What caused the unification of Germany in the XNUMXth century? Detailed answer

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What caused the unification of Germany in the XNUMXth century? Detailed answer

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What caused the unification of Germany in the XNUMXth century?

Against the background of the crisis phenomena in the Eastern European countries, the situation in the GDR in the 1970-1980s. outwardly looked quite favorable. The country maintained a stable production process and a relatively high standard of living compared to other socialist countries. However, by the end of the 1980s. the situation has changed dramatically. There were disproportions in the economy in the country, the state budget deficit and external debt were growing.

The outflow of qualified personnel leaving the GDR increased annually. By 1989, the number of those who left for the FRG amounted to 350 thousand people. This led to a reduction in production volumes.

In a number of cities in the country, especially in Leipzig, Dresden and Berlin, rallies were increasingly held demanding political reforms, democracy and freedom.

Trying to stay in power, part of the leadership of the GDR began to look for a way out of the current situation on the path of political maneuvering. However, the tension in the country did not subside. Then another step was taken. On October 18, 1989, the plenum of the Central Committee of the SED released E. Honecker from the duties of general secretary. He was also released from the post of chairman of the State Council of the GDR. But the new leadership clearly did not keep up with the course of events, losing control over them.

During this period, relations between the GDR and the FRG changed dramatically. In November 1989, the leadership of the GDR decided to open its western borders for free travel to the FRG and West Berlin. The "Berlin Wall" has ceased to play its role. They began to take it apart for souvenirs.

In the GDR, a difficult process of reorganization of the ruling party - the SED - was going on. New parties and organizations were created. New political forces announced their rejection of the socialist path of development of the GDR. They saw the prospect of immediate development in saving the country through the reunification of Germany. The slogan of the unification of Germany became the main programmatic demand of the new political forces. These forces enjoyed active support from the political and state institutions of the FRG. Leading figures of the FRG and West Berlin, including Chancellor G. Kohl, took an active part in rallies and demonstrations held on German territory.

The question of the unification of the German states became the center of attention of the entire political life of the country. The official concept of the GDR politicians about the existence of two German nations - socialist and capitalist - was recognized as erroneous. The GDR government declared its desire to develop broad cooperation with the FRG and West Berlin and expressed its interest in receiving economic assistance from the FRG. At the same time, the loyalty of the GDR to its allied obligations was proclaimed.

The further fate of the country, the course of its economic and political development, its foreign policy were to be decided by the elections to the People's Chamber of the GDR, scheduled for March 18, 1990.

The Christian Democratic Union (CDU) received the majority of votes in the elections, the leading party, the SED, was pushed aside from the political scene.

The unification process in Germany had an impact on the entire process of ensuring international security.

The German problem became the subject of discussion of the four great powers - participants in the peace settlement after the end of World War II - the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and France.

On September 12, 1990, the four victorious powers and representatives of the GDR and the FRG signed in Moscow the Treaty on the Final Settlement with regard to Germany, which actually drew a line under the results of the Second World War in Europe. The treaty and other documents recorded the recognition of the inviolability of European borders, a ban on Germany's possession of means of mass destruction, and determined the limits of the size of the Bundeswehr.

The process of German unification was accompanied by the adoption on October 1 by the foreign ministers of the four powers and two German states of the Document on the termination, with the unification of Germany, of the operation of quadripartite rights and responsibilities in relation to Berlin and Germany as a whole.

On October 3, the GDR ceased to exist, the unification of Germany was accomplished.

Author: Irina Tkachenko

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Who was the first American president?

Peyton Randolph.

The first of fourteen (before Washington) Presidents of the Continental Congress, or "the United States assembled in a general Congress." The Continental Congress was a debating body formed by the thirteen colonies to draw up a list of grievances and grievances against the British Crown. At its second meeting, chaired by Randolph, Congress decided that Britain had effectively declared war on the colonies and, in retaliation, established the Continental Army with George Washington as commander-in-chief.

John Hancock, Randolph's successor, was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence from Great Britain, in which Congress asserted its right to govern the thirteen colonies.

After Peyton, thirteen other presidents presided over Congress until, on April 30, 1789, the victorious George Washington was sworn in as President of the independent United States of America.

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