Pneumatic tires. History of invention and production

Free technical library

HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
Free library / Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Pneumatic tires. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Comments on the article

Pneumatic tire - one of the most important elements of the wheel, which is an elastic rubber-metal-fabric shell mounted on the rim of the disc. The tire ensures the contact of the vehicle with the roadway, is designed to absorb minor vibrations caused by the imperfection of the road surface, to compensate for the error in the wheel trajectories, to implement and perceive forces.

Pneumatic tires

The main materials for the production of modern tires are rubber, which is made from natural and synthetic rubbers, and cord. Cord fabric can be made from metal threads (metal cord), polymeric and textile threads.

The tire consists of: carcass, belt layers, tread, bead and side part.

Pneumatic tires
Tire structure: 1 - tread; 2 - shoulder part; 3 - frame; 4 - side part (tire wing); 5 - breaker and cushion layer; 6 - additional insert in the shoulder area (green); 7 - side ring; 8 - side part

As horse-drawn carriages were replaced by cars and trucks and speeds increased, the need for smoother roads and less vertical oscillation became more apparent, and pneumatic tires were developed to reduce the apparently excessive stiffness.

The idea of John Dunlop to inflate tires with air was not original, but he proposed it only at the right time - at the time of the birth of the automotive industry.

Edinburgh engineer Robert Thompson set out to make travel on 1845th-century roads more comfortable. The main share of vehicles at that time were horse-drawn carts on wooden or metal wheels. In XNUMX, Thompson proposed to inflate hollow rubber tires protected by a leather cover with air. Tests showed that these "air wheels" (Aerial Wheels) effectively smoothed out bumps in the roads, but they were expensive and scarce: rubber had just appeared. For this reason, another of Thompson's inventions, solid tires made from vulcanized rubber, became popular. Inflatable wheels were forgotten for a long time - at that time there was simply no commercial need for them.

In the late 1880s, another Scot, veterinarian John Dunlop, who practiced in Belfast, Ireland, became interested in the same problem. He did not set himself such global goals as Thompson, his interest was more personal. In 1888, his son, who had just recovered from a severe cold, was prescribed cycling by a doctor.

It cannot be said that the boy was very comfortable: bumps and bumps were practically not smoothed out by the molded rubber tires of the tricycle. Dunlop glued the edges of a wide rubber band, tied the resulting tube to the wheel rim with cloth tape (which also increased traction and protected the rubber) and pumped it up with a soccer ball pump.

The design turned out to be very successful, Dunlop patented it (however, three years later they tried to cancel the patent in connection with the discovery of Thompson's patent) and even persuaded a small local company, W. Edlin & Co. to equip its bicycles with pneumatic (it was Dunlop who first used this term in relation to wheels) tires. However, at first, the new tires were not particularly successful and even earned the contemptuous nickname "pudding wheels" - people are accustomed to "hard contact" with the road.

However, once the skeptics took a ride, the opinion changed dramatically. And after local cyclist Willie Hume won the Cherryvale cycling race in 1889, the invention attracted everyone's attention. And not only among cyclists - the inventors and designers of the newly appeared self-running carriages - cars paid attention to pneumatic tires.

Established with the help of local paper manufacturer William Harvey du Cros, Dublin's first tire factory was named the Dunlop Pneumatic Tire Co. The Dunlop brand has survived to this day - however, as an integral part of another famous company - Goodyear.

Author: S.Apresov

We recommend interesting articles Section The history of technology, technology, objects around us:

▪ Pottery

▪ Can-opener

▪ Dental floss

See other articles Section The history of technology, technology, objects around us.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Artificial leather for touch emulation 15.04.2024

In a modern technology world where distance is becoming increasingly commonplace, maintaining connection and a sense of closeness is important. Recent developments in artificial skin by German scientists from Saarland University represent a new era in virtual interactions. German researchers from Saarland University have developed ultra-thin films that can transmit the sensation of touch over a distance. This cutting-edge technology provides new opportunities for virtual communication, especially for those who find themselves far from their loved ones. The ultra-thin films developed by the researchers, just 50 micrometers thick, can be integrated into textiles and worn like a second skin. These films act as sensors that recognize tactile signals from mom or dad, and as actuators that transmit these movements to the baby. Parents' touch to the fabric activates sensors that react to pressure and deform the ultra-thin film. This ... >>

Petgugu Global cat litter 15.04.2024

Taking care of pets can often be a challenge, especially when it comes to keeping your home clean. A new interesting solution from the Petgugu Global startup has been presented, which will make life easier for cat owners and help them keep their home perfectly clean and tidy. Startup Petgugu Global has unveiled a unique cat toilet that can automatically flush feces, keeping your home clean and fresh. This innovative device is equipped with various smart sensors that monitor your pet's toilet activity and activate to automatically clean after use. The device connects to the sewer system and ensures efficient waste removal without the need for intervention from the owner. Additionally, the toilet has a large flushable storage capacity, making it ideal for multi-cat households. The Petgugu cat litter bowl is designed for use with water-soluble litters and offers a range of additional ... >>

The attractiveness of caring men 14.04.2024

The stereotype that women prefer "bad boys" has long been widespread. However, recent research conducted by British scientists from Monash University offers a new perspective on this issue. They looked at how women responded to men's emotional responsibility and willingness to help others. The study's findings could change our understanding of what makes men attractive to women. A study conducted by scientists from Monash University leads to new findings about men's attractiveness to women. In the experiment, women were shown photographs of men with brief stories about their behavior in various situations, including their reaction to an encounter with a homeless person. Some of the men ignored the homeless man, while others helped him, such as buying him food. A study found that men who showed empathy and kindness were more attractive to women compared to men who showed empathy and kindness. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Google+ social network 21.08.2011

Google has finally introduced its own full-fledged social network Google+. Its concept allows users to restrict access to their information to friends, acquaintances, family members or colleagues by creating an arbitrary number of so-called circles in which coexisting contacts are placed.

At the same time, there is a function to send a message to all members of the same circle, as well as group chat and video chat. To work with Google+, an application is already available in the Android Market and App Store.

Other interesting news:

▪ New Bluetooth devices from PHILIPS SEMICONDUCTOR

▪ By 2015, ultra-thin laptops will take a quarter of the mobile PC market

▪ EVGA GeForce GTX 980 Hybrid graphics card

▪ Android smartphone becomes a listening device

▪ Nanospaghetti for health and longevity

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ radio section of the website. Article selection

▪ Infection prevention article. Basics of safe life

▪ article Where did Apollo get the lyre from? Detailed answer

▪ article Catamaran on mattresses. Personal transport

▪ article Medical soaps. Simple recipes and tips

▪ article Car socket 220 volts 400 watts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews