Extraction from water. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Extraction from water. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Providing first aid to the injured

The basic rule for saving the drowning - act thoughtfully, calmly and carefully.

If the call of a drowning man for salvation is heard, he must be sure to answer that his situation has been noticed and help will be provided. This encourages and gives strength to the drowning.

If possible, then you need to give a drowning or tired person a pole or end of clothing, with which to pull him to the shore, a boat, or throw him an improvised floating object, a special life-saving accessory. Throwing a rescue item should be done in such a way as not to hit the rescued person. If these items are not available or their use does not ensure the salvation of a drowning person, it is necessary to swim to his aid.

The person providing assistance must not only swim and dive well, but also know the methods of transporting the victim, be able to free himself from his grips.

In case of mass accidents, one should try to help each drowning person individually. It is impossible to rescue several people by swimming at the same time.

If you urgently need to jump into the water to provide assistance, then you should remove your clothes and shoes. You can not dive into the water upside down in places where the state of the bottom of the reservoir and the depth are unknown. The place to jump into the water should be chosen so that, using the force of the current, you can quickly swim to the scene.

At low water temperatures or from overwork, the swimmer may experience cramps in the calf, thigh, or finger muscles. With cramps in the calf muscles, it is recommended, while swimming on your back, to stretch the leg that has cramped, and pull its fingers towards you. With a spasm of the thigh muscles, strong bending of the leg at the knee helps, and you should press the foot with your hands to the back of the thigh. With a cramp in the muscles of the fingers, you need to clench your hand into a fist and, pulling it out of the water, shake it vigorously.

Help for a swimmer who is tired can be rendered as follows. The person providing assistance should put his shoulders under the outstretched hands of a tired person and transport him, swimming in the breaststroke style (Fig. 8, a, b).

Extraction from water
Rice. 8. Help for a person who is tired when swimming: a - transportation on the back; b - transportation in front of you

It is good if a tired person can row with his feet in time with the movements of the person providing assistance. It is necessary to ensure that the hands of the tired person do not slip off the shoulders of the person providing assistance.

Assistance to a drowning person must be provided from behind, defending himself from his captures. Desperation and mortal fear often give the drowning person great strength, and the capture can threaten the life of the rescuer.

If the drowning man nevertheless grabbed the one who is helping, then you need to take a breath and dive under the water. Then the drowning man, trying to stay at the surface of the water, will let go of the person who saves him.

For liberation from the grips of a drowning There are a few more tricks:

if a drowning person grabbed the assisting person by the torso or by the neck from the front, holding him by the lower back with one hand, with the palm of the other hand, rest against the drowning person’s chin, pinching his nose with his fingers, and push strongly into the chin. In extreme cases, the person providing assistance needs to rest his knee on the lower abdomen of the drowning person and push off with force from him (Fig. 9); if the drowning person grabbed the assisting person by the neck from behind, you need to grab the drowning person’s hand with one hand, and push the elbow of the same hand with the other, then abruptly throw the drowning person’s hand with a push over his head and, without releasing his hand, turn him back to himself and tow him to the shore ( Fig.10);

Extraction from water
Rice. 9. Release from front grip

Extraction from water
Rice. 10. Releasing a grip from behind

If the drowning person grabbed the assisting person by the hands, you need to clench them into fists and make a strong jerk outward, at the same time, pulling your legs up to your stomach, rest against the chest of the drowning person and push off from him (Fig. 11);

if a drowning person grabbed the assisting person by the legs, then to release, you need to press his head to yourself with one hand, and grab his chin with the other and turn away from you (Fig. 12).

Extraction from water
Rice. 11. Release from gripping the hands

Extraction from water
Rice. 12. Release from the grip on the legs

If a drowning man hid under water, you should dive after him. Not finding it right away, you need to do a few parallel dives.

If it is not possible to swim up to a drowning man from behind, it is best to dive a few meters from him and, having swum from the side, push his knee away with one hand, and grab the other leg with the other, jerk him back to you and tow him to the shore (Fig. 13).

Extraction from water
Rice. 13. Turning the drowning man with his back

If the victim lies face up on the bottom of the reservoir, the person providing assistance should dive and swim up to him from the side of the head, and if he lies face down, swim up to him from the side of the legs. In both cases, the assisting person must take the victim's armpits, lift them up, then strongly push off the ground with their feet, float to the surface with the drowning person and tow them to the shore.

tow a drowning man there are several ways:

behind the head (Fig. 14). To do this, the assisting person must transfer the drowning person to a position on his back, supporting him in this position, clasp his face with his palms (thumbs on the cheeks, and little fingers under the lower jaw, covering his ears with his palms) and, holding him above the water, transport him to the shore. You need to swim on your back;

Extraction from water
Rice. 14. Towing a drowning person by the head

by the hands (Fig. 15). To do this, the person providing assistance must swim up from behind, pull the elbows of the drowning person back behind his back and, pressing him to himself, swim to the shore in a freestyle;

Extraction from water
Rice. 15. Towing a drowning person by hand

arm (Fig. 16). To do this, the person assisting must swim up to the drowning person from behind, quickly slip his right (left) hand under his right (left) hand, take the drowning person by the other hand above the elbow, press him to himself and swim to the shore on his side.

Extraction from water
Rice. 16. Towing a drowning person "under the arm": a - through the chest; b - under the back

To tow an unconscious person, the helper should swim on their side and pull the victim by the hair or collar of their clothing.

With all methods of towing a drowning person, it is necessary that his nose and mouth are above the surface of the water.

Rescue of a drowning person with a boat. When going on a boat to rescue a drowning person without special rescue equipment, you should take a pole, stick, etc. with you to give to the drowning person if he has not lost consciousness. If there is only one person in the boat, it is better for him not to jump into the water, otherwise the unruly boat can easily be carried away. The boat must be brought to the sinking stern or bow, but not side. A drowning person should always be taken into the boat from the stern or bow, since when pulled over the side, the boat may capsize. If the second person providing assistance can keep the drowning person from the stern, then he can not be taken into the boat.

We recommend interesting articles Section Occupational Safety and Health:

▪ Main ideas of the OSMS

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