Survival in conditions of limited visibility: fog, whiteout, darkness, twilight. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Survival in conditions of limited visibility: fog, whiteout, darkness, twilight. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

darkness, twilight hide and distort the true danger, interfere with an objective assessment of the current emergency situation. Visual analyzers, as a result of fatigue, distort volumes and distances. The human reaction becomes much slower than during daylight hours. In the dark, the viewing area of the upcoming path is reduced to a minimum, the steepness and length of the slope to be overcome cannot be estimated. In addition, almost all the forces spent on the day's march. All this leads to the fact that when driving in the dark, the likelihood of injury increases dramatically.

White mist

This weather phenomenon is most common in mountainous areas during winter. Its essence lies in the fact that in clear weather, at sunset or during the day - in cloudy weather - the shadow from the peaks and ridges covers the surfaces and hides their microrelief. White snow areas "level out", become "smooth". Shadows are practically non-existent. In scattered light, the distances and sizes of objects are distorted. Under such conditions, it is impossible even from a distance of 1,5-2 m to determine whether a steep slope, a recess in front, or a hillock is going up or down. Unprepared for this phenomenon, you can suddenly fall, get injured (usually ankle and knee joints). Whiteout usually does not last more than 2 hours.

Precautions: Walk slowly, probing the path in front of you. As a last resort, arrange a bivouac. Usually these measures are sufficient.

Fog

In the fog, the real outlines of objects and landscapes change beyond recognition: the low coast seems to be a mountain range, snowdrifts - peaks, and individual small stones - almost rocks.

In limited visibility, you should:

with difficult terrain and the impossibility of a clear orientation - wait out the bad weather;
in case of need to move: the most experienced participants go ahead and behind, maintain the direction in azimuth using linear landmarks (river valleys, large tributaries, ridges, banks, etc.), go in a dense group.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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