Occupational hazards of the working environment. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Occupational hazards of the working environment. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Occupational hazards - factors of the labor process and the working environment that have a direct or indirect adverse effect on the state of health and performance of a person, which, under certain conditions, can cause occupational diseases or exacerbation of general diseases.

Industrial hazards may be the result of insufficient knowledge of technology in terms of sanitary and hygienic terms, especially with the use of newly synthesized substances that have pronounced toxic and allergenic properties, and to a certain extent, violations of the technological regime and sanitary standards.

Occupational hazards associated with technological processes in production include: dust, noise, vibration, high and low temperatures, high relative humidity, high or low atmospheric pressure, toxic and radioactive substances, sources of ionizing, ultraviolet and other radiation, electromagnetic waves , microorganisms, etc.

Industrial hazards can be associated with the labor process - its organization, intensity and duration.

Occupational diseases can occur as a result of physical, chemical and biological factors. For example, when working in conditions of high atmospheric pressure (in caissons), if the transition from high atmospheric pressure to normal is not gradual enough, the so-called caisson disease develops. Constant production noise and vibration often cause the development of hearing loss and vibration disease. Prolonged inhalation of some types of dust leads to the development of pneumoconiosis or other lung diseases. Contact with radioactive substances and exposure to ionizing radiation can cause radiation sickness. The action of chemicals on the body may be accompanied by intoxication, leading to the development of occupational diseases, for example, in case of poisoning with industrial poisons. Skin diseases can also occur: eczema, dermatitis caused by irritants.

The influence of low-range ultrasound, used in industry or produced as a by-product in production conditions, on the human body is due to its action not only in the contact zone, but also on the entire surface of the body, including the organ of hearing and the vestibular apparatus. Prolonged, repeatedly repeated exposure to ultrasound can have a depressing effect, which is manifested by weakness, drowsiness, and decreased performance.

Occupational hazards can cause a decrease in working capacity, the development of acute and chronic poisoning and diseases, an increase in general morbidity, and negative long-term consequences.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko N.V.

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