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TOOLS AND MECHANISMS FOR AGRICULTURE
Motoblock with cutters. Drawing, description
Directory / Tools and mechanisms for agriculture The proposed walk-behind tractor differs from many home-made designs by using cutters instead of a plow. Rotating on the working shaft, they simultaneously cultivate the soil, serve as supporting elements and propulsion. It only takes a few minutes to change them to wheels. Then it is easy to hang a disc mower, a bulldozer knife on the walk-behind tractor, attach a plow, hiller, harrow or a two-wheeled dump truck with a load capacity of 300 kg, equipped with brakes. With the help of a special device, you can process strawberry beds, transport logs. The weight of the walk-behind tractor with a full refueling of fuel is 72 kg (for comparison: MTZ-05 weighs 135 kg), there are three gears, the speed is 4-25 km / h. One hundred square meters can be plowed with this machine in 12-15 minutes at a working depth of up to 230 mm. The motoblock used an engine from the Vyatka scooter, which has air cooling, and forced, which allows it to work for a long time with maximum loads. Minor alterations relate to the clutch lever, carburetor, engine start system, and gearbox. So, for ease of control, the clutch lever is turned 180 °: a finger was sawn off from its rod at the very base, transferred to the other side of the rod and welded here. This made it possible to put the clutch handle under the left hand and reduce the length of the transmission cable. The carburetor pipe connecting it to the engine is turned in such a way that the carburetor is as low as possible in relation to the gas tank: after all, fuel flows to it by gravity. Kickstarter lever removed. The launch is carried out with the help of a nylon cord wound around a home-made clockwork duralumin pulley Ø 120 mm. It is installed in a casing on the fan axis next to the latter. To secure the cord, the knot at its end is inserted into an inclined groove on the pulley shoulder. A control lever with a length of slightly more than 400 mm is welded to the gear sector in the box, which allows you to switch speeds while being directly behind the handles of the carrier. When installing the sector in place (on the axis) after welding, pay attention to the fact that the lever must initially be in the neutral position. The frame of the walk-behind tractor is welded and is a quadrilateral (600x210 mm) made of box sections of rectangular section 27X25 2 mm; the back is closed. From below, a transmission box with a clip of the main assembly, supported by an emphasis, departs from it. An engine bracket is welded to the frame from above, a power take-off shaft clamp clamp is bolted together with a gas tank rack. The collar is made of a steel plate 23 mm wide and 3 mm thick; holes for M10 bolts are drilled at its ends. Engine bracket made of two steel strips 32x4 mm One is bent into a U-shaped profile; in the center of it is a cutout 23X10 mm for the engine bolt; the other - reinforcing - is welded to it in the upper part from the inside.
In the left view, two cutters are conventionally not shown.
Transmission box - welded. Its base is made of metal strips 40x4 mm, the cheeks are of a somewhat more complex configuration with holes and cutouts. With its upper end, it is welded to the corner of the frame, moving away from it with an inclination at an angle of 35 °. Therefore, the cheeks are cut differently here: from one edge at an angle of 35 °, from the other - at an angle of 53 °. A sector with a radius of 48 mm is cut out at the reaping end of the box for the holder of the main shaft. In the right cheek (when viewed from the front of the walk-behind tractor), three holes are drilled for M6 bolts for attaching the output shaft adjustment board (during assembly). Due to the need to adjust the position of the output shaft and the chain tension during assembly and operation, an elliptical hole for the shaft is provided. In addition, a tetrahedral gun M10 is welded here; an adjusting bolt of the board with a lock nut is screwed into it. The left cheek, unlike the right cheek, has a larger elliptical hole. This is necessary to put the chain on the sprockets, tighten the board bolts from the inside of the box and allow lubrication and inspection of the nodes. The hole is closed with a cover on ten M5 bolts. In a word, the box is the subframe part of the structure, the main parts of the transmission are attached to it. The transfer of forces from the engine to the working body of the walk-behind tractor occurs as follows. An asterisk with a number of teeth = 11 is placed on the power take-off shaft. The intermediate shaft has two sprockets with Z = 41 and with Z = 11: the latter is brought into the box and is leading in relation to the working shaft, on which there is another one with Z = 15. The chains - there are two of them - are taken with a step of 12,7 mm. With the help of an intermediate wool, the force transferred to it is "transferred" to the central plane of the unit, as well as a decrease in the number of revolutions. The shaft itself rotates in two bearings packed in a metal case, the latter, in turn, is welded to the adjustment board. Having three special holes for mounting bolts on the box, the board can move along it, adjusting the chain tension: it is fixed with an adjusting nut bolt on the cheek. The inner bearing is installed in the housing so that it partially enters the central hole of the board. words about the order of assembly of this unit First, an external bearing is pressed into the housing and a shaft is inserted. Then the inner bearing is put in place and a board is put on its remaining free part. Carefully, intermittently, so as not to overheat the parts of the assembly, it is steamed to the body and bolted to the box. Finally, the box is welded to the frame with the upper ends of the cheeks. Pay attention to the fact that between the frame and the PTO sprocket with Z=41 it is necessary to leave a gap of 15 mm for the free play of the chain. The main shaft assembly is assembled in approximately the same way, that is, they start by pressing the bearing into the cage, insert the shaft, fix the sprocket on the key and install the second bearing. After the clip is closed with lids, they begin to weld it with the cheeks, and then, after carefully checking them for parallelism, the box tapes are welded to them. Such an order of assembly operations must be observed so that the metal of the individual parts does not lead during welding and their displacement relative to each other does not occur. A few words about the chassis and working bodies. As already mentioned, replacing cutters with wheels is a matter of minutes, you just need to remove the hubs of the cutters and put on the hubs with wheels. Each of them consists of a sleeve, a flange and four fingers: their connection to each other is welded. The pins are threaded for nuts for fixing the wheel disk on them. In addition, holes Ø10 mm are drilled in the bushings - the same ones are available at the ends of the working shaft: when the hubs with wheels are put on the shaft, these holes are aligned and a check is inserted into them.
The hub of the cutters has two flanges on the sleeve: external and internal; one is rotated by 45° relative to the other. The bottoms are placed on both sides of the flanges in pairs, parallel to each other, with a "point" in different directions, fastened with M10 bolts. In total, 16 cutters made of metal strips 5 mm thick rotate on the working shaft. The hubs of the cutters are also put on the working shaft and secured with checks. It is better to assemble the walk-behind tractor, observing the following order. The frame with components and parts welded to it is mounted on wheels and fixed in a horizontal position with the help of a crutch. The engine is placed on top so that the power take-off shaft sprocket and the intermediate shaft sprocket are in the same vertical plane and the transmission chain can freely pass between them and the frame. Therefore, the groove in the bracket for the engine mounting stud is cut out after such a "fitting". Then a rack with a clamp is installed (in place), both chains are put on and their tension is adjusted. They put a casing on the primary gear (the box covers are carefully closed so that earth and dust do not get into the transmission), connect the gas tank, ignition system devices. If, when working on wet ground, on viscous soil, the walk-behind tractor with wheels will slip, make circular lugs that, if necessary, can be put on the wheels. To do this, two rings are welded from wire Ø8-10 and a length of 1287 mm (for the wheels of the Vyatka scooter). Between them, 12 arcs of hooks are welded, made in the form of segments from a metal strip (15-20 wide and 3-5 mm thick) with an inner radius of 120 mm, and also - anywhere in the ring - put a coupler or an M8 bolt with a nut. Having sawed off a small piece of wire under the screed, we will be able to adjust the tension of the lugs for removing or, conversely, fixing them on the wheel. Author: G.Kuznetsov
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