Passage of military service. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Passage of military service. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Conducting military service by conscription

Citizens are called up for military service twice a year on the basis of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation: in spring - from April 1 to June 30 and in autumn - from October 1 to December 31.

Citizens living in remote areas of the Far North are called up for military service from May 1 to June 30, and those living in rural areas and directly employed in sowing and harvesting work are called up from October 15 to December 31. Pedagogical workers of educational institutions are called up for military service from May 1 to June 30.

Call for military service is subject to male citizens aged 18 to 27 years old, who are or are required to be registered in the military and are not in the reserve. The decision to call up citizens for military service can be made only after they reach the age of 18. The call is organized by the head of the local government together with the military commissar. The draft board directly carries out the call. When making a decision to call up a citizen for military service, this commission is guided by the conclusion of specialists based on the results of a medical examination on his fitness for military service according to the established categories.

The professional selection group submits to the draft commission recommendations on the suitability of the conscript for military service for any class of military positions (command, operator, communications and surveillance, driver, special purpose, technological). These recommendations are taken into account when making a decision on the appointment of a citizen for military service in a particular branch of the Armed Forces or branch of service.

When deciding to send a citizen to alternative civilian service, the draft board is guided by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Alternative Civil Service".

The decision on exemption from conscription for military service is taken by the conscription commission, guided by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service."

Citizens are exempted from conscription for military service:

declared unfit (category "D") or partially fit for military service (category "B") for health reasons;
passing or having completed military service in the Russian Federation;
who are or have completed alternative civilian service;
who have completed military service in another state;
having an academic degree of Candidate of Science or Doctor of Science;
in the event of the death (death) of the father, mother, brother, sister in connection with the performance of their duties of military service.

Citizens are not subject to conscription for military service:

serving a sentence in the form of compulsory labor, correctional labor, restriction of freedom, arrest or imprisonment;
having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction;
in respect of which an inquiry or preliminary investigation is underway or in respect of which a criminal case has been submitted to the court.

The decision to grant a citizen a deferment from conscription for military service is taken by the commission in accordance with Article 24 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service."

The enlistment of a citizen in the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is carried out by the draft commission if, according to the results of a medical examination, he is recognized as partially fit for military service (category "B"). Such citizens are subject to periodic (once every three years) examination until they reach the age of 27.

Citizens declared unfit for military service (category "D") are excluded from military registration.

The procedure for passing military service is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service" and the Regulations on the Procedure for Passing Military Service.

The beginning of military service for citizens called up for military service is considered the day of departure from the regional (territorial, republican) military commissariat to the place of service. From that moment on, the citizen acquires the status of a serviceman. After completing the initial military training in the unit, the soldier takes the Military Oath. Before taking the military oath, he cannot be involved in the performance of combat missions (participation in hostilities, combat duty, combat and guard duty), weapons and military equipment cannot be assigned to him, and a disciplinary sanction in the form of arrest cannot be imposed on him.

The daily life and activities of a serviceman in a military unit are carried out in accordance with the requirements of the internal service. This service is intended to maintain internal order and military discipline in part, ensuring constant combat readiness and training of personnel, and the organized performance by military personnel of tasks in everyday life. It is organized in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The internal service in a military unit is managed by its commander, and in a subunit - by the subunit commander. The direct organizer of the internal service in a military unit is the chief of staff, and in the location of the company (battery) - the foreman of the company (battery).

Accommodation of military personnel, time allocation and daily routine

Conscripted military personnel (except for sailors and foremen who are on ships) are accommodated in barracks. The accommodation of military personnel in sleeping quarters is made at the rate of at least 12 m³ volume of air per person. The beds in these rooms are arranged in a sequence corresponding to the staffing list of the company, and are installed so that there are places for bedside tables near each of them or about two moved together, and between the rows of beds there is free space necessary for the construction of military personnel. In the bedside table, servicemen store toiletries and shaving supplies, handkerchiefs, collars, clothes and shoes cleaning supplies, as well as books, charters, notebooks, writing materials.

Small arms and ammunition in the subunits are stored in a separate room with metal bars on the windows, which is under constant guard of the daily duty officers.

The company is equipped with a shower room at the rate of one tap (shower net) for 15-20 people, wash basins are installed - one tap (nipple) for 5-7 people and at least two foot baths with running water. There is also a place for washing uniforms.

