Why does the train reverse before moving forward? Detailed answer

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Why does the train reverse before moving forward? Detailed answer

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Why does the train reverse before moving forward?

If the driver of a heavy freight train tries to start moving sharply forward, then the train may not budge, since the total static friction force acting from the side of the rails on the wheels of the wagons will exceed the sliding force of the driving wheels of the locomotive. Often, the operator must first back up to loosen the hitch tension. And only then go forward, setting the cars in motion one by one.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Do white elephants exist?

You must have heard the expression: "To have a white elephant." By saying this, people mean that someone owns an unusual, expensive thing that he would not give away for anything. Interestingly, no one has ever seen a white elephant! White elephants are sometimes called very light elephants, which in ancient times were considered sacred.

In some parts of the world they were even worshipped. White elephants were considered so valuable that only a king was allowed to own such an elephant! And this was very helpful: surrounded by the greatest care, white elephants enjoyed all the expensive attributes of luxury. They never worked and lived in separate quarters. They had their own servants, specially assigned to take care of white elephants, and food was often served to them in silver troughs by people in white clothes.

So you see where the expression comes from, implying the possession of an expensive, not useless thing?

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Random news from the Archive

Wrist atomic clock 08.10.2013

The American watch company Bathys Hawaii presented the first watch with an atomic precise time source Cesium 133 (cesium-133 atom is used as a standard).

A watch measuring 60x50x23 mm provides a rate accuracy with a maximum deviation of one second per thousand years (the frequency accuracy of an atomic source is 5x10^-11). The creators of the watch estimated the serial model at 12 thousand dollars apiece. A total of 2014 Cesium 20 units are planned for production in 133.

At the heart of the clockwork is a compact SA.45s chip from Symmetricom, inside which is a capsule with gaseous cesium-133, a laser and photosensitive elements. The electronic unit of the device fixes the periods of electromagnetic radiation during the transition between the levels of the ground state of atoms of the gas heated by the laser. These periods are the SI standard for measuring time.

Bathys Hawaii engineers provided the microcircuit with the necessary power source - a lithium-ion battery (the operating time without recharging is not specified). To display the time, an arrow dial with an indication of the phases of the moon is used. The weight of the watch is not reported, but the weight of the SA.45s chip is 35 grams.

In May 2013, the British company Hoptroff announced the first pocket atomic watch, which was supposed to fit in a round case with a diameter of 82 millimeters. The clock was supposed to use a similar Symmetricom chip. Whether it was possible to release this watch is not reported.

It is worth noting that at present there are already models of wristwatches that show time with the accuracy of an atomic source. In these so-called "radio clocks", accurate time signals are received wirelessly from a system of transmitting base stations with atomic clocks.

The error of a watch with a digital indicator is no more than one second for three million years
Earlier in September, it became known that German physicists managed to achieve a record synchronization of two atomic clocks over a fiber optic cable with an accuracy of 10^-19. At the same time, the accuracy of modern stationary atomic clocks is 10^-16.

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