Where did the word hard labor come from? Detailed answer

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Where did the word hard labor come from? Detailed answer

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Where did the word hard labor come from?

Penal servitude was originally called a vessel with a triple row of oars, which appeared in the 7th century in Venice. From there it came to other countries of the Mediterranean and Europe, and in Russia it ended up under Peter I and was also called a galley. The rowers in hard labor were slaves or criminals, so the word spread to all types of punishments associated with hard work in exile.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

Did any of the European rulers wear a yellow star as a sign of solidarity with the Jews?

After the occupation of Denmark by the Nazis, King Christian X remained in the country, becoming a symbol of Danish resistance. He rode daily through the streets of Copenhagen without guards, and also allegedly wore a yellow Star of David on his clothes as a sign of solidarity with the Jews. In fact, there was no second one, since it was in Denmark that the Nazis never issued such an order regarding the Jews. But from the later published diaries of the king it is clear that in the event of an order, he intended to hang a star on himself and agitate all Danes to follow his example.

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iPhone 6 will be assembled by robots 07.07.2014

Foxconn's program to equip its production lines with robots is nearing its final stage. Initially, 10 robots will be installed. The first devices that Foxconn will trust machines to assemble will be the new-generation iPhones.

According to a company representative, the launch of robots should take place in the near future at one of the enterprises where Apple products are produced. As Terry Gou emphasized, first of all the company is going to use robots for the production of products of the "apple" company. Perhaps the iPhone 6 will be one of the first such products.

Foxconn will initially install 10 robots called Foxbot to replace humans. Each such robot will be able to assemble 30 devices a year. The cost of the robot, depending on the functionality, will be 20-25 thousand dollars.

Foxconn representatives first announced plans to equip their production lines with robotics in 2011. Then Terry Gou said that 10 thousand robots already operate in their factories, and by 2014 their number is planned to be increased to 1 million units.

How many robots are currently present at Foxconn's facilities is unknown. But it is clear that they will not be able to increase production capacity to the required value: in June 2014, the company announced that they were going to hire an additional 100 thousand employees to assemble new iPhones.

Be that as it may, Foxconn expects that replacing people with machines will significantly reduce costs. In addition, the transfer of a number of operations to mechanisms will provide an opportunity to relieve people and, as the company believes, will help improve working conditions. Today, Foxconn employs more than 1,2 million manual assembly workers. The company repeatedly fell under the scope of various human rights organizations due to exceeding the maximum permitted working week (in China it is 49 hours). But that's just one aspect of Foxconn's not-so-clean reputation. In May of this year, it became known that some of the company's employees received multimillion-dollar bribes in exchange for lucrative contracts.

Announcement of the iPhone 6th generation is expected on September 25, 2014.

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