Separate, specially equipped rooms are allocated for cleaning uniforms and shoes.

Smoking by military personnel is allowed in specially designated and equipped rooms or places that ensure fire safety.

Military personnel arriving for replenishment in the regiment are accommodated in a separate room for 14 days. During this period, young soldiers undergo an in-depth medical examination.

The distribution of time in a military unit is carried out in such a way that constant combat readiness is ensured and conditions are created for conducting organized combat training of personnel, maintaining order, military discipline and educating military personnel, raising their cultural level, comprehensive consumer services, timely rest and eating. The length of service time for conscripted military personnel is determined by the daily routine of the military unit.

The daily routine regulates in time the implementation of the main activities of daily activities, study and life of the personnel of the unit. It provides time for physical exercise, toilet, morning inspection, training sessions and preparation for them, changing special (working) clothes, cleaning shoes and washing hands before eating, eating, caring for weapons and military equipment, conducting educational, cultural-leisure and sports-mass work. Every week, the regiment holds a park and maintenance day to maintain weapons, military equipment, equip and improve the facilities of the training and material base, put military camps in order and carry out other work. On the same day, a general cleaning of all premises is carried out, as well as a bath for military personnel.

Combat duty, exercises, ship cruises and other events, the list of which is determined by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, are carried out without limiting the total duration of the weekly duty time. Urgent measures directly related to the combat and mobilization readiness of a military unit are carried out by order of its commander at any time of the day with the provision of at least 4 hours for military personnel to rest.

Sundays and holidays are days of rest for all personnel, except for those on combat duty and in daily duty. On rest days, morning physical exercises are not carried out.

A conscripted soldier is entitled to one dismissal per week from the location of the unit. Dismissal from the location of the unit is carried out by the company commander on the days and hours appointed by the unit commander. At the same time, no more than 30% of servicemen can be dismissed from the unit. Soldiers of the first year of service are dismissed from the location of the unit after bringing them to the Military oath. It is allowed to visit military personnel by relatives and other persons at the time established by the daily routine, in a visitor's room specially designated for this in the regiment. Family members of military personnel and other persons, with the permission of the commander, can visit the barracks, canteen, military glory (history) room of the unit and other premises to get acquainted with the life and way of life of personnel.

A serviceman is excluded from the lists of personnel of the military unit on the day of the expiration of his military service. At the same time, the period of military service does not include the time spent in a disciplinary military unit, the time of unauthorized abandonment of a military unit or place of military service, regardless of the reasons for abandonment for more than 10 days. At the same time, one day of participation in hostilities or performance of tasks in armed conflicts, as well as one day of stay in medical institutions due to injuries, contusions, injuries or diseases received during participation in these actions or conflicts, is counted as two days of military conscription services.

Passing military service under the contract

The organization of military service under the contract is one of the directions of reforming the Russian army. This is a voluntary service, when a citizen enters into a contract with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and undertakes to perform military service on certain conditions. These conditions consist in the obligation of a citizen to perform military service within the prescribed period, to conscientiously fulfill the general, official and special duties assigned to him. The terms of the contract also provide for the observance of the rights of this citizen and members of his family, the receipt of benefits, guarantees and compensations established by law.

The following categories of citizens have the right to conclude a military service contract:

military personnel whose previous military service contract expires;
conscripted military personnel who have served for at least 12 months;
citizens in the reserve;
male citizens who graduated from educational institutions of higher professional education and are not in the reserve;
female citizens who are not in the reserve. The first contract for military service has the right
conclude citizens aged 18 to 40 years.

The selection of candidates for entry into military service under a contract from among citizens who are not in military service is carried out by military commissariats, and from among military personnel - by military units. Citizens entering the military service under the contract are subject to high requirements in terms of professional training and fitness for health reasons. Therefore, they are subject to medical examination and verification according to established methods of professional psychological selection. Citizens who are fit for military service (category "A") or fit for military service with minor restrictions (category "B") can be accepted for military service under a contract. According to the results of professional psychological selection, citizens classified in the fourth category of professional suitability for military service under the contract are not accepted. In addition, citizens entering military service under a contract must meet the established requirements for the level of education, professional suitability and physical fitness.

