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BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
Extreme emergency situations in public transport. Basics of safe life
Directory / Basics of safe life The intensity of traffic flows in the city, not always sufficiently high qualification of drivers, indiscipline of road users and a number of other circumstances create prerequisites for the emergence of extreme emergency situations. Traction includes vehicles for various purposes, trolleybuses and trams, the subway. To comply with security measures, it is necessary to know the specific features of each of them. Urban transport is the most numerous and most emergency. Transportation of goods and people is carried out in continuous streams along the highways and streets of the city. Passenger cars also participate in this flow, technically serviceable and with defects, driven by professionals and amateur drivers with different experience and responsibility for their actions, with a variety of spectrums of mental state and health. There are frequent cases of recklessness, gross violation of traffic rules (SDA) and outright car hooliganism, as well as driving while intoxicated. It should also be taken into account that the condition of the roadbed of most streets leaves much to be desired. Motor transport has now become the most dangerous. Thus, for every 1 billion passenger-kilometers in railway transport, there are 2 dead, in air transport - 6, and in road transport - 20 people. The victims of traffic accidents are drivers, passengers and pedestrians. According to statistics, up to 65% of the victims die at the scene of the incident, and more than 2/3 of them - inside the car. A large number of deaths at the scene of the accident is due to the inability of others to provide first aid to the victims. Pedestrians must follow the following rules: 1) move along sidewalks or footpaths, keeping to the right side, and where there are none, along the side of the road; 2) outside built-up areas, when driving along the side of the road or the edge of the carriageway, you must go towards the traffic; 3) the carriageway should be crossed at pedestrian crossings (including underground and surface), and in their absence - at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides; 4) if there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, cross the road at a right angle to the edge of the carriageway in a section where it is clearly visible in both directions; 5) in places where traffic is regulated, be guided by the signals of a traffic light or a traffic controller; 6) in other cases, you can only enter the carriageway after you are convinced that the crossing is safe and you will not interfere with traffic; 7) it is impossible to get out from behind a standing vehicle or other obstacle that restricts visibility without making sure that there is no movement. Never forget that on streets with heavy traffic, you must be extremely careful and cautious. Often even the color of the car plays a significant role. It has been established that most often pedestrians fall under cars of sand, lilac and milky white colors. zone of increased danger metrowhere emergencies are most likely, there may be an escalator, electrical equipment, a platform, cars with automatic doors. To avoid trouble when driving on an escalator, the following simple rules should be observed: 1) stand on the escalator on the right side, face in the direction of travel, hold on to the handrails, walk on the left side; 2) do not run along the escalator, do not sit on its steps, do not touch the fixed parts of the balustrade; 3) do not linger when leaving the escalator, do not forget to pick up strollers, carts, bags on wheels and other things in a timely manner; 4) be especially careful if you have shoes with high thin heels on your feet - this can not only ruin your shoes, but also cause serious bodily injury. The subway is a complex production system that includes elements of automation, telemechanics, ventilation, water supply and power supply. Electrical equipment increases the risk of extreme situations associated with electric shock to people and fires. The most dangerous in this respect are rail tracks and tunnels. To ensure the safety of passengers, it is forbidden to enter the service premises of the metro, touch any elements of electrical equipment and go down to the railroad tracks. On the platform while waiting for the train, they should be placed evenly along the length of the train, without going beyond the boundary line at the edge of the platform. If you need to pick up a dropped item from the tracks, contact the station attendant, but in no case try to get it yourself. It is not recommended to approach the car until the train has come to a complete stop. Being in the car, you should know where its fire-fighting equipment is located, since the fire hazard here is quite high, since synthetic and other materials are used in the equipment of the cars. In anticipation of this, fire-fighting equipment is provided in the cars, the main element of which is a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Above the sofa, on the wall, there is a silhouette of a red fire extinguisher and an arrow indicating the location of the fire extinguisher. For emergency communication with the driver, there is a transceiver on the wall. In the event of an emergency situation in the car, it is necessary, by pressing the button of the device, to notify the driver about what happened. To turn off the doors, there are taps, the handles of which must be turned towards you. Actions in extreme situations during a fire in the subway (especially in tunnels) become more complicated, because due to the closed volume, smoke and toxic combustion products quickly form lethal concentrations. In case of danger, contact the driver. When the train stops on the stretch, remain calm, and during a long stop (more than 10 minutes) get the necessary information from the train crew, follow the recommendations. If necessary, use the car's fire-fighting equipment and act confidently, without panic. To avoid fire on the subway, do not transport flammable and explosive substances, toxic materials. When flooding, coordinate your actions with the specific circumstances and recommendations of the train crew, provide assistance to the weak and injured. To prevent injury in the event of sudden braking of the train, try to hold on to the handrails, the arches of the seat backs, and take a fixed position. Don't fall asleep while driving. One of the most popular types of urban transport is bus. Extreme situations are most likely during landing and disembarkation, at the time of sudden braking, in the event of a fire, flooding. Embarkation and disembarkation is carried out only after its complete stop. While on the bus, do not keep the doors open, do not stand in the aisle, near the doors, do not lean against the doors; take seats away from the aisle, preferably in the middle part of the cabin. Ensure that you are in a stable position while driving. If it is not possible to sit down, hold on to the handrail, but remember that a low handrail will not keep you from falling when braking hard. Be facing in the direction of traffic - so you will have information about a possible extreme situation. Do not distract the driver from driving the bus. It is not recommended to sleep, as in this case it is possible not to respond to an emergency in a timely manner. Safety in a traffic accident is guaranteed by a stable fixed position of the body. Hard, hard braking can injure your neck if you're not prepared for it. Try to compactly position your head, arms and legs so that they do not become pinched in an accident. Sitting in a chair, lean forward and place your crossed arms on the chair in front, press your head to your hands, move your legs forward, but do not stick them under the chair, as a broken chair can hurt your legs. When falling, group up, cover your head with your hands. Do not try to stop the fall by grabbing onto a handrail or something else. Most often this leads to dislocations and fractures. When falling with your head in your hands, try to fall on your side, on the seat or on the floor of the bus, this will avoid significant injury. In the event of an accident, do not disorganize an already difficult situation, do not shout, do not rush about. In case of fire in the bus, it is necessary to leave it as soon as possible, using exits, including emergency ones. In practice, situations associated with the flooding of the bus are not uncommon. In conditions of complete flooding, the time factor will be decisive. With doors and windows closed, until the passenger compartment is completely flooded with water, there is a certain reserve of time that should be used to prepare for evacuation from the bus. Get rid of heavy, restrictive clothing and shoes. Leave things in place - life is more precious than any values. Then, having filled your lungs with more air, rush up to the surface through the emergency exit as quickly as possible. In the event of an emergency in trolley or tram actions of people in principle are similar to those already discussed above. However, since both trolleybuses and trams are energy-intensive modes of transport, electrical safety should be kept in mind. Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.
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