Measures to improve the sustainability of the functioning of the object of the economy in an emergency. OBZhD

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Measures to improve the sustainability of the functioning of the object of the economy in an emergency. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

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The most important directions in the system of measures planned and taken to preserve and increase the sustainability of the operation of facilities in emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are the following:

transfer of potentially dangerous enterprises to modern, safer technologies and their withdrawal from settlements;
introduction of automated control and management systems for hazardous technological processes;
development of systems for trouble-free shutdown of technologically complex industries;
implementation of emergency warning and information systems;
protection of people from the damaging factors of an emergency;
reducing the amount of hazardous substances and materials used in production;
availability and high readiness of forces and means for liquidation of emergency situations;
improvement of technological discipline and efficiency of protection of objects.

To implement each of these areas, organizational, engineering and special events.

Organizational measures include:

forecasting the consequences of possible emergencies and developing action plans for peacetime and wartime, taking into account the entire range of work in order to increase the sustainability of the operation of the facility;
creation and equipping of an emergency control center of the facility and a local warning system;
preparation of management staff for work in an emergency;
creation of a special commission on the stability of the object and the organization of its work;
development of instructions and guidelines for reducing the risk of emergencies, accident-free shutdown of production, localization of accidents and elimination of their consequences, as well as for organizing the restoration of disturbed production;
training of the facility personnel in safety measures and actions in case of occurrence and liquidation of emergency situations, localization of accidents and fire extinguishing, restoration of disturbed production;
training of forces and means of localization of emergency situations and restoration of production;
preparation for the evacuation of the population from hazardous areas;
determination of the size of dangerous zones around potentially dangerous objects;
checking the readiness of warning and control systems in emergency situations;
organization of medical supervision and control over the state of health of persons who received radiation doses;
increasing the physical stability of buildings, structures, technological equipment and production in general, as well as creating conditions for its fastest restoration and increasing the degree of protection of people from the damaging factors of emergency situations.

Engineering activities include:

creation at all hazardous facilities of systems for automated control over the course of technological processes, levels of pollution of premises and the air environment of workshops with hazardous substances and dust particles;
creation of local warning systems for the personnel of the facility and the population living in hazardous areas (radiation, chemical and biological contamination, catastrophic flooding, etc.);
accumulation of a fund of protective structures of civil defense and an increase in their protective properties in zones of possible destruction and contamination;
fire fighting measures;
reduction of stocks and storage periods of explosive, gas and flammable substances, bunding of containers for storing especially hazardous substances, arrangement of buried containers for their discharge from technological installations;
accident-free shutdown of technologically complex industries;
localization of emergencies, extinguishing fires, liquidation of the consequences of accidents and restoration of disturbed production;
duplication of power supply sources;
protection of water sources and water quality control;
sealing warehouses and refrigerators in hazardous areas;
protection of the most valuable and unique equipment. Special measures are used to create favorable conditions for carrying out successful work to protect and rescue people who have fallen into dangerous zones, and to quickly eliminate emergencies and their consequences. These activities include:
accumulation of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs and skin;
creation of stockpiles of materials at chemically hazardous facilities for the neutralization of AHOV and degassing of the area, contaminated buildings, means of transport, clothing and footwear;
introduction of automated systems for the neutralization of AHOV emissions;
ensuring the sealing of premises in residential and public buildings located in hazardous areas;
development and introduction into production of protective packaging to ensure the safety of products and food raw materials during transportation, storage and distribution;
regular exercises and drills on actions in emergency situations with the management bodies, formations and personnel of the organization;
introduction of new high-performance means of decontamination and degassing of buildings, structures, transport and special equipment;
accumulation of means of medical protection and prevention of radioactive damage to people and animals in the areas where nuclear power plants are located.

The implementation of the whole range of measures aimed at reducing the risk of accidents at economic facilities and increasing the stability of their functioning in emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature, as well as in the conditions of the use of modern means of destruction by the enemy, is one of the main activities of the management of facilities, industry and territorial links of the economy , management bodies of the RSChS and civil defense services.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

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