Military duty and its content. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Military duty and its content. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Military duty - it is the duty of citizens established by law to serve in the ranks of the Armed Forces and perform other duties related to the defense of the country.

The content of the military duty of citizens of the Russian Federation is determined by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service" (Scheme 9).

During the period of mobilization, during the period of martial law and in wartime, military duty is determined by the relevant laws and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and provides for:

conscription for military service on mobilization, during martial law and in wartime;
military service during the period of mobilization, during martial law and in wartime.

Mobilization - a set of measures to transfer the Armed Forces, the economy of the state and the state authorities of the country to martial law.

Martial law - a special legal regime in the country or a separate part of it, established by the decision of the highest authority under exceptional circumstances and expressed in the expansion of the powers of the military authorities, the imposition of a number of additional duties and certain restrictions on citizens.

War time - the period of the actual presence of the state in a state of war. It is characterized by significant changes in all spheres of state life and in interstate relations and the introduction of wartime laws.

Military duty and its content

Scheme 9. The content of military duty

In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense", the President of the Russian Federation, being the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in the event of aggression or an immediate threat of aggression against the Russian Federation, the outbreak of armed conflicts directed against our country, announces a general or partial mobilization, introduces martial law of the country or in some of its localities, gives the order for the conduct of hostilities.

Organization of military registration

Military registration It is an integral part of the military duty of citizens. All male citizens who have reached military age, as well as those liable for military service at the place of residence, are subject to military registration.

The following categories of citizens are not required to be registered with the military:

exempted from the performance of military duties in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service";
military service or alternative civilian service;
serving a sentence of imprisonment;
women who do not have a military specialty;
permanently residing outside the Russian Federation.

Military registration of citizens of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service" at the place of residence by military commissariats. In settlements where there are no military commissariats, primary military registration is carried out by local governments.

В military records The following information is provided for each person liable for military service:

Full Name;
Date of Birth;
location;
marital status;
education;
place of work;
fitness for military service for health reasons;
professional suitability for training in military registration specialties and for military service in military positions;
basic anthropometric data (chest circumference, body weight, muscle strength of the hand, vital capacity of the lungs);
performing military service or alternative civilian service;
passing military training;
knowledge of foreign languages;
availability of military registration and civilian specialties;
the presence of the first sports category or sports title;
initiation or termination of a criminal case against a citizen;
the presence of a criminal record;
reservation of a citizen who is in reserve, for a state authority, self-government body or organization for the period of mobilization and in wartime.

Initial registration of citizens for military registration

The initial military registration of male citizens is carried out from January 2 to March 32 in the year they reach the age of 17 years. It is carried out by a special commission for the registration of citizens for military registration, created in a district, city or other administrative entity.

Officials of organizations or educational institutions are obliged to provide citizens working or studying in these organizations or institutions with the possibility of timely appearance on the agenda of the military commissariat for military registration. If citizens subject to military registration do not work or study, they are required to personally arrive at the military commissariat at the place of residence upon receipt of the summons from the military commissariat. The initial military registration of female citizens after they have received a military registration specialty, as well as persons who have received citizenship of the Russian Federation, is carried out by the military commissariat throughout the calendar year.

During the initial registration of a citizen for military registration, professional psychological selection measures are taken to determine his suitability for training in military registration specialties and registration for military registration, or to submit for consideration the issue of enrolling him in the reserve or exemption from military service.

After carrying out all the activities related to the initial registration of citizens for military registration, the chairman of the commission (or, on his behalf, the secretary of the commission) announces to the citizens the decision of the commission and explains their obligations for military registration.

Responsibilities of citizens for military registration

In order to ensure military registration, citizens are required to:

be on the military register at the place of residence in the military commissariat, and in the settlement where there is no military registration and enlistment office - in local governments;
appear at the appointed time and place upon summons (summon) to the military commissariat or other body that carries out military registration, at the place of residence or place of temporary stay;
upon dismissal from military service to the reserve, to arrive within two weeks from the date of their exclusion from the lists of the unit to the military commissariat or other body that carries out military registration, for military registration;
report within two weeks to the military commissariat or other body that carries out military registration about a change in marital status, education, place of work or position, place of residence within the district, city without district division;
to be removed from military registration when moving to a new place of residence or place of temporary stay (for a period of more than three months), as well as when leaving the country for a period of more than six months, and to register for military registration within two weeks upon arrival at a new place of residence, place of temporary stay or when returning to the Russian Federation;
carefully store a military ID (certificate of a citizen subject to conscription for military service); in case of loss of these documents, within two weeks, apply to the military commissariat or other body that carries out military registration to resolve the issue of obtaining new documents to replace the lost ones;
a citizen subject to conscription for military service and leaving during the period of conscription for a period of more than three months from his place of residence must personally inform the military commissariat or other body that carries out military registration about this.

Organization of medical examination and medical examination of citizens when they are registered for military service and when they are called up for military service

In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service", a citizen, upon initial military registration, is subject to a medical examination by specialist doctors: a general practitioner, surgeon, neuropathologist, psychiatrist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, dentist, and, if necessary, doctors of other specialties.

Before a medical examination, but not earlier than 30 days, all citizens subject to initial registration for military registration undergo a fluorographic examination of the chest organs, a urine test, a blood test, and on the day of the examination, a measurement of height and body weight.

When conducting a medical examination, specialist doctors, having studied the submitted medical documents and examined the citizen, assess the state of his health, physical development and issue a conclusion on its compliance with one of the categories of fitness for military service:

"A" - fit for military service;
"B" - fit for military service with minor restrictions;
"B" - limited fit for military service;
"G" - temporarily unfit for military service;
"D" - not fit for military service.

