The main causes of electrical injury. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

The main causes of electrical injury. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

The danger of electric shock differs from many other dangers in that a person is not able to detect it at a distance without special devices and take measures to avoid it. Electric injury statistics in Russia shows that fatal electric shocks account for 2,7% of the total number of deaths, which is disproportionately high compared to injuries in general. This means that electrical injuries are predominantly fatal.

According to the PUE all electrical installations according to electrical safety conditions usually divided into 2 groups:

electrical installations with voltage up to 1000V (1 kV);
electrical installations with voltages above 1000V (1 kV).

It should be noted that the number of accidents in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000V is three times higher than in electrical installations with voltages above 1000V.

This is due to the fact that installations with voltages up to 1000V are used more widely, as well as the fact that more people come into contact with electrical equipment, as a rule, who do not have an electrical specialty. Electrical equipment above 1000V is less common, and only highly qualified electrical personnel are allowed to service it.

The most common causes of electrical injury are:

the appearance of voltage where it should not be under normal conditions (on equipment cases, on metal structures of structures, etc.); most often this occurs due to insulation damage;
the possibility of touching uninsulated current-carrying parts in the absence of appropriate guards;
the impact of an electric arc that occurs between a current-carrying part and a person in networks with a voltage above 1000V, if a person is in close proximity to the current-carrying parts;
other reasons: inconsistent and erroneous actions of personnel, supplying voltage to an installation where people work, leaving the installation energized without supervision, admission to work on disconnected electrical equipment without checking for a lack of voltage, etc.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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