Wing under water. Drawing, description

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Wing under water. Tips for a modeler

Modeling

It would seem, what could be better than a propeller! It has been faithfully serving man for decades, moving a wide variety of ships, ranging from a simple pleasure aquaped to giant supertankers. Well-developed theory and calculation methods allow you to accurately select the propeller for any designed vessel.

But this widespread and well-researched mover has worthy rivals. This is a water cannon, and a propeller, and a vane propeller. And more recently, French inventors have proposed an unusual mechanism - a hydropulse. Laboratory experiments have shown that the thrust developed by it is greater than that of propellers of the same power. So far, there is no data on the use of a hydropulse at high speeds, but the authors believe that in this it will not yield to the "grandfather" propeller. In favor of the new invention is the fact that, in addition to the construction of an experimental boat, one of the enterprises of the Renault company plans to manufacture a vessel with this device and a 300 kW engine.

Wing under water

What is a hydropulse? This is a rectangular channel in which a vertically moving rod alternately presses the wing-shaped plate either against the upper or lower wall. It is pivotally suspended on one third of the chord from the toe of the profile. At the rear of the channel, dampers are provided to protect against hard impact, and along the leading edge they are "stretched" along the entire length, thus performing the functions of a seal.

Let us now imagine that the wing, which occupies the entire area of the horizontal section of the channel, is pressed against its upper wall. The rod starts to push down. Due to the discrepancy between the suspension point of the plate and its middle, the leading edge will first begin to move away from the "ceiling". Water is sucked into the resulting gap. After the trailing edge is separated from the upper wall, the wing moves down with a constant angle of attack relative to the oncoming flow. A traction force is created, depending on the force applied to the rod and on the angle of attack. Then the leading edge meets the lower wall of the channel, and water is ejected from the gap that is open backwards. Finally, the entire plate rests on the bottom surface. The stem begins to rise, and the same cycle repeats.

Wing under water
Rice. 1. Propeller design: 1 - kakala casing, 2 - wing drive rod, 3 - wing, 4 - rear damper, 5 - front band damper

Wing under water
Rice. Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the operation of the hydropulse: A - the initial phase, B - the leading edge of the wing moves away from the channel wall, and water is sucked into the gap formed, C - the wing moves down, driving water back, D - the wing with its leading edge lies on the channel wall and squeezes out water from the gap, D is the final phase, at the same time it is the beginning of the next cycle

As can be seen from the description, thrust is generated in each phase of wing movement. There are two components: hydrodynamic thrust, when the same laws come into force as during the operation of the propeller, and thrust obtained when water is sucked in and ejected by the "channel - wing" volumetric pump.

Pay attention to the height and area of the channel compared to the diameter and area of the screw disk. After all, the height of the channel (diameter of the screw) determines an important parameter - the draft of the vessel. It is clear that the hydropulse can occupy the entire width of the stern. With the same draft, it would be necessary to install several propellers, while maintaining the same cross section of the ejected water jet. The advantage of the new device is that it has a high adaptability, since it is possible to change the area of the wings and their number without radical alterations of the mover. For ship propellers of this diameter, the possibility of changing their parameters is much less.

And any designer or technologist will confirm to you that the manufacture of a hydropulse does not require such complex and precise machines as for propellers.

And from the point of view of safety, the new mover, outwardly representing a fixed box, will cause much less trouble when meeting it in the water than a rotating propeller.

When maneuvering to change the direction of thrust to the opposite, you can use either a descending deflector, or a turn of the channel by 180, or an additional reverse rod, which, if necessary, presses the trailing edge of the wing to the lower wall of the channel. The direction of movement of the vessel can be controlled by a conventional steering wheel or by turning the entire device to the required angle around the vertical axis. It should be noted that the hydropulse, unlike the outboard motor, allows a 360° turn.

Wing under water
Rice. 3. Two options for reversing thrust: A - using a descending deflector, B - using an additional rod

Wing under water
Rice. 4. The layout of the boat model with a hydropulse: 1 - batteries, 2 - switch, 3 - electric motor, 4 gearbox, 5 - crank mechanism, 6 - hydropulse, 7 - rudder

On models, a drive from an internal combustion engine or an electric motor using a connecting rod engaged with a rod can be recommended. With small wing sizes, it is easier to do without a gearbox. The installation is very well assembled with a reciprocating steam engine. In this case, there is no need to introduce connecting links: the steam engine piston is rigidly attached to the rod.

For those who are interested in this article, we advise you to think about what type of vessel would be most suitable for installing the described device on it. Maybe a catamaran? Here you can use the entire overall width of the ship, and the inlet of the channel will not be obscured by the hull going ahead.

If you build a working model with a "hydropulse" propulsion device, write to us. All readers will be interested to know about the results of your experiment.

Author: V.Ivanov

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