What are the features of the development of Great Britain after the Second World War? Detailed answer

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What are the features of the development of Great Britain after the Second World War? Detailed answer

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What are the features of the development of Great Britain after the Second World War?

Great Britain emerged victorious from World War II, as one of the participants in the anti-Hitler coalition. Its human losses were less than during the First World War, but the material damage was estimated at many billions of pounds. In addition, Great Britain lost a significant part of its external financial assets, became a debtor to the United States and its dominions.

After the end of the war, there was a growing desire for progressive change among the working people within the country; among the peoples of the British colonies - the desire for national liberation.

In the context of a huge rise in democratic sentiment in the country, the popularity of the Labor Party, which traditionally fought for political influence with its rival, the Conservative Party, was actively growing.

In 1945, the success of the Labor Party. Labor came up with an extensive program of reforms in the social field. This program was called "Face to the Future". Its ultimate goal was the creation of the "Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain". The Laborites saw the best path to this goal in the evolution of the economy in the direction of increasing the proportion of state property in it. In this regard, the central point of the program was the task of nationalizing a number of sectors of the country's economy.

The Labor program promised broad measures in the social field: improving the system of health care and social insurance, expanding housing construction, and improving the system of public education.

The Conservatives, absolutely confident in the popularity of their leader W. Churchill, did not even try to oppose anything to the expanded Labor program.

As a result, the Conservative Party was defeated in the July 1945 parliamentary elections. Almost half of the voters gave their votes to the Labor Party, which brought them an absolute majority in Parliament. K. Attlee became the new head of government.

The new government embarked on a number of serious reforms, significantly expanded the public sector in the economy, and implemented a nationalization program for a number of key sectors of the economy. Thus, having fulfilled an important part of their promises, the Laborites got into their hands powerful levers for managing macroeconomic processes, which allowed them to avoid the escalation of social tension at that time.

But the further implementation of social reforms in the field of health care, social insurance, education, and housing construction required significant public funds. To cover the steadily increasing government spending, the Laborites were forced to increase taxes and the public debt. Financial difficulties began to grow in the country, which forced the government in 1949 to switch to an economy regime. A temporary wage freeze was announced. But this did not improve the situation. Then the government resorted to the devaluation of the pound sterling by 30%, which had a negative impact on the standard of living of most of the British. Strong supporters of curtailing reforms appeared in the Labor Party. The factional struggle in the party weakened the position of the Laborites in the political process.

In 1951, the Conservative Party won the early parliamentary elections. Its former leader W. Churchill again took the chair of the prime minister. But the conservatives did not agree to dismantle the previously created socio-economic infrastructure.

This situation has led to the dominance of consensus tendencies in the political process of the country.

In April 1955 W. Churchill resigned. His place was taken by A. Eden, who had a reputation as a progressive conservative. But it was during his reign that the largest foreign policy crisis in the post-war history of Great Britain occurred, associated with the growth of the national liberation movement in the country's colonial possessions.

The government tried by force to reverse these unfavorable trends in the development of the empire. After the Suez adventure (1956), A. Eden was forced to resign. He was replaced by G. MacMillan, the new leader of the Conservatives.

Author: Irina Tkachenko

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Why do tombstones exist?

Thousands of years ago, ancient man started the tradition of using a pointed stone to mark a grave. The ancient people did this, obviously, in order to prevent evil spirits from leaving dead bodies where they were meant to be. Tombstones were also used to warn people about places where evil spirits lived.

Of course, over the centuries, the purpose of tombstones has changed. The Greeks decorated their tombstones with sculpture. The Jews marked their graves with stone pillars. The Egyptians built tombs and pyramids to mark the burial places of the dead.

When Christianity appeared, the designation of graves became generally accepted. Christians have chosen a cross and a circle as a symbol. The latter, for earlier generations, symbolized the sun. It was later replaced by a simple cross which is still in use today.

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