Citizens who are recognized by a medical examination as fit for military service (category "A") or fit for military service with minor restrictions (category "B") are subject to conscription for military service. At the same time, citizens recognized as fit for military service with minor restrictions cannot be sent for military service to the Airborne Forces, Marine Corps and the Navy (floating personnel). Citizens declared temporarily unfit for military service (category "G") are granted a deferment from conscription for 6 or 12 months for examination and treatment. Citizens recognized as partially fit for military service (category "B") are enlisted in the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and are subject to periodic (once every 3 years) examination until they reach the age of 27, and those recognized as unfit for military service (category "D ") are excluded from military registration.

Citizens recognized at the initial military registration as in need of examination and treatment are sent to medical institutions by the military commissariat. A referral for examination is issued to them when the decision of the commission on military registration is announced. The direction shall indicate the name of the medical institution, the diagnosis, the purpose of the examination and the period of reappearance for examination. Control over the timeliness of examination (treatment) and re-examination is carried out by the military commissariat.

Citizens wishing to enter a military educational institution undergo a preliminary examination at the military commissariat, and a final examination at a military educational institution. Citizens with normal color perception, visual acuity of at least 1,0 in each eye without correction, blood pressure not higher than 130/80 and not lower than 105/50 mm Hg are sent for a preliminary examination. Art.

The commission for the registration of citizens for military registration, in addition to a medical examination to determine their fitness for military service for health reasons, carries out activities for professional psychological selection. This selection is a set of measures aimed at high-quality recruitment of military positions on the basis of ensuring that professionally important individual psychological qualities and abilities of citizens entering military service meet the requirements of military professional activity. In military commissariats, this selection is carried out by a professional selection group, which, according to the data of a socio-psychological study and the results of a psychological and psycho-physiological examination, determines the professional suitability of a citizen for training in military educational institutions or for training in military specialties in state and public organizations.

Based on the results of the selection, one of four suitability opinions citizen to military service in specific military positions:

a) recommended in the first place - the first category; Citizens classified in this category, in terms of the level of development of professionally important qualities, fully comply with the requirements of military positions;

b) recommended - the second category; citizens classified in this category generally meet the requirements of military positions;

at) it is recommended conditionally - the third category; citizens classified in this category minimally meet the requirements of military positions;

d) not recommended - fourth category; citizens classified in this category do not meet the requirements of military positions.

Citizens assigned to the fourth category of professional suitability cannot be sent for training in military specialties and military educational institutions, and are also not subject to contract military service.

Mandatory preparation of citizens for military service

Compulsory preparation of a citizen for military service is established by the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Military Duty and Military Service" and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 1999 No. 1441.

This training includes:

obtaining basic knowledge in the field of defense;
training in the basics of military service in a state, municipal or non-state educational institution of secondary (complete) general education, an educational institution of primary vocational and secondary vocational education, at training centers of organizations;
military-patriotic education;
training in military specialties of soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen in the direction of the military commissariat;
medical examination and medical examination;
carrying out medical and recreational activities.

Compulsory preparation of a citizen for military service can be conditionally divided into two periods: preparation for military service of citizens of pre-conscription age before their initial military registration; preparation for military service of citizens of military age who are registered with the military, before sending them to the place of military service.

In the first period, this training is aimed at obtaining the necessary general education for citizens to successfully perform military duties. The work is organized in the following areas: the improvement of physical fitness, the formation of psychological qualities necessary for service and life in a team and small groups, the determination of individual inclinations and capabilities.

In the second period, the preparation of citizens for military service is more focused. Conscripts get acquainted with the content of conscription military service, the basic requirements for the state of health and the individual psychological qualities of servicemen. After that, they must plan their individual training so as to prepare them for the successful performance of military service duties.

Voluntary training of citizens for military service

Voluntary training of citizens for military service is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On military duty and military service" and provides for:

military-applied sports;
training in additional educational programs aimed at military training of underage citizens in educational institutions of secondary (complete) general education, as well as in military bands;
training according to training programs for reserve officers at military departments at state municipal or state-accredited non-state educational institutions of higher professional education in the relevant areas of training (specialties).

Training under the training programs for reserve officers at the military departments of educational institutions of higher professional education

Military training of students of full-time departments of state educational institutions of higher professional education under the training programs for reserve officers is carried out in order to prepare the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Students - citizens of the Russian Federation, studying full-time in a state, municipal or having state accreditation in the relevant areas of training (specialties) non-state educational institution of higher professional education, fit for military service for health reasons and meeting other established requirements, have the right to conclude with the Ministry defense of the Russian Federation contract. This contract provides for training under the training programs for reserve officers at the military department at this educational institution and further military service on conscription.

Military training is included as an independent discipline in the curriculum of an educational institution. It consists of theoretical and practical training courses at the university, training camps held in a military unit, military educational institution, training center or training ground.

The total number of hours for military training, their distribution by type of occupation are determined by military training programs depending on the military specialty.

Training fees provided for in the reserve officer training program are considered military fees. During their passage, students are called cadets. The duration of training camps for all military specialties, with the exception of the specialties "Naval Aviation" and "Naval Aviation", is 30 days. For the military specialties "Navigation Aviation" and "Naval Aviation Aviation", training camps continue for 75 days.

During the period of military training, students take tests and exams, and after completing the entire curriculum, they take final exams, which are held in a military unit, training center or university and are accepted by an examination commission specially created for this. Students who successfully complete their training under the reserve officer training program are awarded officer ranks in the prescribed manner and are enlisted in the reserve. The conscription of these citizens for military service is carried out on the basis of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

Authors: Smirnov A.T., Shakhramanyan M.A., Durnev R.A., Kryuchek N.A.

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