Protection from energy influences. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Protection from energy influences. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

When solving problems protection from energy influences allocate a source, a receiver of energy and a protective device that reduces the flow of energy to the receiver to acceptable levels.

Protective device has the ability to reflect, absorb, be transparent with respect to the flow of energy and is characterized by energy absorption coefficients, reflections, transmission coefficient. Therefore, the following principles of protection can be distinguished:

1) protection is carried out due to the reflectivity of protective devices;

2) protection is carried out due to the absorption capacity of the protective device;

3) protection is carried out taking into account the transparency properties of protective devices.

In practice, the principles are usually combine, receiving various methods of protection (in particular, isolation and absorption).

Isolation Methods are used when the source and receiver of energy, which is simultaneously the object of protection, are located on different sides of the protective device. These methods are based on reducing the transparency of the medium between the source and the receiver. In this case, two main methods of isolation can be distinguished: a decrease in the transparency of the medium is achieved due to the absorption of energy or due to the high reflectivity of the protective device.

At the heart absorption methods lies the principle of increasing the flow of energy passed into the protective device. There are two types of energy absorption by a protective device: energy absorption by the protective device itself due to its selection from the source in one form or another, including in the form of irreversible losses, and energy absorption due to the high transparency of the protective device.

For example, when exposed to such a hazard factor as vibration, inertia, friction, elasticity and forcing forces act in the vibrosystem. Used for vibration protection vibration isolation method, when a vibration isolator with a low transmission coefficient is installed between the vibration source and its receiver, which is also the object of protection.

Vibration protection by absorption methods is carried out in the form dynamic damping and vibration absorption. In the first case, the vibration energy is absorbed by a protective device that takes the vibration energy from the source onto itself (there is an inertial dynamic vibration damper). A protective device that increases energy dissipation by increasing the dissipative properties of the system is called a vibration absorber. It is possible to combine these two properties at the same time using dynamic vibration dampers with friction.

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