Tobacco smoke, its components, the impact on others. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Tobacco smoke, its components, the impact on others. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Smoking is a bad habit that consists in inhaling the smoke of smoldering tobacco and has a negative impact on the health of not only smokers, but also those around them.

Contained in tobacco smoke Nicotine almost instantly enters the bloodstream through the alveoli of the lungs. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains a large amount of combustion products of tobacco leaves and substances used in technological processing that have a harmful effect on the body: carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, essential oils and a concentrate of liquid and solid combustion products and dry distillation of tobacco, called tobacco tar. The latter contains about a hundred chemical compounds of substances, including a radioactive isotope of potassium, arsenic and a number of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons carcinogens, chemicals whose exposure to the body can cause cancer.

Tobacco has a harmful effect on the body of a passive smoker and, first of all, on the nervous system, depressing it. Tobacco causes inflammation of the nasopharynx, chronic bronchitis, lung function weakens under the influence of smoking, the process of exchanging carbon dioxide for oxygen becomes more difficult. In passive smokers, as a result of smoke entering the lungs, the blood in the alveolar capillaries, instead of being enriched with oxygen, is saturated with carbon monoxide, which, combining with hemoglobin, excludes part of the hemoglobin from the normal breathing process, and oxygen starvation occurs.

Because of this, first of all, the heart muscle suffers, the resistance of the lungs to various infectious diseases, in particular to tuberculosis, decreases. Thus, the danger from passive smoking is very real.

The smoke from a lit cigarette left in an ashtray or in the smoker's hand is not the smoke that the smoker inhales. The smoker inhales the smoke that is filtered in the cigarette, while the non-smoker inhales completely unfiltered smoke. This smoke contains 50 times more carcinogens, twice as much tar and nicotine, five times more carbon monoxide and 50 times more ammonia than smoke inhaled through a cigarette. For people working in highly smoky areas, secondhand smoke levels can reach the equivalent of 14 cigarettes a day.

There is strong evidence of an increase in lung cancer among non-smokers who live with smokers. Independent studies in the USA, Japan, Greece, Germany have shown that non-smoking spouses of smokers develop lung cancer two to three times more often than spouses of non-smokers.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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Nanovaccine will protect the brain from nicotine 09.05.2012

The anti-tobacco nanovaccine triggers an immune response in the body that is directed against nicotine and deprives the smoker of the desired sensations.

Boston-based Selecta Biosciences, a newly formed company, is developing a groundbreaking approach to cessation of tobacco dependence based on stimulating a long-term immune response against nicotine using a nanovaccine.

Obviously, nicotine is not a virus, but the company's specialists believe that it can be dealt with in the same way as a virus. The nanoparticles developed by them trigger the formation of specialized antibodies in the body that bind nicotine molecules. The size of the complexes that form as a result prevents them from penetrating the brain through the blood-brain barrier and, accordingly, from the formation of the sensations that smokers are addicted to.

Thus, the vaccine does not suppress the desire to smoke, but eliminates the effect experienced when smoking a cigarette. The goal of this vaccination, which lasts up to several years, is to stop smoking because it cannot suppress the sensations caused by nicotine addiction. At the same time, company vice president Peter Keller admits that smoking several cigarettes in a row can deplete the immune system and give the smoker a certain pleasure.

Last year, the anti-smoking nanovaccine successfully passed laboratory tests and is currently being tested on volunteers as part of a phase 1 clinical trial.

If successful, the company plans to develop nanovaccines against various diseases, including malaria. The advantage of vaccines, the active component of which is specially synthesized nanoparticles, lies in their low cost, achieved due to the ease of production of large quantities of nanoparticles.

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