Soldering without overheating. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Soldering without overheating. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies

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It is hardly necessary to explain to the equipment designer that high-quality soldering can be obtained only in a narrow temperature range of the soldering iron tip. In addition, the plastic handles of modern soldering irons often melt when they overheat, from which the soldering iron casing first becomes loose and then falls out of the handle altogether, threatening "corresponding troubles." There are various ways to limit the temperature of the soldering iron:

passive - switching on in series with a soldering iron an incandescent lamp, a powerful resistor or diode;
active - power supply of the soldering iron through a power (voltage) regulator on thyristors, powerful transistors, etc.

The proposed step voltage regulator for powering the soldering iron does not claim to be original, but allows you to select the desired temperature of the tip by simple means and carry out its standby power in the pause between soldering. The principle of operation of the device is based on a half-wave rectification of the alternating voltage, followed by an increase in the direct voltage on the "storage" capacitors of the smoothing filter.

Soldering without overheating

In the initial state, the soldering iron connected to the device is turned off, since the SA1 switch is in the middle (neutral) position. To quickly warm up the soldering iron, switch SA1 is moved to the upper position according to the scheme, i.e. connect the soldering iron directly to the network. Then SA1 is transferred to the lower position, and the soldering iron is powered only from the positive half-waves of the alternating voltage (standby mode). From this position, the soldering iron heats up to operating temperature in ten seconds after turning on the SA2 and SA3 toggle switches.

Soldering of small parts is carried out with SA2 on (closed) and SA3 off. More massive parts are soldered with SA3 on and SA2 off. For soldering even larger parts, both toggle switches are closed - SA2 and SA3. The voltage on the soldering iron is:

without capacitor C1 - 110 V;
with capacitor C1 -130 ... 140V;
with SA2 on - 140, and 60 V;
with SA3 on - 160...180 V;
when SA2 and BAZ are on - 180...200 V.

These voltages depend both on the power of the soldering iron used, and on the actual capacitance of the capacitors C1 ... C3 and the voltage in the network. In case of insufficient voltage (for example, e of a heavily overloaded network), instead of one diode, a diode bridge is installed, and after it, a set of capacitors.

The device can use diodes designed for a reverse voltage of at least 400 V and a current of 3 A, capacitors - with an operating voltage of 350 ... 450 V. The P1T-2 toggle switch with an average neutral position is used as SA2. You can also use a conventional three-position switch. SA2 and SA3 are ordinary single-pole toggle switches, for example, TV2-1. The number of switched capacitors can be increased so that the combination of their inclusion more accurately sets the tip temperature.

The device is mounted in a soldering iron stand. I use it as a stand for a handset from one of the old radio stations. Its advantages: the presence of a closed "basement", in which you can place the details of the device, and good thermal stability of the insulating material from which the stand is made.

On one side wall of the stand there is a switch SA1 and toggle switches SA2 and SA3, on the opposite side there are sockets for connecting a soldering iron. To protect the device when the soldering iron closes at the output, I recommend installing a 2 A fuse.

Author: V.Besedin, UA9LAQ, Tyumen

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