loop is only allowed through a carabiner with a socket. It is forbidden to tie the rope to the loop or pass it under the loop. 3.1.4. Loops for grasping knots (self-protection loops) must be made from a cord similar in design and material to the main rope or from a tubular tape made of synthetic fibers. 3.1.4.1. The breaking strength of the cord or tubular tape for grasping knots must be at least 700 kgf. 3.1.4.2. The connection of the ends of the cord into a loop must be made using knots that exclude self-untying ("oncoming", "grapevine"). It is also possible to use ready-made loops (with spliced ends) made of armid fiber, used in sets of rescue equipment. 3.1.4.3. Control over the condition of the loops for grasping knots is carried out daily before starting work, similarly to the control over the condition of the carrying and safety ropes, but the maximum life of the loops should not exceed 6 months, with the exception of loops made of armid fiber. 3.1.5. Climbing carabiners used in industrial mountaineering serve as connecting links for elements of a safety chain *, as well as technological suspensions, braces, etc. Carabiners must have a manufacturer's passport, which indicates their purpose and strength characteristics. 3.1.5.1. Carabiners used for belaying must have safety (locking) devices that prevent their accidental opening; the safety device must open with at least two independent movements. 3.1.5.2. Carabiners intended for belaying must withstand, with the safety device closed, a load applied along the long axis - at least 2200 kgf and in the transverse direction - at least 700 kgf. 3.1.5.3. During operation, carabiners should be inspected daily before starting work and rejected if:
3.1.5.4. The service life of carbines that do not have damage is not limited. * Under the safety chain is meant the totality of all elements connecting the body of the worker with the fulcrum. 3.1.6. Descending (braking) devices designed for the worker to descend on the ropes independently can also be used to lower loads manually using ropes. The trigger (brake) device must have a manufacturer's passport, which indicates its purpose, characteristics and scope. 3.1.6.1. Descenders designed for both single and double ropes are allowed. 3.1.6.2. The descender (brake) device must ensure the smooth passage of the rope through it without damage. 3.1.6.3. The design of the descender (brake) device should provide for the possibility of fixing the free ends of the ropes so as to ensure a stop at the required level, without holding the ends in the hands of the worker. 3.1.6.4. As a means of self-insurance, only those descending (braking) devices that provide automatic braking when the regulating end (ends) of the rope fall out of the worker's hands can be used. 3.1.6.5. During operation, all trigger (brake) devices must be checked daily before starting work and rejected if:
Descending (braking) devices without significant damage, but which, due to wear and tear, require excessive tension on the free end (s) of the rope, are also withdrawn from service. 3.1.7. Clamps are used in works carried out by the method of industrial mountaineering, for lifting and securing an employee on a rope (ropes). For self-insurance, only those clamps can be used, the use of which for this purpose is recommended by the manufacturer, and only in strict accordance with the instructions for use. 3.1.7.1. The clamp must have a manufacturer's passport, which must indicate its purpose, allowable loads and scope. 3.1.7.2. During operation, clamps of all types should be inspected daily before starting work and are rejected if:
3.1.7.3. Clamps that are not designed for self-belaying may only be used to move a worker on ropes with additional belaying, for example, using a grappling knot. 3.2. In addition to the basic safety equipment, the requirements for which are set out above, when using the rope method of insurance, auxiliary equipment is used to reduce the load on the worker's body and improve working conditions:
3.2.1. Shock absorbers are used to reduce the load on the worker's body during a fall. When climbing works carried out by the method of industrial mountaineering, it is allowed to use only those shock absorbers, the strength of which in the state of full disclosure is not less than 1000 kgf. 3.2.2. Work seats and ladders are used only for the convenience of the employee as an additional support for the body or legs, they are not safety equipment and the requirements for them are not regulated by regulatory materials. 3.3. In addition to the means of insurance that protect the employee from falling from a height, he is obliged to use protective equipment appropriate for the work performed, in accordance with the requirements of labor protection instructions for specific professions. 3.4. When performing climbing work carried out by industrial mountaineering, each employee is required to have a backup kit with him, which includes:
3.5. In industrial mountaineering, various methods of employee insurance are used, the choice of which and their combination is determined by the characteristics of the object and the nature of the work performed. 3.5.1. Self-insurance is an independent way for an employee to ensure the safety of his movement and protection from a breakdown in the workplace. Self-belaying is used in cases where it is possible to move and fasten on pre-fixed ropes or directly on the structures of the object, using alternately self-belaying slings with carabiners attached to the worker's ISS. 3.5.2. Partner insurance - when a moving worker fixes the end of the safety rope on his ISS, and the second worker, securely fastened with a self-belay, gives him a safety rope as he advances and holds it in case of a breakdown. 3.5.3. The issuance of the rope when belaying a partner is carried out through a braking device or through structural elements that provide the necessary friction to manually hold a moving worker in case of a breakdown. The worker dispensing the safety rope must wear gloves to protect his hands from burns when the rope is etched. 3.5.4. The structural elements through which a safety rope is issued or a braking device is attached are required to withstand a load of 1200 kgf. 3.5.5. The insurance can be upper and lower - depending on the location of the fulcrum of the safety rope during a fall in relation to the point of its attachment to the worker's ISS. Belay arrangements should ensure maximum use of the top belay. The use of the lower belay is allowed only if it is impossible to carry out the upper belay, for example, when moving to the place where the safety ropes are fixed to organize the upper belay. 3.5.6. When lifting a worker traveling with a lower harness more than 1,3 m above the fulcrum of the safety rope, measures must be taken to reduce the load on the body of the worker in the event of a fall. Such measures may include:
3.5.7. To reduce the depth of a possible fall during a fall while a worker with a lower insurance is moving, he must use safety loops and carabiners to make intermediate points of support for the safety rope. The removal of the worker from the last intermediate point of support should not exceed 5 m. 3.5.8. When moving along a horizontally fixed rope (rope railing), as well as along horizontal steel safety ropes, it is allowed to fasten to them with a sliding carabiner attached to the worker's ISS through a self-protection sling. When moving along an inclined railing, rope or cable, a grasping knot or clamp of an appropriate design should be used. At the same time, fastening with a sliding carabiner is prohibited. 3.5.9. The fixing points of horizontal or slightly inclined (up to 200) railings must be designed for a load of up to 1200 kgf - for rope and 5000 kgf - for cable. The distance between the support points of the railing should not exceed 12 m. Both types of horizontal and slightly inclined railings can only be tensioned manually, without the use of any means that increase the tension force. 3.5.10. Only one worker can be on one span of single railings. If it is necessary to ensure the simultaneous presence of several workers in the railing area, an appropriate number of independently fixed railings must be equipped. 3.5.11. Attaching safety ropes to the railing (both rope and cable) is prohibited. 3.5.12. In the production of steeplejack works by industrial mountaineering, two independent safety chains must be provided for each employee, if during movement and work the safety chain is fully or partially loaded with the weight of the worker. The use of a single rope is allowed only when the worker moves and performs technological operations, leaning on the roof or structures of the facility, without loading the rope. 3.6. Equipment and tools used during work must be secured against falling. Items weighing up to 10 kg can be attached with auxiliary ropes or cords to the worker's ISS or to the harness. Items with a larger mass are recommended to be hung on a separate auxiliary rope. Small tools should fit into the tool bag. Putting the instrument in the pockets of clothing or placing it behind the elements of the ISS is prohibited. Work gloves and other protective equipment that an employee may take off during work or movement must also be insured against falling. 3.7. Materials and products moved during operation in areas where they are likely to fall must be insured against this. 3.8. When carrying out insurance with ropes, it is forbidden to perform hot work and use cutting electric, pneumatic, or gasoline tools. If it is necessary to carry out such work in places accessible only for the rope method, belay with ropes is used only for movement to the place of technological operations, and during their execution, self-belay with a chain sling or independent belay with a steel cable (or a combination of both) is used. Safety ropes are removed from the danger zone for the duration of the work. 3.9. In the production of steeplejack works by industrial mountaineering, smoking is prohibited. 4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations Emergency situations directly related to the production of climbing works by the method of industrial mountaineering include:
