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Star explodes supernovae

20.08.2012

Astrophysicist Stella Kafka and colleagues at the Carnegie Institute of Science in Washington published in the latest issue of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society a report that she had solved the long-standing mystery of la supernovae and figured out which star provokes these explosions.

Type 1a supernovae are very powerful stellar explosions. From them, astronomers determine the distances in the universe and the rate of its expansion. According to the generally accepted theory, a type 1a supernova is an explosion of a white dwarf in close proximity to another star. The dwarf is constantly pulling matter from its neighbor, and when its mass reaches 1,4 solar masses, a thermonuclear explosion occurs and a type 1a supernova is born. However, how exactly the "neighbor" should look like has still remained unknown - too many types of stars would have to be sorted out for this.

The Carnegie Institution Observatory gave scientists a little clue - once a sodium line was detected in the spectrum of a supernova explosion 1a. This could mean that the partner star had sodium in its composition. Such a limitation sharply narrowed the circle of searches, however, according to Kafka, determining the type of the second planet continued to be tantamount to looking for a needle in a haystack.

Kafka's team was lucky - quite quickly they found a pair in the sky, consisting of a white dwarf and a "sodium" star. This star belongs to a rather rare type of giant and very bright luminaries, from which white dwarfs take matter at a very high speed. Sodium is formed in the course of thermonuclear reactions occurring in the atmosphere of such stars, and therefore is easily "assimilated" by a white dwarf, passing to it along with the stellar wind. This pair, Kafka believes, will soon explode, leaving behind a specific sodium signature. However, how soon this will happen is still unknown.

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