What were the main features of the Roman Empire? Detailed answer

BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Free library / Directory / Big encyclopedia for children and adults

What were the main features of the Roman Empire? Detailed answer

Big encyclopedia for children and adults

Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education

Did you know?

What were the main features of the Roman Empire?

The Roman Empire not only preserved the heritage of the Republic, it greatly increased it. The imperial system was just as aggressive towards its neighbors as the republican system. There were two reasons for this: the thirst for robbery and fear. The entire Mediterranean came under the control of Rome, which for five centuries expanded the boundaries of the empire from Scotland to the Sahara and from the Atlantic Ocean to the deserts of Syria.

The Roman Republic, as is known, was an organ of domination by the top of the polis, and it could no longer perform the functions of leadership of the huge Roman power, and therefore was doomed. That is why it was replaced by an empire led by an emperor - a man who solely ruled a huge state, consisting of many provinces. The political system that was established in the Roman Empire during the reign of Octavian Augustus is called the principate, since the emperors were always ranked first.

Power and provinces were divided between the senate and the emperor, but not equally. The powers of the princeps were expanded, while the senate and the people were narrowed. Augustus created a centralized system of government, the highest structures of which were similar to modern ministries and were directly subordinate to him.

The followers of Augustus reinforced this bureaucratic system. The emperor himself became the object of a real cult. Cities and provinces praised his personal qualities, his family and all the gods close to him, who were called the most august. This cult was part of imperial propaganda, spread through sports games, literary and artistic creativity of those writers and artists who received the help and patronage of the emperor for this.

Augustus cared about the prestige not only of the city of Rome, but also about respect for the title of Roman citizen. Now he was very meticulously considering candidates for Roman citizenship and in every possible way inspired the Romans that they were born rulers of the world. Such a policy of the Roman great power pursued the goal of creating sharp lines that would separate the Romans and non-Romans, in order, on the one hand, to facilitate the management of the Roman plebs, and on the other, to keep the conquered peoples in obedience.

Augustus revised the old laws and introduced some new ones, for example, on luxury, on adultery and depravity, on bribery, on the order of marriage for all classes. Three times returning to the laws of the family during his principate, he accepted the special powers of the "curator of morals."

Despite the formal republican state government and the legal dual power of the emperor and the senate, the principate was conceived and implemented as a monarchy. But such formalities were of great importance.

Augustus launched a gigantic building activity both in Rome itself and in other areas of the state. In the capital of the empire, 82 churches were restored and rebuilt.

During the reign of Augustus, many efforts were made to ensure a constant and uninterrupted supply of bread and water to the huge populous city of Rome.

The paths of historical development of the Eastern and Western Empires after they finally separated in 395 differed significantly from each other. The Eastern Empire, which later became known as the Byzantine Empire, turned, as a result of complex processes, into a feudal state that was able to exist for another thousand years, until the mid-1453th century. (XNUMX). The historical fate of the Western Roman Empire was different. The collapse of the slave system within its borders was particularly violent. This was accompanied by bloody wars, coups, and popular uprisings, which finally undermined the former power of one of the largest states of the ancient world.

Author: Irina Tkachenko

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

How did the Vietnam War influence the title of the film adaptation of Roald Dahl's fairy tale?

The Americans who fought in Vietnam called the Viet Cong "Charlie". This was one of the reasons why the film adaptation of Roald Dahl's "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory" was released in 1971 under the name "Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory". Another version, filmed in 2005 by Tim Burton, had the original title.

Test your knowledge! Did you know...

▪ What was the Greek island of Delos like before the birth of Apollo and Artemis?

▪ When did the first Slavic states arise?

▪ Which of the Lucas and why was awarded an Oscar?

See other articles Section Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

A New Way to Control and Manipulate Optical Signals 05.05.2024

The modern world of science and technology is developing rapidly, and every day new methods and technologies appear that open up new prospects for us in various fields. One such innovation is the development by German scientists of a new way to control optical signals, which could lead to significant progress in the field of photonics. Recent research has allowed German scientists to create a tunable waveplate inside a fused silica waveguide. This method, based on the use of a liquid crystal layer, allows one to effectively change the polarization of light passing through a waveguide. This technological breakthrough opens up new prospects for the development of compact and efficient photonic devices capable of processing large volumes of data. The electro-optical control of polarization provided by the new method could provide the basis for a new class of integrated photonic devices. This opens up great opportunities for ... >>

Primium Seneca keyboard 05.05.2024

Keyboards are an integral part of our daily computer work. However, one of the main problems that users face is noise, especially in the case of premium models. But with the new Seneca keyboard from Norbauer & Co, that may change. Seneca is not just a keyboard, it is the result of five years of development work to create the ideal device. Every aspect of this keyboard, from acoustic properties to mechanical characteristics, has been carefully considered and balanced. One of the key features of Seneca is its silent stabilizers, which solve the noise problem common to many keyboards. In addition, the keyboard supports various key widths, making it convenient for any user. Although Seneca is not yet available for purchase, it is scheduled for release in late summer. Norbauer & Co's Seneca represents new standards in keyboard design. Her ... >>

The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened 04.05.2024

Exploring space and its mysteries is a task that attracts the attention of astronomers from all over the world. In the fresh air of the high mountains, far from city light pollution, the stars and planets reveal their secrets with greater clarity. A new page is opening in the history of astronomy with the opening of the world's highest astronomical observatory - the Atacama Observatory of the University of Tokyo. The Atacama Observatory, located at an altitude of 5640 meters above sea level, opens up new opportunities for astronomers in the study of space. This site has become the highest location for a ground-based telescope, providing researchers with a unique tool for studying infrared waves in the Universe. Although the high altitude location provides clearer skies and less interference from the atmosphere, building an observatory on a high mountain poses enormous difficulties and challenges. However, despite the difficulties, the new observatory opens up broad research prospects for astronomers. ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Simple game improves children's math ability 24.06.2016

A five-minute computer game that develops an intuitive sense of numbers in five-year-olds helps them then cope with more difficult math problems. Such a discovery was made by psychologists from the Krieger School of Science and Arts at Johns Hopkins University (USA), under the guidance of Professor Lisa Feigenson.

As part of the study, 40 five-year-old children, divided into three groups, were offered to play a simple game: blue or yellow spots appeared on the screen, and the child then had to say which color spots were more. The level of difficulty of tasks in the game varied. Children in the first group first solved simple tasks, and then gradually moved on to complex ones. The second group had the opposite. Finally, members of the third group were offered simple and complex tasks mixed up, in random order.

After the children played the game, they were given part of a standard kindergarten math aptitude test. (For example, “Which is bigger, 6 or 7?”, “Masha had two apples, she was given another one, how many apples did Masha have?” And so on.) It turned out that among the children who completed the tasks in the game in the correct order (from simple to complex), then 80% successfully completed the test. In the second group, only 60% succeeded. Finally, in the third - 70%.

Thus, a simple number-sensing game really improves young children's math abilities - at least in the short term. One more cautious conclusion can be drawn: the level of mathematical abilities is not something laid down once and for all, it can be increased even at an early age.

Other interesting news:

▪ Coffee in test tubes

▪ Bosonic computers

▪ Solar and wind energy for the entire US state

▪ Smartphone case with airbags

▪ Bicycle energy meter

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Voltage stabilizers. Article selection

▪ Article Auger Juicer. Drawing, description

▪ article How much would a car cost now if it progressed as rapidly as a computer? Detailed answer

▪ article Machinist of the block control system (BSU) units (boiler-turbine). Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Optoelectronic relay. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Prefix for microdrill control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews