Growing mushrooms at home. Drawing, description

TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
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Growing mushrooms at home. Drawing, description

Tools and mechanisms for agriculture

Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture

It's nice to try fresh mushrooms in cold January. You can collect them at any time of the year if you build a champignon. Outwardly, this is a two-wing cabinet measuring 2290x2130x1035 mm, which can be installed, say, in a large hallway.

The cabinet is designed as a thermostat - with walls and doors made of heat-insulating panels. Their bearing surface is 12 mm plywood, in the middle there is a layer of foam plastic 100 mm thick, from the inside there is a self-adhesive film or oilcloth. For rigidity, the thermostat is edged with a steel corner 25x25x3 mm. From the same corner, the edging of the wings is also assembled.

The inside of the cabinet is a rack (it is also a supporting frame), assembled from 10 vertical and 24 horizontal wooden bars with a section of 100x50 and 50x30 mm: piano hinges for sashes are attached to the side vertical bars.

Polyethylene boxes with a size of 700x400x260 mm with mushroom mycelium and a substrate - specially prepared soil - are pushed along the guide bars into the depth of the cabinet, so that 50 mm gaps are formed in front and behind them for air circulation.

For the development of mycelium in the substrate, the first two to three weeks in the cabinet maintain a temperature of 18-27 °, and humidity - 90-95% (in the absence of ventilation). Then, during the fruiting period, the temperature is reduced to 11-17 °, and humidity to 85-90 ° (with good natural ventilation).

Home mushroom (click to enlarge): 1 - leg, 2 - transverse corner (25x25x3 mm), 4 - guide bar, 5 - box with mycelium, 6 - cabinet wall, 16, 7 - vertical bars, 8 - flexible ventilation sleeve, 9 - gate, 10 - ventilation pipe, 11 - refrigeration unit, 12 - time relay, 13 - fan, 14 - portable lamp, 15 - thermostat, 17 - psychrometer, 18 - heating lamps, 19 - plug, 20 - handle, 21 - substrate, 22 - elongated bars, 23 - pallet with water, 24 - longitudinal corner of the bottom, 25 - ventilation gap, 26 - vertical corners of the edging of the sashes, 27 - sash, 28 - film curtain, 29 - piano loop, 30 - plywood, 31 - foam, XNUMX - self-adhesive film

Maintaining the set parameters is impossible without control and monitoring devices. Therefore, the champignon is equipped with a unit from the Sever refrigerator, a heater (electric lamps, the flasks of which are painted black), a thermostat, a psychrometer, a time relay and a fan (for mixing air in the cabinet). In addition, a portable lamp with a green bulb is used to inspect and care for mushrooms. So that the temperature regime is not violated, the opening of the champignon is draped with black plastic wrap. She hangs behind the doors with a large allowance.

To increase the humidity in the cabinet, water trays are installed under the drawers of the first tier. Fresh air enters through openings at the bottom and roof. The first, at the bottom right, is closed with a cork d 120 mm with a handle; the second, at the top left, is equipped with a tin pipe d 120 mm with a gate valve and a flexible sleeve connected to a ventilation window near the hallway ceiling. The sleeve is made of two wire spirals wound one on top of the other and covered with a vinyl chloride film.

The total area of the boxes is 3,36 m2. With a yield of 4-8 kg of mushrooms per 1 m2, the owner of a mushroom plant can receive up to about 20 kg of delicacy products. And there can be four or five such crops a year!

The "used" substrate is an excellent fertilizer, it is used to improve the quality of the soil in the beds.

Author: K.Kruglikov

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