Atmosphere. Consequences of pollution. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Atmosphere. Consequences of pollution. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Major pollutants the atmosphere are industrial enterprises (especially metallurgical, chemical plants), as well as thermal power plants, transport of all types (especially automobile - heavy duty, running on diesel fuel). Most of the emissions into the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (CO₂). Currently, only about 1 ton of carbon per person per year enters the atmosphere from thermal power engineering alone; according to the forecasts of ecologists, in the first half of the 10st century, the total volume of this gas emission will reach XNUMX billion tons. The main anthropogenic source of CO₂ into the atmosphere is the combustion of carbonaceous fuels (coal, oil, fuel oil, methane, propane, etc.). In addition to carbon dioxide, a significant amount of sulfur and nitrogen oxides enters the atmosphere with emissions from various enterprises, and their total amount, on a planetary scale, reaches more than 250 million tons.

When sulfur and nitrogen oxides interact with atmospheric moisture, nitric and sulfuric acids are formed, which leads to acid rain (pH 5,0). Ecologists have found that when acid rain falls in soils, the solubility of minerals increases sharply, in particular, aluminum is released from them, which is poisonous in free form. Further, with acid rain, other heavy metal compounds, nitrates, are formed.

In dry and calm weather, with significant air pollution by various emissions from enterprises and vehicles in large cities, smog is formed. Smog causes exacerbation of respiratory diseases, eye irritation, deterioration of physical condition due to general poisoning of the body with carcinogens in the air. At the same time, in some cases, due to smog poisoning, a fatal outcome is observed. For example, in 1995 in London, more than 4000 people died from smog in two weeks. In Russia, smog occurs in Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo and other large industrial centers. According to environmental experts, 70% of Russia's population (more than 100 million people) live in areas with an air polluted with 5-10 MPC of highly active toxic substances. Air pollutant emissions of various types also lead to the greenhouse effect.

The gases released into the atmosphere (CO₂, SO₂, I have not₂, CH₄ and etc.). Called greenhouse, they act like glass in a greenhouse: they freely pass solar radiation to the Earth, but delay thermal radiation from the earth's surface. As a result, its surface temperature rises, weather and climate change. The greenhouse effect is understood as a constant increase in the global temperature of the planet as a result of changes in the heat balance due to the gradual accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As a result of this effect, desertification of lands occurs, the repetition of droughts in many regions of the Earth becomes more frequent. The greenhouse effect in some cases leads to the provocation of heat stroke in humans.

Author: Muradova E.O.

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