The first contract for military service with applicants for military positions, for which the state provides for the military ranks of soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen, is concluded for 3 years, and with those entering military positions for which the state provides for the military ranks of ensigns, midshipmen or officers, - for 5 years. Subsequent contracts for military service may be concluded by military personnel for a period of 3, 5 and 10 years.

The beginning of military service under the contract is considered the date of entry into force of the contract for military service. The end of service is the date of exclusion of the serviceman from the lists of personnel of the military unit.

For contract service in the positions of soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen, an education of at least secondary (complete) general is required. High demands are placed on the individual professional and psychological qualities of candidates. They must have stable motives for voluntarily entering military service, high discipline and responsibility, the ability to work in a team, interact effectively with other military personnel, and respect their comrades, seniors and commanders. These people must be able to make decisions in conditions of lack of information and lack of time, persevere and skillfully implement them, have emotional stability in life-threatening situations, as well as endurance to psychological and physical overload.

Contracted military personnel have additional rights and benefits compared to those who serve on conscription. They have the right to change the place of military service (to be transferred to another locality) due to the state of their health and the health of family members. The time of military service under the contract shall be included in the total length of service, the length of service of a civil servant and the length of service in the specialty at the rate of one day of military service for one day of work. The total duration of the weekly service time of military personnel undergoing military service under the contract must not exceed the normal duration of the weekly working time established by the legislation of Russia. The exception is combat duty, exercises, ship cruises and some other activities that are carried out without limiting the total duration of the weekly service time.

Every year, this category of military personnel is granted basic leave, the duration of which depends on the total length of military service. Military personnel, whose total duration of military service in a preferential calculation is less than 10 years, have a rest of 30 days. With military service from 10 to 15 years - 35 days, from 15 to 20 years - 40 days, 20 years or more - 45 days. For military personnel serving under a contract in the Far North and other areas with adverse climatic and environmental conditions, as well as in military positions associated with increased danger to life and health, the duration of the main leave is increased by up to 15 days. In this case, the total duration of the vacation cannot exceed 60 days, not counting the time required to travel to the place of vacation and back.

Contract servicemen who conscientiously fulfill their duties, at the end of the calendar year, by decision of the commander of the military unit, may be paid a one-time monetary reward in the amount of at least three monthly salaries. In addition, they may be paid a bonus for exemplary performance of military duty in the amount of up to three monthly salaries.

When servicemen move to a new place of military service in another settlement, they are paid a lifting allowance in the amount of two salaries of monetary maintenance for a serviceman, one salary for a spouse (spouse) and half of the salary for each of the other members of the serviceman's family.

Contract servicemen may be paid a monthly allowance for the complexity, intensity and special regime of military service in the amount of up to 50% of the salary for a military post. Monthly this category of military personnel is paid percentage bonus to salaries for long service in the following sizes:

from 1 to 2 years - 5%;
from 2 to 5 years - 10%;
from 5 to 10 years - 20%;
from 10 to 15 years - 25%;
from 15 to 20 years - 30%;
from 20 to 25 years - 35%;
from 25 years and more - 40%.

Food provision of military personnel under the contract is carried out by the organization of free meals at the place of service, the issuance of food rations or the payment of monetary compensation in return for rations.

Contracted military personnel and members of their families are provided with sanatorium treatment and organized recreation in sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses and tourist bases of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. At the same time, military personnel pay 25%, and their family members - 50% of the cost of the tour.

In 2003, the Federal Target Program was developed for the transition to the recruitment of positions in a number of formations and military units by contract servicemen.

The program provides for the transfer during 2004-2007. for the contract method of manning 80 formations and military units with a total number of 147,5 thousand military personnel. The program provides for an increase in the allowance paid for special conditions of combat training to 3300 rubles. per month per one soldier, and in formations stationed on the territory of the Chechen Republic, up to 5 thousand rubles. In total, a contract soldier of the first year of service will receive about 6 thousand rubles. per month, and in the Chechen Republic - about 15 thousand rubles.

The transfer of formations and units to recruitment under the contract will be carried out sequentially, as the necessary conditions are created. At the same time, it will be combined with a consistent reduction in the terms of conscription service. It is planned that from 2008 the period of conscript service will be reduced to one year.

The main types of military activities

In military activity, three main elements can be conditionally distinguished: combat training, service-combat activity, and real combat operations.

