Fire safety measures. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Fire safety measures. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

An analysis of data on fires at the facilities of educational institutions of the Russian Federation shows that the number of fires remains high. So, in 2002, 1121 fires were registered, 28 people died, including three children, and 704 fires and ignitions occurred in educational institutions of the Russian Ministry of Education, as a result of which two people died and material damage in the amount of more than 56 million rubles was caused. rubles.

The main causes of fires were:

careless handling of fire;
violation of the rules for the construction and operation of electrical equipment;
arson.

In April 2003, a number of fires broke out at the facilities of educational institutions, which led to a mass death of people.

On April 7, 2003, at 3:10 am (Moscow time), a fire broke out in the building of the Chochun secondary school with. Sydybyl, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). As a result of the fire, the school building was completely destroyed by fire. At the scene of the fire, 22 people died, 32 people received injuries and burns of varying severity.

On April 10, 2003, at 2:19 am (Moscow time), a fire broke out in a boarding school for deaf and dumb children in the city of Makhachkala, the Republic of Dagestan. As a result of the fire, 28 pupils died, 107 children were hospitalized at the time of the fire, 130 people were saved.

On November 23, 2003, a fire broke out in the dormitory of the Russian University of Peoples' Friendship. Patrice Lumumba, which killed 37 and injured more than 170 people.

The incessant fires in educational institutions testify to the insufficiently serious attitude to fire safety issues.

Under fire safety understand the system of state and public measures aimed at protecting people and property from fire.

The main legislative acts and regulatory legal documents in the field of fire safety are:

Federal Law No. 21-FZ of December 1994, 69 "On Fire Safety" (as amended by Federal Law No. 27-FZ of December 1995, 211);
Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation (PPB 01-03);
GOST SSBT, SNiP, fire safety standards, etc.;
regional documents - fire safety rules, fire safety laws for specific regions;
departmental (object documents) - instructions on fire safety measures and actions in case of fire.

In accordance with the Federal Law "On Fire Safety" (Article 2), the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to develop and approve, within their competence, regulatory documents on fire safety that do not reduce the fire safety requirements established by federal regulatory legal acts.

Legal regulation in the field of fire safety is carried out through regulatory legal acts, and regulatory regulation - through regulatory documents.

According to Art. 20 of the Federal Law "On Fire Safety" regulatory documents on fire safety include standards, norms and rules of fire safety, instructions and other documents containing fire safety requirements.

Regulatory documents on standardization, which are adopted by the federal executive authorities and establish or should establish fire safety requirements, are subject to mandatory coordination with the State Fire Service. The procedure for the development, implementation and application of other regulatory documents on fire safety is established by the State Fire Service.

Fire safety consists of two main areas: preventive warning and extinguishing fires that have arisen.

The main task of modern fire safety is fire prevention, including the following activities:

elimination of immediate or possible causes of fires (correct and rational installation of electrical equipment, heating, prohibition of the use of open fire and smoking in fire hazardous premises, prohibition of storage of combustible materials in unreasonable quantities, etc.);
limiting the spread of a fire that has arisen (construction of fire walls, barriers, fire curtains, water curtains, local barriers, etc.);
creation of safe conditions for the forced evacuation of people from the building (arrangement of evacuation routes and exits, ensuring free movement to them, the absence of bars on the windows, etc.);
providing conditions for extinguishing a possible fire (the presence of access roads and passages to buildings, the presence of an operating fire water supply, hydrants, the serviceability of external fire escapes and fences on the roof, etc.).

The second direction of fire safety includes directly extinguishing a fire and evacuation of people from the burning building.

Responsibility for the fire safety of the organization rests with the heads of the organization. The heads of the organization are obliged to appoint officials responsible for the fire safety of individual facilities.

Organizational leaders are responsible for:

organization of fire protection of the facility;
organization of training of employees in fire safety rules;
development of long-term plans for the implementation of fire extinguishing systems and measures to improve the level of fire safety of the enterprise;
development of instructions on the procedure for working with flammable substances and materials, as well as instructions on compliance with the fire regime and on the actions of people in the event of a fire, etc.;
the use of visual agitation tools to ensure fire safety, etc.

To help the fire department, each enterprise organizes voluntary fire brigades and fire-technical commissions.

All organizations, including educational institutions, must have the necessary primary fire extinguishing equipment and inventory (Fig. 9).

Fire safety measures
Fig.9. Properly equipped shield with fire fighting equipment

Authors: Volkhin S.N., Petrova S.P., Petrov V.P.

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