Wrench. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Wrench. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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An adjustable wrench is a tool used to turn nuts, bolts, and other parts. A kind of open-end wrench, in which the clearance of the jaws (wrench size) can smoothly change over a wide range. A wrench is usually understood as a wrench in which one of the jaws is set in motion by a worm - the most commonly used type of wrench today.
Made from chrome vanadium or tool steel.

Adjustable wrench

On June 2, 1998, Bahco produced the 100 millionth adjustable wrench. And in total, more than 40 million pieces of such instruments are produced annually.

Johan Petter Johansson was born in 1853 to a farmer's family in the vicinity of the Swedish town of Vorgård. The fate of the eldest of six children is not easy: when the boy grew up, he began to help with the housework, and later got a job as an assistant operator of a steam engine at a peat factory. When he was 19 years old, he left his father's house and went in search of a better life. After working for a year as a laborer, Johan joined the military, after which he went to Eskilstuna, where he found a job at the Munktells factory, which produced agricultural machines. However, the young man did not work there for long - in 1878 he moved to Westeros, where he first worked in a mechanical workshop, and then as a blacksmith on a nearby farm.

Johansson planned to leave for the USA, but just at that time he was offered a job as a mechanic at the Munktells factory. In 1886 he moved to Enkoping, where he founded his own business - a mechanical workshop, which quickly gained popularity among the locals.

Often Johansson had to travel to nearby farms to repair various agricultural machinery. At the same time, he was forced to carry with him, in addition to other tools, a lot of wrenches. At the end of the XNUMXth century in Sweden, no one thought about standardizing the size of nuts, so for each one they had to choose their own, most suitable wrench. Johansson decided that this approach was fundamentally wrong. "Let's take a hand," he reasoned. "After all, a person does not change it every time he needs to take some thing - small or large."

It was the principle of the human hand that was the basis of Johansson's first serious invention - the key, to which he himself gave the name "Iron Hand" in 1888. Almost unchanged, this tool has survived to this day as a pipe wrench. However, he had a serious drawback: when unscrewing the rusted nuts, he simply tore off their edges.

Adjustable wrench
Pipe wrench

However, back in 1843, the British engineer Richard Clyburn patented his version of the adjustable wrench. He used a massive rifled bolt along the handle. However, such a tool seemed to Johansson inconvenient - the head and handle of the English key were too massive and did not allow working in hard-to-reach places. Based on the Clyburn key, Johansson modified it and in 1891 received a patent for a tool that we now call an adjustable wrench. Word of the new tool quickly spread among mechanics, and Johansson began to receive many orders.

In 1892, the inventor organized a small production and entered into a cooperation agreement with a large engineering company BA Hjort & Co (Bahco) from Stockholm, to which he later (in 1914) sold his share. The company has survived to this day and still produces the "original" - adjustable wrenches, which in many countries (including Russia) are traditionally called Swedish.

Author: S.Apresov

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