Combat training - this is a system of measures for the training and education of military personnel, combat coordination of units and subunits to prepare them for conducting joint military operations or performing other tasks. This training is primarily aimed at ensuring a high level of combat effectiveness of units and subunits, that is, their ability to successfully conduct combat operations and perform combat missions.

Combat training ensures a high military-professional level of personnel of units and subunits. It is carried out continuously both in peacetime and in wartime and includes classes, exercises, live firing, training, during which military personnel study military regulations, weapons and military equipment, methods of action in battle, and subunits and units work out methods of action. when performing combat missions.

Combat training has a number of features. It has a clearly expressed collective orientation and is organized in such a way that in the course of training individual military personnel are simultaneously trained and military units are being prepared for joint actions. This is basically a practical training aimed at mastering by soldiers weapons and military equipment and their skillful use in battle.

The highest form of combat training is exercises in which methods of using weapons and military equipment in combat are worked out, and combat coordination of subunits and units is carried out. The exercises are carried out in any weather, on real terrain, with standard weapons and equipment, in an environment as close as possible to combat.

The content of combat training is determined by curricula and programs. One of the basic principles of combat training is the requirement to "teach troops what is necessary in war."

Service and combat activities designed to ensure a high level of combat readiness of subunits and units - their ability in any conditions to start military operations on time. The degree of combat readiness in peacetime should ensure the rapid transition of troops to martial law and an organized entry into combat operations, and in wartime, the ability to immediately carry out the assigned combat missions.

Service and combat activities include combat duty, guard and internal service.

Combat duty is the performance of a combat mission. It is carried out by duty forces and means assigned from military units and subunits and are in full combat readiness to perform suddenly arising tasks or conduct combat operations. The duty forces and facilities include combat crews, crews of ships, duty shifts of command posts, etc. Training of military personnel for combat duty is carried out as part of units, combat crews, duty shifts before each intercession for this duty.

Military personnel who have not taken the military oath, who have not mastered the combat training program, who are sick, or who have committed offenses that are under investigation, are not assigned to combat duty.

To ensure a high degree of combat readiness, a number of restrictions and prohibitions are imposed on duty shift servicemen. For example, they are prohibited from transferring the performance of their duties to other persons; be distracted by activities not related to combat duty; arbitrarily leave combat posts; carry out work on armament and military equipment that reduces their combat readiness.

guard duty It is designed for reliable protection and defense of combat banners, storage facilities with weapons, military equipment, and other materiel.

Guard duty is the fulfillment of a combat mission and requires high vigilance, precise performance of their duties, determination and initiative from military personnel. Those guilty of violating the requirements of the guard service are subject to disciplinary or criminal liability.

To carry out guard duty, guards are appointed - armed units assigned to carry out the combat mission of guarding and defending combat banners, military and state facilities. The composition of each guard includes the head of the guard, the guards according to the number of posts and shifts, and the guards. For the direct protection and defense of objects from the guard, sentries are posted.

Guardsmen are appointed, as a rule, from among the soldiers (sailors) sworn in by the military, who have mastered the appropriate combat training programs and have high moral and psychological qualities.

Internal service organized and carried out in accordance with the Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to maintain internal order and military discipline in military units, ensuring constant combat readiness.

Real fighting - this is a type of military activity, for the provision of which combat training and service and combat activities of troops are carried out. This activity is carried out directly in combat conditions and is aimed at ensuring that at any time of the year and day, in any conditions and situation, troops can defeat any enemy.

Dismissal from military service and stay in the reserve

The reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation serves to deploy the army during mobilization and replenish it during the war.

In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service" reserve of the Russian Armed Forces is created from the following categories of citizens:

discharged from military service with enrollment in the reserve;
trained under the training programs for reserve officers at the military departments of educational institutions of higher professional education;
those who have not completed military service due to exemption from conscription;
those who have not completed military service in connection with the provision of deferrals upon reaching the age of 27 years;
not called up for military service for any other reason;
completed alternative civilian service;
women with a military specialty.

Citizens in the reserve are divided into categories depending on their age (Table 7).

Table 7. The composition of the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Military service

Women belong to the third category of the reserve, having military ranks of officers, they are in the reserve up to 50 years, and the rest - up to 45 years.

Citizens who have reached the age limit for being in the reserve or who are declared unfit for military service for health reasons are transferred to the resignation and removed from military registration.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

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