Jeans. History of invention and production

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Jeans. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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Jeans - an item of casual wear (trousers) made of thick cotton fabric, with riveted seams on the pockets. First made in 1853 by Levi Strauss as work clothes for farmers, the so-called rednecks.

Jeans
Jeans

Initially, jeans were made from hemp canvas of English or American production, which became much cheaper due to the decline of the sailing fleet. It is thanks to this material that jeans have gained fame as exceptionally durable clothing. Subsequently, hemp was replaced by cotton, and by the beginning of the "denim revolution" in world fashion (1960s), hemp fabric was no longer used in their production.

The classic story of the invention of jeans goes something like this: Levi Strauss, who arrived in San Francisco in the 1850s during the California gold rush, invented durable pants with pockets made from indigo-colored canvas for prospectors. In fact, this story is a pure myth.

In 1845, at the age of 16, Leb Strauss, a native of Bavaria, with his mother and two sisters, descended to American soil in New York, where two older brothers met the family. Loeb soon changed his name to Levy and became actively involved in the brothers' family business - the trade in manufactory. With the onset of the California gold rush, Levi decided to move to San Francisco, where in 1853 he founded Levi Strauss (renamed Levi Strauss & Co. 10 years later). He was not going to wash gold, but he well understood that the miners would need fabrics for clothes, tents, wagons. Therefore, Levi took up the trade in manufactured goods. By the 1870s he was already a famous person in San Francisco.

Jeans
Levi 501 classic jeans label

Here another person comes into play - Jacob Davis. Born in Riga in 1831, he moved to America in 1854. Fate threw him around different cities of the USA and Canada, until he finally, having gone bankrupt a couple of times along the way, settled in the town of Reno, Nevada, where he opened a small sewing workshop, the main product of which was tarpaulin for vans and tents. In 1870, one of the clients complained to Davis that her husband's "trousers are not enough" - they wear out quickly, and offered him $ 3 for the manufacture of especially durable working trousers from canvas. Because strength was a concern, Davies decided to reinforce the corners of the pockets with copper rivets, which were usually used to fasten horse harness. The decision turned out to be successful.

The wear resistance of the design was so great that customers poured into Davis: over the next 18 months, he sold more than 200 "riveted" pants (first from canvas, then from softer French fabric, on the rolls of which was written Serge de Nime, gold miners called it "denim "). Other tailors began to use the design as well, and Davis decided to patent it. But he did not need a patent for the sake of a patent, and he decided to attract an investor to start his business. And then, in 1872, he wrote to his permanent supplier of fabrics. That supplier was Levi Strauss.

After receiving a letter from Davis, where the inventor described the "riveted" design, as well as the success of the product, Levi Strauss was infected with his enthusiasm. He was particularly impressed by the price of the pants, which Davis was selling for $3 a pair - for work clothes, this price was unusually high, indicating that there was a high demand. In a reply letter, Levi Strauss invited Davis to take over the production of studded pants, making him his companion.

On May 20, 1873, the partners received a patent number 139121 for "Improvement in fastening pockets." This is how jeans were born (the name comes from a fabric resembling denim, but less dense), which in the XNUMXth century became a real American icon, a symbol of freedom and independence.

Author: S.Apresov

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