Which cities are colder or hotter than others? Detailed answer

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Which cities are colder or hotter than others? Detailed answer

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Which cities are colder or hotter than others?

The coldest place is in Verkhoyansk (Eastern Siberia, Russia), near the "pole of cold", the Northern Hemisphere. There, the average annual temperature is -16,1 °C. The largest difference in winter and summer temperatures is also observed there - from + 30 ° C in summer to almost -70 ° C in winter - almost 100 ° C!

The warmest place is in Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh City: there the average annual temperature is +27,1 °C. Following are Manila (+26,6°) and Delhi (India) - +25,1°C.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Where does snakes get venom from?

According to scientists, there are about two thousand four hundred different types of snakes in the world now. Of these, only eight percent are poisonous and paralyze or kill their prey with poison. In many venomous snakes, the venom is not strong enough or not produced in sufficient quantities to be dangerous to humans.

All snakes produce a lot of saliva, which helps them swallow and digest their prey. In poisonous snakes, one of the salivary glands produces a substance that is poisonous to its victims. This substance is snake venom. The venom of some snakes is so strong that it can kill an elephant. In others, it is so weak that it can only kill a small lizard. No more than two hundred species of poisonous snakes can be considered dangerous to humans.

Of the venomous snakes known today, cobras and similar snakes form one family, vipers another. In addition, some members of the largest coluber family of snakes are also venomous. Cobras and other representatives of this family have two poisonous teeth on the upper jaw, one on each side. These teeth have grooves, but in most cobras they are closed and form tubes, empty inside. A muscle is located around the poisonous gland. When the snake bites, the muscle presses on the gland, squeezing the poison into the teeth, which enters the victim's body through the grooves of the teeth.

There is also the so-called spitting cobra, which can shoot venom from its poisonous teeth. A cobra aims at the eyes of an animal that threatens it, such as an antelope or a buffalo. The spit reaches its target at a distance of up to two meters and causes blindness almost instantly. Usually, cobra venom acts on the victim's nervous system and paralyzes it. When the poison reaches the nerve centers that control breathing and heartbeat, the victim dies.

Vipers have very long poisonous teeth. Their venom mainly affects the blood cells and blood vessels of the victim. This can cause severe swelling and bleeding.

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The driver will not fall asleep on the road 14.07.2013

New advances in the collection of data on eye movement and brain activity will be combined to create fundamentally new control devices. Including a device that will protect drivers from falling asleep at the wheel. The development was carried out at the University of Leicester (UK) with the financial support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and in close cooperation with the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina).

The innovative development of scientists includes two components: high-speed recording of eye movement using infrared cameras and high-density electroencephalography (EEG) technology (EEG measures neural activity in the brain with millisecond accuracy). Thus, the researchers refuted past assumptions that it is impossible to track brain activity and eye movement at the same time. Scientists from the University of Leicester succeeded. They captured both metrics thanks to the development of a new signal processing method. The researchers not only described, but also demonstrated how the technique works.

According to the developers, their invention is the first step towards creating a system for monitoring brain activity and eye movement, which will be useful for an automatic warning system for drivers at the first sign of drowsiness. The system will be built into the vehicle and connected to the driver to record changes in brain activity that are typical only for the first stage of drowsiness. Fixing the nature of the eye movement will consolidate the EEG observations, and on the basis of both indicators, the correct conclusion about the state of the driver will be made. The researchers are sure that such a device should be created as soon as possible, because only in Britain about 20% of accidents occur due to the fault of motorists who fell asleep at the wheel.

During the test, the developers noted that monitoring the vigilance of drivers is just one of many possible applications for their technique. A new development in the future will help to make a breakthrough in other areas. For example, it will allow you to do without a mouse, keyboard and other control tools in computer games - instead, sensors will be used that will record brain activity and eye movement. This information will allow you to give commands - run, jump, grab, throw.

The development will also help disabled people who do not have hands. They will be able to move wheelchairs in the right direction with a single movement of their eyes.

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