Installation and equipment of tents. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Installation and equipment of tents. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

site preparation

The selected place is cleared of bumps, stones, cones. For normal sleep, it is important that the platform is horizontal. In mountainous areas, for this purpose, turf is cut from part of the site or the site is laid out with flat stones. In extreme cases, the tent is set up so that the heads of the tourists are higher than the legs. In winter, with a shallow snow cover, a pit is dug for a tent. In other cases, they are limited to trampling down the snow area and leveling it.

It is advisable to orient the tent site with the "entrance" to an open place - the edge, a river, a lake. When there is wind, the tent is set up in such a way that the wind blows into its end, that is, the back wall.

How to set up tents

Gable tents spread the floor down, then the lower guys are attached to the ground with pegs so that the floor of the tent lies without distortions. After that, they take two one and a half meter racks (their length depends on the height of the tent being installed), put one at the entrance, the other at the rear end of the tent, and overlap them with guy wires attached to the ridge of the tent roof. The ends of the guys are attached with pegs to the ground at a distance of 2-3 m from the tent, trying to maintain their direction along the center line passing through the roof ridge.

Having fastened the entrance to the tent in order to avoid skewing the slopes, they begin to stretch the roof braces. When stretched, the guys should be a continuation of the diagonals of the slopes. Therefore, the pegs are hammered at an angle of 45 ° to the sides of the tent.

When setting up a tent in a forest, the main braces of the roof ridge are first pulled between the trees, and then the floor and braces of the slopes are stretched. Instead of pegs, tree trunks and shrubs are used. The tent is set up correctly when the roof does not wrinkle, the walls do not sag, and the floor is not raised.

Instead of wooden pegs, it is convenient to use metal pins, which are easily stuck into the ground without the help of an ax. In the mountains, instead of pegs, stones are usually used, and the racks are replaced with an alpenstock or ice axes connected in pairs. In water trips, oars can play the role of racks.

Winter and special tents. Tent two-layer tents with awnings are installed depending on the features of their design. If there are trees, the main and side guys are tied to them. In winter, instead of racks and pegs, you have to use skis and ski poles, sometimes connected in pairs. The side walls of winter tents should be sprinkled with snow during severe frosts or wind.

Tent equipment

Tent equipment for the night. Tourists spread mats (inflate rubber mattresses), put sleeping bags on them, and put backpacks with soft things at the head. Small personal items - compasses, glasses, toiletries - are placed in the pockets of the tent, shoes are placed at its entrance under the floor, and dishes (if it is not left near the fire or on the knots of a nearby tree) are hidden under the visor of the roof slope. For lighting in the tent, an electric lantern or a candle is fixed in advance on the suspension.

Additional tent equipment depends on the specific travel conditions. If the weather is rainy, you need to put plastic wrap or other waterproof material on the roof of the tent. In the absence of a cape, during rain, one should not touch the roof panel from the inside, because it will easily leak in these places. If this still happened, quickly press your finger to the place of leakage and slide it down the slope - now the water will drain along the inside of the wall without disturbing you with an annoying drop. A small ditch should be dug around the tent with a drainage groove for rainwater.

When traveling in the taiga, it is useful, in addition to the standard double-leaf entrance, to sew a tube entrance made of thick gauze in the form of a sleeve with a tightening neck to the tent and pre-treat it, as well as all the cracks and holes near the tent with some kind of insect repellent compound. During the journey, such processing must be repeated periodically.

Winter tent equipment. In a winter tent, as a rule, a tourist stove is installed. It requires a special place and reliable support in the form of a central stake (in a tent), a ridge cable or sliding legs. A special place in the tent is also reserved for the supply of firewood. Ropes are stretched along the exhaust pipe from the stove, on which tourists dry their things overnight. In order to isolate the sleeping people from the cold air from the door, a tube entrance is made to it. To prevent snow from getting on the tent and freezing over it, it is recommended to stretch an awning from any lightweight material.

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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