Threats to information security of Russia. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Threats to information security of Russia. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

It should be noted that, although the problems of information security generated by informatization are global, for Russia they acquire special significance due to its geopolitical and economic position.

In the Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, approved by the President of the Russian Federation on September 9, 2000, information security threatscountries according to their general focus are divided into threats:

constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the field of information activities;
spiritual life of society;
information infrastructure;
information resources.

Threats to constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the field of information security can be:

adoption by public authorities of regulatory legal acts that infringe on the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens in the field of information activities;
creation of monopolies for the formation, receipt and dissemination of information in the Russian Federation, including through the use of telecommunication systems;
opposition, including by criminal structures, to the exercise by citizens of their constitutional rights to personal and family secrets, the secrecy of correspondence, telephone conversations and other communications, as well as the inefficient application of the existing legal framework in this area;
irrational, excessive restriction of access to socially necessary information;
violation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the field of mass media;
non-compliance by public authorities, organizations and citizens with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating relations in the information sphere.

Threats to the spiritual life of society can be:

the use of means of influencing the mass consciousness of citizens;
disorganization and destruction of the system of accumulation and preservation of cultural values, including archives;
restriction of access of citizens to open state information resources of state authorities, other socially significant information;
the decline of the spiritual, moral and creative potential of Russia;
manipulation of information (misinformation, concealment or distortion of information).

Threats to information infrastructure may be:

violation of the targeting and timeliness of information exchange, illegal collection and use of information;
violation of information processing technology;
introduction into hardware and software products of components that implement functions that are not provided for in the documentation for these products;
development and distribution of programs that disrupt the normal functioning of information and information and telecommunication systems, including information security systems;
destruction, damage, electronic suppression or destruction of means and systems for processing information, telecommunications and communications;
theft of software or hardware keys and means of cryptographic information protection;
interception of information in technical channels, its leakage that occurs during the operation of technical means of processing and storage, as well as during the transmission of information through communication channels;
the introduction of electronic devices for intercepting information in the technical means of processing, storing and transmitting information via communication channels, as well as in the office premises of state authorities and organizations;
destruction, damage, destruction or theft of machine and other storage media;
interception, decryption and imposition of false information in data networks, communication lines and mass media systems;
impact on password-key systems for protecting automated systems for processing and transmitting information;
purchase abroad of information technologies, means of informatization, telecommunications and communications, which have domestic analogues, which are not inferior in their characteristics to foreign models.

Threats to information resources can be:

activities of space, air, sea and ground technical means of reconnaissance of foreign states;
implementation of unauthorized access to information resources and their illegal use;
theft of information resources from libraries, archives, banks and databases;
violation of legal restrictions on the dissemination of information resources.

In his Address on National Security (June 13, 1996), the President of the Russian Federation determined the main threats to Russia in the information sphere in the following way:

internal - the country lagging behind the leading countries in terms of the level and pace of informatization, the lack of a clearly formulated information policy;
external - attempts to prevent Russia from participating on equal terms in international information exchange, interference and targeted penetration into the activities and development of the information infrastructure of the Russian Federation, the desire to reduce the use of the Russian language as an international means of communication and through this narrowing of the Russian information space.

These and other internal and external threats by means of influence (realizations) are divided into informational, software-mathematical, physical and organizational ones.

Information threats implemented through unauthorized access to information resources and their theft for the purpose of illegal use, negative manipulation of information (misinformation, distortion of information, its concealment), violation of information processing technology, etc.

Software and mathematical threats are implemented by introducing into hardware and software systems components that perform functions that are not described in the documentation for these systems and reduce the efficiency of their functioning, the development and distribution of programs (viruses, Trojan horses, etc.) that disrupt the normal functioning of systems, including information security systems.

Physical Threats associated with physical impact (destruction, damage, theft) on information systems and their elements, signal interception of information in transmission channels or in office premises, etc.

К organizational threats First of all, the weak legal framework for ensuring information security should be attributed. There is practically no legal support for information security at the regional level. The requirements of existing legislative acts (the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the laws of the Russian Federation "On Security", "On State Secrets", "On Information, Informatization and Information Protection", etc.) are not always met. The shortcomings of the legal system lead to the fact that a significant amount of information with limited access in the financial and exchange, tax, customs, foreign economic, housing and other areas in the form of specific databases is distributed by various commercial firms.

В information space from the position of information security, the most typical are two dangers:

1) control (extraction) of information resources of the state, i.e. actually information intelligence (espionage). The information space has been and remains the sphere of activity of numerous intelligence services. Today, information intelligence can be implemented in two ways: unauthorized penetration into information and control systems; in a legal way, due to the active participation of foreign companies in the creation of the information structure of Russia. At the same time, in addition to the negative consequences associated with the fact that the country's information resources are under the control of relevant foreign structures, direct damage is inflicted on the economy - domestic science and production are left without their own orders;

2) the threat of destruction or disorganization of information resources of elements of state structures. With the current level of information technology development, such impacts can be carried out even in peacetime. They are fraught with the destruction of valuable information for the state, its distortion or the introduction of negative information in order to disorganize or make wrong decisions at the appropriate level of government.

It occupies a special place computer network security, which allow you to combine and share a large amount of information resources on a local and global scale. Computer networks are becoming one of the main means of information communication. At the same time, their enormous capabilities conflict with the problem of ensuring information security. This circumstance must be taken into account when creating and developing both local and global computer networks. Thus, in the process of creating the Internet in the United States in January 1981, the Computer Security Center of the Department of Defense was created, in 1985 it was transformed into the National Computer Security Center and transferred to the National Security Agency.

An analysis of the above threats, the forms and methods of their impact on security objects in the information sphere, as well as the methods and means of combating these threats, allows us to assert that at present two directions are already beginning to crystallize in the theory and practice of information security, which can be identified (although rather conditionally) as information-psychological security and information protection.

Information and psychological security - the state of protection of citizens, individual groups and social strata of society, mass associations of people, the population as a whole from negative information and psychological influences carried out in the information space (more on this will be discussed later).

Data protection - ensuring information security (parrying threats to information infrastructure and information resources).

Currently, the most actively developed problems of information security: organizational, legal, technical and technological measures to prevent and repel threats to information resources and systems, eliminate their consequences. The theory of information security is being formed, methods and means of information security are being created and actively used in practice, specialists are being trained in a number of specialties and specializations, such as information security technology, integrated information security of automated systems, information security and protection, etc.

Authors: Gubanov V.M., Mikhailov L.A., Solomin V.P.

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