How did the rise of Germany take place in the post-war period? Detailed answer

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How did the rise of Germany take place in the post-war period? Detailed answer

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How did the rise of Germany take place in the post-war period?

After the surrender of Germany, the western zone of occupation returned to normal life. The occupying authorities held trials against war criminals, carried out decartelization, and restored political parties and trade unions.

But the socio-economic policy of the Western powers in Germany was characterized by a certain duality. On the one hand, none of the allies wanted the revival of a powerful, aggressive competitor. On the other hand, the West needed a strong Germany, which had to be actively involved in the fight against a common enemy - the USSR. This dilemma determined the actions of the Western powers in the German question.

The revival of the normal functioning of market mechanisms was launched by a separate monetary reform initiated by the United States in 1948. Although this reform aggravated the crisis and led to the final division of Germany, it had positive domestic political consequences for the western zone of occupation.

To transform the new Germany into a typical Western democracy, it was also necessary to create political structures that provide optimal conditions for the functioning of the state and society.

On the day of the fourth anniversary of the surrender of Nazi Germany, the Parliamentary Council, created on the initiative of the Western powers in their zones of occupation, approved the Basic Law, on the basis of which elections were held to the Bundestag - the lower house of the new West German parliament. The CDU/CSU block received the largest number of seats in it. The upper house of parliament was formed from the German lands. After the completion of the constitution of the parliament, on September 7, 1949, the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany was proclaimed. CDU leader K. Adenauer became its first chancellor.

The main task of the new government was to determine the strategy for the country's economic recovery and its further development. In contrast to the prevailing since the beginning of the twentieth century. The practice of centralized economy at a new historical stage adopted a program of transition to a free competitive market economy. This new order was called the "social market economy". According to him, market development had to be supplemented by a strong social policy of the state, capable of mitigating social contrasts and social injustice generated by market relations.

These ideas began to be put into practice by German Chancellor K. Adenauer and Economics Minister L. Erhard.

The social market economy model has been successfully implemented. In Germany, industrial modernization was completed, a powerful potential for the mass production of durable goods was created, the working population was practically fully employed, and living standards were raised. What happened in the German economy in the 1950s was not without reason called a miracle: in a short time, the country, which was in a state of devastation, reached the forefront on a global scale. In the 1950s the average annual growth rate of production in Germany remained at the level of 9%, which is an extremely high figure even for a highly developed country. This allowed the FRG to triple its national income by 1962.

In addition to domestic political and economic tasks, the government of K. Adenauer had to deal with foreign policy issues related to determining the place of the FRG in the bipolar system, restoring its status in international affairs. Germany was connected to the military-political structures of the West, including NATO. Germany actively participated in the development of economic integration of Western European countries. All these steps, along with the impressive success of its own economy, allowed the FRG to strengthen its position: having started in 1949 practically from scratch, in less than 10 years, the FRG managed to largely restore its prestige as a key European power.

But many factors that provided a powerful breakthrough for Germany in the 1950s had exhausted themselves by the end of the decade. This led to a decline in the influence of the CDU/CSU. Opposition grew. The country was moving more and more clearly towards strengthening its conservative positions.

Author: Irina Tkachenko

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Vibration therapy helps with diabetes 04.11.2012

Found a means of combating the initial stage of diabetes in adolescents. A daily course of vibrations will help to cope with high blood glucose levels, as well as dry mouth. So the researchers from the Medical College of Georgia reported in their report.

The experiment was carried out on mice whose condition mimicked the average condition of an American teenager - constantly overeating and moving directly on the path to diabetes. Overeating mice were subjected to daily 8-minute vibration for 20 weeks. Thus, it was possible to restore a healthy balance of key pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in their body. The result was better than even in the treatment of conventional drugs in such cases. The body of ordinary mice in just the first four days of the course became much better at coping with the sharp increases in glucose levels that occur from fatty, high-calorie foods. Curiously, vibration is good for young mice, but not so good for adult and old mice.

"That's a very good sign," says Dr. Jack Yu, chief of plastic and reconstructive surgery at the Medical College of Georgia. "If you eat a pound of sugar, your blood glucose will go up. If you get diabetes, it will go up even more. Being able to manage these jumps promises to benefit the health of patients.Our standard model is the average American teenager who eats too much.The only way to burn fat is to make him exercise.But now we can just shake his bones, and the muscles do not have to work.This is a very effective way deceive the body, make it think that it is doing physical activity.

This model is especially effective given the sad reality that most people do not want to play sports. At the same time, Dr. Yu says that it is still unclear exactly how vibration leads to the desired results. This appears to be due to the effects of shaking on bone health. The vibration simulates the movement of the bones during a workout, when the muscles do the work of the pusher. As a result, the body produces osteocalcin. This protein helps build strong bones, but it also signals the pancreas to prepare for food. For humanity as a whole, this scheme was effective many centuries ago, when prehistoric hunters chased their prey, overtook it and could feast to their heart's content. But nowadays people move too little and eat a lot, so the scheme rarely works.

In addition, our body tries to retain more fat in order to get more energy. This is the main cause of chronic inflammation associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fat provokes inflammatory factors, and the immune system can mistake fat itself for inflammation and react to it. And, unfortunately, this will not help to eliminate it. And vibrations also affect this mechanism, significantly eliminating imbalances in the body. The vibrations also greatly reduce the symptom of excessive thirst.

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