Physiological bases of labor. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Physiological bases of labor. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

When used in production labor of women and adolescents it is necessary to take into account the anatomical and physiological features of their body.

In adolescence, there is an accelerated growth of the bones of the skeleton and muscles, especially the limbs, and at the same time - weakness of the ligamentous apparatus, faster muscle fatigue, deviations in the development of the respiratory organs and the gastrointestinal tract, imperfection of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. Therefore, in this case, professional selection and orientation are important, based on medical indicators and on an accurate clarification of the requirements of the labor process to the degree of functional stress of various physiological systems.

For persons aged 16-18, a reduced 36-hour work week has been established. The use of labor of adolescents in carrying heavy loads is limited: the mass of the transferred load should not exceed 4,1 kg.

Pronounced gender differences in the intensity of physiological functions, lower working capacity and labor productivity, the development of uncompensated fatigue at an earlier time, a significant frequency of violations in the implementation of specific functions are the basis for including gender gradations in the classification of the severity and intensity of labor. These gradations have been established for the effects of microclimate, chemicals, the effects of noise and vibration.

Often, the anatomical and physiological characteristics of women in an unsatisfactory working environment can contribute to the occurrence of gynecological diseases and affect the reproductive function of women. For working women, they regulate the limits for carrying and moving goods, introduce more favorable work and rest regimes, limit the use of women's labor at night, and establish for them a mode of work with part-time work or part-time work week.

The maximum weight of the load lifted and moved by women, subject to the alternation of this work with other types of work up to 2 times per hour, is 10 kg, and with constant lifting and moving of weights during the work shift - 7 kg.

Since the woman's body is especially vulnerable during pregnancy, there is a need to transfer women for a certain time to work that is not associated with the danger of exposure to difficult and harmful working conditions.

For all employees in enterprises, the following must be observed: temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, the nature of clothing, the intensity of work performed and the nature of heat generation in the workroom, taking into account the physiological characteristics of a person.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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