Organization of civil defense in educational institutions. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Organization of civil defense in educational institutions. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

In the postwar years (1950-1960) civil defense organizations in educational institutions The USSR was given maximum attention. So, for example, during the construction of new schools, shelters with two entrances and exits were necessarily created in the basement, and in the event of a complete destruction of the building, another underground exit was provided. This underground exit had a protected hatch-door, which should not be covered with debris of the building in case of complete destruction of the above-ground part. At the same time, reinforced concrete floors and walls of the basement-shelter were made with an increased margin of safety, with the calculation of the load of the debris of the destroyed building.

In these and subsequent years (1960-1980s), civil defense exercises were conducted in all educational institutions. Before the exercises, self-defense and self-rescue units were formed from students and teachers with the development of such necessary actions as the use of personal protective equipment, the provision of first aid to the victims.

With the collapse of the USSR, attention to the organization of civil defense in educational institutions was weakened, and since 1991 exercises have practically not been held. But the increasing cases of fires in educational institutions sharply raised the question of organizing civil defense and conducting exercises with the development of all actions. It is quite obvious that if all the requirements for civil defense facilities were observed, then there would be no casualties during fires, as in a number of cases that occurred in schools, hostels, boarding schools, etc.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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