4.1. When approaching a thunderstorm, rain, snowfall, wind intensification up to a speed of 15 m/s, it is necessary:
4.2. When a worker hangs on the gripping knot in case of its excessive tightening or when the trigger device is jammed (due to foreign objects, clothing or equipment getting into it), the worker must unload the tightened knot or jammed device. To do this, you can use the reserve loop to tie a second grappling knot on a loaded rope, using the loop as a support for the leg. If the worker has a clamp with a ladder, you can use them for a similar purpose. A loop for support can also be tied at the lower free end of the loaded rope. If it is necessary to quickly evacuate with the help of a reserve loop, a new grasping knot is tied for self-insurance, and the sling of the tightened knot is cut with a knife. 4.3. If the safety rope is damaged, the actions of the worker are determined by the location and nature of the damage. 4.3.1. If the loaded rope breaks and the worker hangs on the second safety rope, he must descend along the second rope to a safe place, or, having organized self-insurance for the structure of the object, receive from other workers a spare rope* fixed in place of the damaged one. * To get out of emergency situations, the team (link) performing work directly at the facility, in the upper working area, must have an emergency set of equipment, which includes: a brigade first aid kit; 2 ropes to the ground or to the nearest platform; 2 safety loops; 4 carbines; knife; block roller. 4.3.2. In case of partial damage to the safety rope above the worker, it is necessary to organize additional self-insurance behind the structure of the object, and then, with the help of other workers, replace the damaged rope. 4.3.3. In case of partial damage to the safety rope below the worker, it is necessary to exclude the damaged section from work using the "guide" or "butterfly" knot, then pass the grasping knot or self-insurance clamp through it, and after descending to the ground or to a safe place, replace the damaged rope. 4.4. When a worker falls while hanging on a safety rope (ropes), he, depending on the specific situation, can descend to the exit point on the structure of the object, or climb to the place of fall using a reserve loop for a grasping knot or a clamp with a ladder, or deviate with a pendulum to a convenient platform, if there is one at the same level within reach. 4.5. In the event of an injury to an employee, first medical aid is provided by him or by other employees, depending on the severity of the injury and the specific situation. 4.5.1. In the event of a minor injury, the worker must descend to a safe place where he or other workers can receive the necessary assistance. 4.5.2. In case of an injury that precludes the possibility of self-descent of the victim, other employees must provide him with first aid and organize his descent (transportation) to a place where he can be given medical assistance, call an ambulance and immediately report the incident to the person responsible for safe work. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Disconnect the electrified tool and equipment from the mains, comply with the regulatory requirements for equipment maintenance. 5.2. Secure the equipment, tools and materials remaining in the work area and protect them from atmospheric influences. 5.3. The ropes fixed on the structures should be taken to the working platforms or removed. Roll the used ropes into coils. In cases where the work technology does not allow removing all safety ropes, the lower ends of the ropes remaining on the object until the next shift must be securely fastened. 5.4. Tools and safety equipment should be cleaned, checked and put away in standard containers and storage places. 5.5. Perform additional activities upon completion of work specified in the work permit. 5.6. Report to the responsible person on completion of work. 5.7. The person responsible for the safe performance of work monitors the implementation of the measures specified in the work permit upon completion of work.
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Comments on the article: Aldr In section 1 there are no dangerous and harmful products. factors Means of protection (security) move to 1 section. I think the rest is ok. Victor The author confuses Occupational Safety with Safety. Most likely the author is a specialist in the field of labor protection. After the separation of OH and TB, OT specialists refuse to work in the field of TB, believing that it does not exist for them. Some even spread rumors that TB has been cancelled.
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