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BUILDER, HOUSEHOLDER
House and utility room. Tips for the home master
Directory / Builder, home master The temporary house is built mainly from cheap, affordable and easily processed materials. In our particular case, all the main construction processes are designed to be performed manually. The materials themselves, products and designs are selected so that they can be easily transported. By the way, a temporary structure can then be used for other purposes or dismantled, while its constituent materials remain suitable for reuse. The skeleton of the building On the foundation columns (Fig. 13), grillage beams are laid, which may not be from timber, but composite: from boards 30x150 mm, connected with screws or dowels, and in two or three places - also with strip steel clamps or bolts.
On top of these beams, frames of the supporting frame, also made of boards 30x150 mm, bundled into packages, are exposed and temporarily fixed. At the joints, the packages are intertwined and tightened with bolts with toothed washers. To increase the rigidity of the structure between the boards of the package in several places, with a step of 600 mm, it is necessary to lay gaskets prepared from the same boards, then tightened with bolts. Frames should be assembled on the ground AND then lifted, aligned and fixed in place. Prior to this, it is not necessary to tighten the bolts to failure: it is better to tighten them when the parts are already exposed and aligned relative to each other. To install the floor, logs are laid on top of the lower elements of the frame with a step of at least 60 cm, along which, after the installation of wall structures, flooring is poured from tongue-and-groove boards or thick laths. Walling Lathing bars are attached to the frames of the supporting frame with a step that is a multiple of the size of flat sheets of asbestos plywood used for the outer surfaces of the walls. Door frames and window blocks are rigidly fastened between the lathing bars, and the former must be installed in such a way as to ensure that the doors open after the floor is laid. Sheets of external surfaces are pressed against the bars of the crate either with the help of wooden slats or metal (preferably aluminum) profiles. Rigid fastening with nails or screws is undesirable.
Internal surfaces are made of carefully matched chipboard. They will take on part of the transverse loads of the house structure. The plates are attached to the frame frames with screws. The voids formed between the lathing bars and the slabs of the external and internal fencing should be filled during installation with mineral wool, sawdust or slag, which will provide sufficient thermal insulation. For durability, the plates should first be soaked three times with hot drying oil. When finishing the exterior walls, it is better to cover with oil or water-based exterior paint. Internal surfaces - paste over with failures, except for the section of the wall above the kitchen equipment. Here, it is preferable to finish with ceramic tiles, which are well attached to the oiled chipboard surface using oil putty or thick oil paint. The gaps between the walls and door and window frames are closed with platbands, the gap between the walls and the floor is sealed with a plinth. Roof It is also carried out along the crate, which is not attached between the frames of the frame, but on top of them. The pitch of the roof sheathing is approximately 200 mm. On such a basis, slate sheets can be immediately fixed. If you do not make a roof from rolled materials, then you should first lay a boardwalk or chipboard sheets on top of the crate, which must first be proliferated. From the inside, the ceiling is sheathed with plywood or wooden lath, followed by painting. If the pattern of plywood or slats is beautiful in itself, then instead of dyes, it is permissible to use colorless furniture varnish, diluted with a solvent in a 1: 1 ratio. The last tip, however, is not applicable if the windows are small and facing north - it will be a bit dark in the house. Home equipment Ventilation is carried out through special vertical channels with a pipe, the top of which rises above the roof ridge. The kitchen and living quarters have their own, independent channels with a useful cross section of each at least 100 cm2. The influx of fresh air - through the vents, which should be protected with a metal or plastic mesh from insects. The set of kitchen equipment is reduced to the necessary minimum and consists of three main items. This is a KSh-P refrigerator (table) with dimensions of 600x600 mm in plan and a height of 850 mm; a sink of the same level, in terms of 500x600 mm, a kitchen stove - gas or electric. The dimensions of the produced kitchen stoves are within close limits: height 850-880 mm, depth 600-6S0 mm and width 400-600 mm. Sewerage in a temporary home is optional, and water from the sink can be drained through a rubber hose into an external tank. But it is still better to lay a shallow channel from the kitchen to the cesspool. Kitchen equipment can be supplemented with wall cabinets for dishes and products. Furniture The requirements for the furniture of ultra-small-sized housing are special, as for the equipment of the sump of a train or the cabin of a ship. Each item here should occupy a minimum of space, if possible, be multifunctional, but also quite comfortable. This topic should be devoted to an independent article, but here it is only necessary to draw the reader's attention to some features of the proposed solution. Bed - two-story, wagon type. The lower deck is its structural element, connecting the front and rear rack-frames. The frame on the side of the bedside tables also serves as the front back of a two-story bed, the back forms partly the wall of the wardrobe, partly a ladder to the upper tier.
Bedside tables are mounted one above the other and open: the lower one - towards the aisle, the upper one - towards the bed. The upper plank of the bed is connected to the frame-racks by only one sidewall, and its fastening is carried out with the help of articulated couplings. On the opposite side, the frames must be equipped with clamps that ensure a reliable spore of the lounger in the raised position. In the daytime, such a shelf is lowered and serves as the back of a sofa, as in a soft railway compartment. Attaching the upper deck directly to the wall is dangerous, since the strength of the chipboard used for the walls is insufficient. Offensive steel is hinged to the window block, so the height of the window sill should be 750-800 mm, which should be taken into account during installation. The proposed project is made "to a minimum": the dimensions of all premises are reduced to the limits determined by the dimensions of furniture and equipment, as well as the norms that exist for small-sized residential buildings. You can increase the area of the premises yourself, depending on your needs. Sections and nodes of the supporting frame are taken with a margin sufficient to increase the prop-frames. Many elements are specially simplified so that even a person who had no previous relationship in construction could build such a house. Author: G.Berezin
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